蓝岭地区蓝片岩和含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩变质<i>P-T</i>轨迹

王仕林; 杜瑾雪; 王根厚; 梁晓

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.500

蓝岭地区蓝片岩和含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩变质P-T轨迹

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.500

中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

大学生创新创业训练计划项目 201611415006

国家自然科学基金项目 41502059

中央高校基本业务费专项资金项目 2652015041

中国地质调查局二级项目 DD20160026

详细信息

作者简介:
王仕林(1994-), 男, 本科生, 从事高压变质作用研究, 主要从事蓝片岩的俯冲-折返机制研究

通讯作者:
杜瑾雪(1985-), E-mail:jxdu@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P581
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-07-01
- 刊出日期: 2018-04-15

Metamorphic P-T Paths of Blueschist and Lawsonite-Bearing Phengite Schist in Lanling Area, Central Qiangtang

School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 羌塘中部蓝岭地区的蓝片岩呈透镜状包裹于多硅白云母片岩中.首次在多硅白云母片岩中发现的硬柱石被包裹于石榴石边部的石英颗粒中，正确厘定蓝片岩和含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩的变质P-T轨迹对进一步探讨龙木错-双湖低温高压变质带的形成与演化具有重要意义.详细的岩相学和相平衡模拟显示，蓝片岩经历了较为明显的热驰豫过程（压力峰期条件为490 ℃/2.4 GPa、温度峰期条件为540 ℃/2.1 GPa），而含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩却经历了相对较弱的热驰豫过程（峰期温压条件为530 ℃/2.2 GPa）.另外，蓝片岩和含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩经历了相似的近等温降压的退变质轨迹，这可能暗示着密度较大的基性蓝片岩在折返过程中是借助于大面积、低密度的含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩的浮力才得以折返至地壳层次.
- 青藏高原 /
- 羌塘中部 /
- 蓝岭 /
- 蓝片岩 /
- 含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩 /
- 变质P-T轨迹 /
- 岩石学
Abstract: The blueschist is lenticularly wrapped in the lawsonite-bearing phengite schist in Lanling area, central Qiangtang. The lawsonite included in quartz, which, on its part, is enclosed in porphyroblastic garnet in the phengite schist, is discovered for the first time. Studying on the metamorphic P-T paths of the blueschist and lawsonite-bearing phengite schist is important for the further research of the formation and evolution of the Longmu Co-Shuanghu low-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic belts. The detailed petrography and phase equilibria modeling reveal that the blueschist experienced a more obvious thermal relaxation process (the peak pressure conditions are 490℃ and 2.4 GPa, and the peak temperature conditions are 540℃, 2.1 GPa) while the lawsonite-bearing phengite schist has barely experienced a thermal relaxation process (the peak temperature and pressure conditions are 530℃ and 2.2 GPa). The similarity of the retrograde P-T paths of the blueschist and lawsonite-bearing phengite schist reveals that the exhumation of the blueschist from Lanling area, central Qiangtang, may have resulted from the exhumation of the low-density lawsonite-bearing phengite schist, which carried the denser blueschist to the earth's crust levels.
- Tibetan plateau /
- central Qiangtang /
- Lanling /
- blueschist /
- lawsonite-bearing phengite schist /
- metamorphic P-T path /
- petrology

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图 1 羌塘中部龙木错-双湖缝合带地质简图

a.青藏高原大地构造单位划分(修改自赵少卿等，2015；孟元库等，2016)；b.羌塘中部龙木错-双湖缝合带地质简图(修改自Liang et al., 2017)

Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the Longmu Co-Shuanghu suture, central Qiangtang

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图 2 羌塘中部蓝岭地区蓝片岩和含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩野外特征

Fig. 2. Field photograph of the blueschist and the lawsonite-bearing phengite schist from Lanling, central Qiangtang

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图 3 羌塘中部蓝岭地区蓝片岩岩相学特征

a.蓝片岩的第Ⅰ期矿物组合(单偏光)，红色带箭头实线(A→B、C→D和E→F)依次代表图 4c、图 5b和图 6a中石榴石、蓝闪石和硬绿泥石成分剖面所在的位置；b.硬绿泥石边部退变质成多硅白云母和绿泥石；c.蓝片岩的第Ⅱ期矿物组合(单偏光)；d.绿帘石中包裹钠云母、蓝闪石和石英等包体

Fig. 3. Microphotographs of the blueschist from Lanling, central Qiangtang

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图 4 羌塘中部蓝岭地区蓝片岩和含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩中石榴石成分图解

a.蓝片岩的alm+spss-gr-py图解；b.含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩的alm+spss-gr-py图解；c.蓝片岩中石榴石成分环带图解(对应于图 3a中石榴石的A→B成分剖面)；d.含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩中石榴石成分环带图解(对应于图 7a中石榴石的A→B成分剖面)

Fig. 4. Mineral chemistry diagrams showing variation of garnet in the blueschist and the lawsonite-bearing phengite schist from Lanling, central Qiangtang

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图 5 羌塘中部蓝岭地区蓝片岩中蓝闪石成分图解

a.蓝闪石Mg/(Mg+Fe²⁺)-Si分类图解(Leake et al., 1997)；b.蓝闪石Mg/(Fe²⁺+Mg)环带图解(对应于图 3a中蓝闪石的C→D成分剖面)

Fig. 5. Mineral chemistry diagrams showing variation of glaucophane in the blueschist from Lanling, central Qiangtang

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图 6 羌塘中部蓝岭地区蓝片岩和含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩中硬绿泥石成分图解

a.蓝片岩基质中的硬绿泥石成分环带图解(对应于图 3a中硬绿泥石的E→F成分剖面)；b.含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩石榴石核部的硬绿泥石包体的成分环带图解(对应于图 6b中硬绿泥石的C→D成分剖面)

Fig. 6. Mineral chemistry diagrams showing variation of chloritoid in the blueschist and the lawsonite-bearing phengite schist from Lanling, central Qiangtang

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图 7 羌塘中部蓝岭地区含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩岩相学特征

a.变斑晶石榴石核部包裹硬绿泥石、钠云母、石英等包体(正交光)，红色带箭头实线A→B代表图 4b、4d中石榴石成分剖面所在的位置；b.石榴石核部包裹的硬绿泥石的边部退变质成钠云母，红色带箭头实线C→D代表图 6b中硬绿泥石包体成分剖面所在的位置；c.菱状“绿泥石+钠长石+石英+不透明矿物”集合体，正交光；d.石榴石边部包体石英中包裹的硬柱石(对应于图 9b中硬柱石的实测拉曼光谱图)

Fig. 7. Microphotographs of the lawsonite-bearing phengite schist from Lanling, central Qiangtang

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图 8 羌塘中部蓝岭地区含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩中多硅白云母成分投图

a.多硅白云母Al-Si图解；b.多硅白云母w(FeO)-w(Al₂O₃)变质相带图解，底图据Miyashiro(1973)

Fig. 8. Mineral chemistry diagrams showing variation of phengite in the lawsonite-bearing phengite schist from Lanling, central Qiangtang

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图 9 羌塘中部蓝岭地区含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩中硬柱石拉曼光谱

a.硬柱石标准拉曼光谱(数据来源于： http://rruff.info/lawsonite/display=default/R050042)；b.羌塘中部蓝岭地区含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩中包裹于石英中的硬柱石(而石英又被石榴石包裹，图 7d)拉曼光谱.硬柱石和石英的特征谱峰分别用law和q标注，而没有标注的谱峰是薄片上树胶的谱峰.拉曼光谱测试在北京大学地球与空间科学学院进行，操作条件依据Zhang et al.(2005)

Fig. 9. Raman spectra of lawsonite in the lawsonite-bearing phengite schist from Lanling, central Qiangtang

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图 10 羌塘中部蓝岭地区蓝片岩在MnNCFMASHO体系下的P-T视剖面图

a.MnNCFMASHO(+g+gl+q/coe+hem+H₂O)体系下的P-T视剖面图底图.该视剖面图是基于表 3中的有效全岩成分所计算的.深灰色区域代表三矿物五变域，其余灰度区域递减，依次代表六变域、七变域和八变域；b.MnNCFMASHO(+g+gl+q/coe+hem+H₂O)体系下的P-T轨迹.该图中添加了锰铝榴石等值线(绿色粗虚线spss10-spss50)、钙铝榴石等值线(红色虚线gr10~gr30)、蓝闪石中的Mg^#等值线(紫色实线gl0.50~gl0.77)以及饱和水含量等值线(蓝色实线h1~h5).红色实心圆圈、绿色实心圆圈和蓝色实心圆圈依次代表石榴石环带中的核部、幔部和边部成分.洋红色实线箭头和虚线箭头代表蓝片岩的变质P-T轨迹

Fig. 10. P-T pseudosections in the system MnNCFMASHO for the blueschist from Lanling, central Qiangtang

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图 11 羌塘中部蓝岭地区含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩在MnNCKFMASHO体系下的P-T视剖面图

a.MnNCKFMASHO(+g+ph+H₂O+q/qoe)体系下的P-T视剖面图底图.该视剖面图是基于表 4中的有效全岩成分所计算的.深灰色区域代表五矿物四变域，其余灰度区域递减，依次代表五变域、六变域和七变域；b.MnNCFMASHO(+g+ph+H₂O+q/qoe)体系下的P-T轨迹.该图中添加了镁铝榴石等值线(绿色粗虚线py2-py8)、钙铝榴石等值线(红色虚线gr5~gr41)以及饱和水含量等值线(蓝色虚线h0.5~h5).红色实心圆圈、绿色实心圆圈和蓝色实心圆圈依次代表石榴石环带中的核部、幔部和边部成分.洋红色实线箭头和虚线箭头代表该含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩的变质P-T轨迹

Fig. 11. P-T pseudosections in the system MnNCKFMASHO for the lawsonite-bearing phengite schist from Lanling, central Qiangtang

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表 1 羌塘中部蓝岭地区蓝片岩典型矿物成分(%)

Table 1. Compositions of representative minerals in the blueschist from Lanling, central Qiangtang (%)

矿物	g-c	g-m	g-r	ctd-c	ctd-r	ep-c	ep-r	chl	ph	pa	gl-c	gl-r
SiO₂	37.05	37.69	38.20	26.54	25.40	38.16	37.97	26.99	47.02	48.00	55.22	56.94
TiO₂	0.21	0.18	0.07	0.03	0.01	0.12	0.10	0.01	0.32	0.04	0.45	0.04
Al₂O₃	20.10	21.14	21.86	39.18	39.88	24.91	25.47	20.38	26.89	39.80	7.10	10.11
Cr₂O₃	0.01	0.06	0.03	0.05	0.08	0.14	0.04	0.21	0.02	0.04	0.87	0.04
Fe₂O₃	1.50	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.80	11.47	10.83	0.00	2.23	0.00	3.65	2.14
FeO	15.76	26.92	27.71	22.27	21.11	0.10	0.10	22.91	1.81	0.91	12.18	8.98
MnO	19.81	5.98	3.15	0.78	0.65	0.31	0.21	0.54	0.04	0.01	0.07	0.03
MgO	0.63	1.99	3.02	4.36	4.73	0.16	0.10	17.20	2.72	0.32	9.28	11.01
CaO	5.00	6.70	7.13	0.03	0.06	22.12	22.31	0.04	0.05	0.48	0.28	1.01
Na₂O	0.25	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.07	0.14	0.07	0.51	7.23	6.82	6.82
K₂O	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.05	9.51	0.37	0.04	0.09
Si	3.00	3.00	2.99	1.07	1.03	3.02	3.01	2.79	3.30	3.01	7.95	7.89
Ti	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.05	0.01
Al	1.92	1.98	2.02	1.87	1.91	2.32	2.38	2.48	2.22	2.94	1.21	1.65
Cr	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.10	0.00
Fe³⁺	0.09	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.68	0.65	0.00	0.12	0.00	0.40	0.22
Fe²⁺	1.07	1.79	1.82	0.75	0.72	0.01	0.01	1.98	0.11	0.05	1.47	1.04
Mn	1.36	0.40	0.21	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
Mg	0.08	0.24	0.35	0.26	0.29	0.02	0.01	2.65	0.28	0.03	1.99	2.27
Ca	0.43	0.57	0.60	0.00	0.00	1.88	1.89	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.04	0.15
Na	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.07	0.88	1.90	1.83
K	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.85	0.03	0.01	0.02
py	2.59	7.86	11.87
gr	14.75	19.03	20.10
Fe³⁺/(Fe³⁺+Al-1)						0.34	0.32
Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg)				0.74	0.71			0.43
Mg^#											0.58	0.69
注：-c，核部；-m，幔部；-r，边部；py=100×[Mg/(Mg+Ca+Mn+Fe²⁺)]g，gr=100×[Ca/(Mg+Ca+Mn+Fe²⁺)]g；Mg^#=Mg/(Mg+Fe²⁺)gl；主量元素相对误差小于2%；矿物分子式采用Ax软件计算(Holland; http://www.esc.cam.ac.uk/research-groups/holland/ax).

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表 2 羌塘中部蓝岭含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩典型矿物成分(%)

Table 2. Compositions of representative minerals in the lawsonite-bearing phengite schist from Lanling, central Qiangtang (%)

矿物	g-c	g-r	ctd-in-c	ctd-in-r	ph	chl	pa
SiO₂	37.00	37.06	25.57	24.85	51.29	25.40	46.56
TiO₂	0.19	0.10	0.05	0.01	0.25	0.02	0.04
Al₂O₃	21.43	21.67	40.06	40.45	27.56	21.73	39.76
Cr₂O₃	0.04	0.01	0.06	0.06	0.11	0.12	0.03
Fe₂O₃	0.65	0.43	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00
FeO	29.54	33.50	25.05	25.47	3.15	27.11	0.44
MnO	1.25	0.61	0.14	0.17	0.01	0.04	0.00
MgO	1.20	1.45	2.28	1.75	2.79	13.15	0.19
CaO	8.79	5.95	0.35	0.07	0.02	0.04	0.10
Na₂O	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.41	0.09	7.16
K₂O	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.01	9.64	0.06	0.58
Si	2.96	2.96	1.04	1.03	3.41	2.70	2.99
Ti	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00
Al	2.02	2.04	1.93	1.97	2.16	2.72	3.01
Cr	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00
Fe³⁺	0.04	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Fe²⁺	1.98	2.24	0.86	0.88	0.18	2.41	0.02
Mn	0.09	0.04	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00
Mg	0.14	0.17	0.14	0.11	0.28	2.08	0.02
Ca	0.75	0.51	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01
Na	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.02	0.89
K	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.82	0.01	0.05
py	4.83	5.84
gr	25.48	17.21
Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg)			0.86	0.89		0.54
注：-in，石榴石中的包体，其余同表 1.

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表 3 羌塘中部蓝岭蓝片岩和含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩的全岩成分

Table 3. Whole-rock compositions of the blueschist and the lawsonite-bearing phengite schist from Lanling, central Qiangtang

样品	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	TiO₂	Fe₂O₃	FeO	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	MnO	P₂O₅	LOI	Total
实测全岩成分(%)
L1414-1	47.66	14.04	1.85	5.28	9.62	4.84	7.7	0.16	4.14	1.24	0.19	3.12	99.84

样品	Si	Al	Fe^T	Ca	Mg	Mn	Na	O	H	O
相平衡模拟所用有效全岩成分(基于单位氧化物的摩尔百分数)
L1414-1	47.03	15.93	11.59	4.92	11.47	1.05	8.02	152.97	100	50
注：Fe^T=Fe²⁺+Fe³⁺.

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表 4 羌塘中部蓝岭含硬柱石多硅白云母片岩的有效全岩成分

Table 4. Effective whole-rock compositions of the lawsonite-bearing phengite schist from Lanling, central Qiangtang

样品	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	TiO₂	Fe₂O₃	FeO	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	MnO	P₂O₅	LOI	Total
实测全岩成分(%)
L1414-7	73.54	13.56	0.66	0.79	3.32	0.49	1.27	1.95	1.89	0.04	0.08	2.31	99.89

矿物	vol%	Si	Ti	Al	Cr	Fe³⁺	Fe²⁺	Mn	Mg	Ca	Na	K
有效全岩成分计算过程
g	18	3.03	0.01	2.01	0.00	0.00	2.10	0.00	0.13	0.68	0.01	0.00
pa	12	3.00	0.00	3.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.00	0.00
q	36	1.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
ph	24	3.36	0.02	2.23	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.00	0.26	0.00	0.07	0.84

样品	Si	Al	Fe^T	Mn	Mg	Ca	Na	K	O
相平衡模拟所用的有效全岩成分(基于单位氧化物的摩尔百分数)
L1414-7	62.66	20.78	7.61	0.00	1.37	2.24	2.23	3.11	170.38
注：有效全岩成分计算过程中所涉及到的矿物化学式是利用Ax软件计算的(%)；Fe^T =Fe²⁺+Fe³⁺.

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