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    纳米尺度下的生物矿物和生物矿化:基于介晶的视角

    李涵 姚奇志 周根陶

    李涵, 姚奇志, 周根陶, 2018. 纳米尺度下的生物矿物和生物矿化:基于介晶的视角. 地球科学, 43(5): 1425-1438. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.402
    引用本文: 李涵, 姚奇志, 周根陶, 2018. 纳米尺度下的生物矿物和生物矿化:基于介晶的视角. 地球科学, 43(5): 1425-1438. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.402
    Li Han, Yao Qizhi, Zhou Gentao, 2018. Biominerals and Biomineralization on Nanoscale: From Perspective of Mesocrystals. Earth Science, 43(5): 1425-1438. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.402
    Citation: Li Han, Yao Qizhi, Zhou Gentao, 2018. Biominerals and Biomineralization on Nanoscale: From Perspective of Mesocrystals. Earth Science, 43(5): 1425-1438. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.402

    纳米尺度下的生物矿物和生物矿化:基于介晶的视角

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.402
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41372053

    国家自然科学基金项目 41672034

    国家自然科学基金项目 41572026

    国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目 2014CB846003

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      李涵(1987-), 男, 博士后, 主要从事生物矿物学和环境矿物学研究

      通讯作者:

      周根陶

    • 中图分类号: P571

    Biominerals and Biomineralization on Nanoscale: From Perspective of Mesocrystals

    • 摘要: 纳米地质学的兴起和发展,促使地质工作者从纳米尺度重新认识固体地球物质,将对地球科学的各个领域产生广泛而深刻的影响.作为纳米地质学的重要分支,纳米矿物学也将走出传统矿物学只把矿物看成理想晶体点阵的局限,从纳米尺度深入探究矿物包括生物矿物在内的矿物结构与性质,突破口之一是介晶.介晶是一种特殊的结晶纳米结构,近年来得到了物理学家和化学家尤其是材料化学家越来越多的关注.介晶是非经典结晶过程产物,以纳米颗粒为基本构筑单元,具备纳米颗粒的性质和宏观尺寸.现已发现,许多生物矿物如脊椎动物骨骼和牙齿、贝壳珍珠层、蛋壳、海胆骨针、有孔虫和珊瑚等都具有介晶结构.因此,从纳米尺度和介晶角度重新理解生物矿化,有助于揭示生物矿物中纳米多级结构的成因机制,拓展纳米矿物学的科学内涵.首先介绍生物矿化和生物矿物的基本概念,之后对介晶的概念和结构特征进行阐述,最后介绍生物矿物中的介晶结构及介晶形成的典型机制,涉及有机基质辅助、物理场驱动、矿物桥或有机桥连接、空间限域、取向附集和晶面选择性分子作用等多种物理化学过程,有望进一步推动纳米矿物学的发展.

       

    • 图  1  方解石单晶对比

      Weiner and Dove(2003).棘皮动物硬组织(a)和人工合成的菱面体方解石(b)

      Fig.  1.  Comparison of calcite single crystals

      图  2  六方柱状球霰石的FESEM照片(a, b)、TEM照片(c, e)和SAED花样(d, f)

      Wang et al.(2015)

      Fig.  2.  FESEM images (a, b), TEM images (c, e) and SAED patterns (d, f) of hexagonal prismatic vaterite

      图  3  介晶形成机制

      Sturm and Cölfen(2016).a.有机基质辅助;b.物理场驱动;c.矿物桥或有机桥连接;d.空间限域;e.取向附集;f.晶面选择性分子作用

      Fig.  3.  Formation mechanisms of mesocrystals

      图  4  红鲍鱼Haliotis rufescens贝壳纵断面

      Zaremba et al.(1996)

      Fig.  4.  Schematic of a vertical section of the shell of a red abalone (Haliotis rufescens)

      图  5  软体动物贝壳微观结构

      文石层断裂面(a)和横截面(b);文石层晶体堆积示意图(c)(Addadi et al., 2006).文石片的FETEM图像及SAED花样(d);文石片亚单元的FETEM图像(e)(Oaki and Imai, 2005);珍珠质层中局部共取向的文石柱(f)及其示意图(g)

      Fig.  5.  Molluscs shell microstructure

      图  6  介晶结构文石棒的典型FESEM照片

      a.低放大倍数;b.高放大倍数;c.具有假六方柱形表面的文石介晶.文石介晶的TEM照片(d, f)和SAED花样(e, g).文石晶体聚形结构示意图(h)和沿着不同结晶学方向的结构投影(i, j)(Zhou et al., 2009)

      Fig.  6.  Typical FESEM images of aragonite mesocrystal rods

      图  7  趋磁细菌磁小体晶体形貌特征

      a.立方八面体;b.子弹头形;c, d.假六方棱柱状(Bäuerlein, 2003)

      Fig.  7.  Crystal morphologies of magnetosomes from magnetotactic bacteria

      图  8  PASP存在下鸟粪石的形貌演化过程

      Li et al.(2015)

      Fig.  8.  Schematic illustration of the morphology evolution process of struvite in the presence of PASP

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