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    特提斯喜马拉雅-印度地体初始裂解:来自藏南地区晚白垩世OIB型玄武岩的证据

    黄勇 梁维 张林奎 李光明 黄春梅 夏祥标 董随亮 吴建阳

    黄勇, 梁维, 张林奎, 李光明, 黄春梅, 夏祥标, 董随亮, 吴建阳, 2018. 特提斯喜马拉雅-印度地体初始裂解:来自藏南地区晚白垩世OIB型玄武岩的证据. 地球科学, 43(8): 2651-2663. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.573
    引用本文: 黄勇, 梁维, 张林奎, 李光明, 黄春梅, 夏祥标, 董随亮, 吴建阳, 2018. 特提斯喜马拉雅-印度地体初始裂解:来自藏南地区晚白垩世OIB型玄武岩的证据. 地球科学, 43(8): 2651-2663. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.573
    Huang Yong, Liang Wei, Zhang Linkui, Li Guangming, Huang Chunmei, Xiao Xiangbiao, Dong Suiliang, Wu Jianyang, 2018. The Initial Break-Up between Tethyan-Himalaya and Indian Terrane: Evidences from Late Cretaceous OIB-Type Basalt in Southern Tibet. Earth Science, 43(8): 2651-2663. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.573
    Citation: Huang Yong, Liang Wei, Zhang Linkui, Li Guangming, Huang Chunmei, Xiao Xiangbiao, Dong Suiliang, Wu Jianyang, 2018. The Initial Break-Up between Tethyan-Himalaya and Indian Terrane: Evidences from Late Cretaceous OIB-Type Basalt in Southern Tibet. Earth Science, 43(8): 2651-2663. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.573

    特提斯喜马拉雅-印度地体初始裂解:来自藏南地区晚白垩世OIB型玄武岩的证据

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.573
    基金项目: 

    国家重点研发计划项目 2016YFC0600308

    中国地质调查局项目 121201010000150014

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      黄勇(1982-), 男, 高级工程师, 长期从事青藏高原成矿规律研究.

    • 中图分类号: P597

    The Initial Break-Up between Tethyan-Himalaya and Indian Terrane: Evidences from Late Cretaceous OIB-Type Basalt in Southern Tibet

    • 摘要: 长期以来关于喜马拉雅地体是否从印度大陆裂解以及何时裂解的问题存在较大争议,而藏南卡达地区新发现的晚白垩世枕状玄武岩为解决该问题提供了新的证据.卡达玄武岩位于卡达乡北侧,玄武岩呈北西西向不整合于中侏罗统遮拉组之上,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年获得的成岩年龄为92.1±1.2 Ma,代表特提斯喜马拉雅地区晚白垩世时期火山活动.卡达玄武岩主量元素、微量元素分析结果显示,玄武岩为碱性玄武岩,轻重稀土明显分馏((La/Yb)N=5.7~7.1),无Nb-Ta、Eu、Zr-Hf负异常,以及高Fe、P、Ti含量,低(La/Nb)PM、(Th/Ta)PM比值特征.锆石εHft)值介于9.02~12.97,平均为10.50,地幔模式年龄tDM1为241~399 Ma.地球化学指标以及同位素组成显示卡达玄武岩为未受地壳混染的OIB型玄武岩,岩浆起源于含石榴石、尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的部分熔融.卡达玄武岩形成于特提斯喜马拉雅被动大陆边缘环境,被动大陆边缘的火山岩浆岩通常与大陆裂解有关,结合古地磁研究结果以及新特提斯洋盆演化证据,认为卡达玄武岩与特提斯喜马拉雅和印度地体的裂解有关,代表大陆地壳初始裂解的时间.

       

    • 图  1  区域地质简图(a)和卡达地区地质简图(b)

      图a据Yin and Harrison (2000)修改.GCT.大反向逆冲断层; STDZ.藏南拆离系; MCT.主中央断裂; MBT.主边界断裂; MFT.主前锋断裂

      Fig.  1.  Regional geologic map (a) and the geological map of Kada area (b)

      图  2  藏南地区卡达OIB型玄武岩野外和岩相学照片

      Pl.基性斜长石;Cpx.单斜辉石

      Fig.  2.  Field and petrographical photos of the Kada OIB-type basalt in southern Tibet

      图  3  藏南卡达OIB型玄武岩锆石CL图像及U-Pb年龄谐和图

      图a中黑色圆圈代表锆石U-Pb测年点,数字为测点编号,数据代表U-Pb年龄;红色数据为εHf(t)值

      Fig.  3.  Zircon CL images and U-Pb concordia diagram of OIB-type basalt in southern Tibet

      图  4  藏南卡达玄武岩样品Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2图解

      Winchester and Floyd (1977)

      Fig.  4.  Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2 plot of Kada basalt in southern Tibet

      图  5  卡达玄武岩样品的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式(a)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)

      原始地幔、球粒陨石、OIB、E-MORB、N-MORB数据来自Sun and McDonough (1989);措美大火成岩省数据来自夏瑛等(2012);桑秀组玄武岩数据来自朱弟成等(2005)

      Fig.  5.  Chondrite-normalized REE pattern (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram (b) of Kada basalt

      图  6  藏南地区卡达OIB型玄武岩(Th/Nb)PM-(La/Nb)PM图解

      原始地幔、Bunbury Casuarina和Bunbury Gosselin玄武岩数据来自Frey et al.(1996); Rajmahal暗色岩数据来自Baksi et al.(1995)Kent et al.(1997); Site 747玄武岩数据来自Frey et al.(2002); Site 738玄武岩数据来自Mahoney et al.(1995); Site 1138玄武岩数据来自Neal et al.(2002).UC.上地壳;MC.中地壳;LC.下地壳

      Fig.  6.  (Th/Nb)PM-(La/Nb)PM plot of OIB-type basalt in southern Tibet

      图  7  藏南卡达玄武岩εHf(t)-t图解

      Fig.  7.  εHf(t) -t plot of Kada basalt in southern Tibet

      图  8  藏南卡达玄武岩Zr/Nb-Ce/Y图解(a)和La/Sm-Sm/Yb图解(b)

      Fig.  8.  Plots of Zr/Nb-Ce/Y (a) and La/Sm-Sm/Yb (b) of Kada basalt in southern Tibet

      图  9  藏南卡达玄武岩2Nb-Zr/4-Y图解(a)和Nb/Tb-Th/Tb图解(b)

      A1.板内碱性玄武岩;A2.板内碱性玄武岩或板内拉斑玄武岩;B.P-type MORB;C.板内拉斑玄武岩或火山弧玄武岩;D.火山弧玄武岩或N-MORB

      Fig.  9.  Plots of 2Nb-Zr/4-Y (a)和Nb/Tb-Th/Tb (b) of Kada basalt in southern Tibet

      图  10  拉萨地体、特提斯喜马拉雅和印度地体古地磁点位图解

      底图来源于Yang et al. (2015b)

      Fig.  10.  Paleomagnetic points diagram for Indian terrane, Tethyan Himalayan and Lhasa terrane

      表  1  藏南卡达玄武岩锆石U-Pb分析结果

      Table  1.   Zircon U-Pb results of Kada basalt in southern Tibet

      样号 元素含量(10-6) 232Th/238U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      206Pbc U Th 206Pb* 207Pb*/206Pb* 1σ 207Pb*/235U 1σ 206Pb*/238U 1σ 206Pb/238U 208Pb/232Th
      KD2-1 0.22 737 525 8.90 0.74 0.0561 6.1 0.1085 6.5 0.01402 2.2 89.8±1.9 90.4±3.7
      KD2-2 - 945 764 11.9 0.83 0.0568 6.0 0.1145 6.3 0.01463 2.1 93.6±2.0 99.1±4.5
      KD2-3 0.25 661 372 8.48 0.58 0.0567 14 0.116 14 0.01490 2.7 95.4±2.6 108±11
      KD2-4 2.43 392 156 4.80 0.41 0.0497 17 0.095 17 0.01392 2.8 9.1±2.5 79±14
      KD2-5 0.73 648 331 8.08 0.53 0.0570 7.0 0.1132 7.3 0.01441 2.2 92.2±2.0 105.5±5.4
      KD2-6 2.42 869 656 10.8 0.78 0.0468 12 0.092 12 0.01418 2.2 90.8±2.0 90.9±5.8
      KD2-7 0.50 991 994 12.5 1.04 0.0506 7.1 0.1022 7.4 0.01465 2.2 93.8±2.0 91.6±4.5
      KD2-8 4.99 779 502 9.88 0.67 0.063 20 0.121 20 0.01402 2.5 89.8±2.2 99±13
      KD2-9 0.53 1184 760 15.0 0.66 0.0531 9.2 0.107 9.5 0.01465 2.2 93.8±2.0 97.9±6.1
      KD2-10 1.22 937 537 12.2 0.59 0.0577 7.1 0.1193 7.4 0.01498 2.2 95.9±2.1 98.6±5.7
      KD2-11 10.67 649 402 9.06 0.64 0.053 31 0.105 31 0.01452 3.0 92.9±2.8 117±24
      KD2-12 0.39 705 555 8.70 0.81 0.0631 7.6 0.1245 7.9 0.01432 2.3 91.6±2.1 98.3±3.6
      KD2-13 0.28 918 515 11.1 0.58 0.0587 5.5 0.1138 5.9 0.01406 2.1 90.0±1.9 96.9±3.9
      注:Pbc和Pb*分别代表普通Pb和放射成因Pb.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  卡达玄武岩主量元素(%)、微量元素(10-6)和稀土元素(10-6)分析结果

      Table  2.   Major elements (%), trace elements (10-6) and rare earth elements (10-6) results of Kada basalt

      样号 KD2-2 KD2-3 KD2-4 KD2-5 KD2-6
      SiO2 48.27 50.28 48.90 49.78 48.99
      CaO 9.61 9.71 8.93 10.15 8.23
      FeO 7.38 7.42 8.39 6.99 8.14
      MgO 5.87 5.22 5.38 4.67 5.39
      Na2O 2.10 2.14 2.42 2.19 2.81
      TiO2 3.81 3.72 3.80 3.90 3.76
      LOI 2.74 2.37 2.91 2.08 2.64
      Be 1.36 1.61 1.60 1.60 1.42
      Mn 1 280 1 180 1 454 1 363 1 398
      Ni 92.1 131.0 179.0 70.8 72.0
      Rb 15.1 4.51 10.9 11.6 17.70
      Mo 0.75 0.47 0.46 0.57 0.44
      In 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10
      Ba 284 193 473 258 1006
      Pb 2.20 1.98 1.80 2.54 1.64
      Th 1.88 2.12 1.68 2.18 2.18
      Nb 25 26.4 22 30 27
      Zr 261 282 279 287 271
      Sn 2.09 2.27 2.35 2.25 2.21
      Ti 22 422 21 896 22 820 23 542 22 561
      As 0.45 0.16 < 0.05 0.68 0.17
      La 22.3 25.5 21.4 26.8 25.5
      Pr 7.54 8.31 7.54 8.55 8.04
      Sm 8.29 8.74 8.78 8.91 8.29
      Gd 8.68 8.77 9.00 9.08 8.39
      Dy 6.93 6.86 7.00 7.12 6.68
      Er 3.17 3.13 3.22 3.24 3.08
      Yb 2.68 2.7 2.68 2.74 2.57
      Sc 26.6 23.9 25.0 25.2 26.0
      (La/Yb)N 6.0 6.8 5.7 7.0 7.1
      A/NK 3.02 3.11 2.48 2.89 2.09
      TFeO 11.6 11.0 11.4 10.5 10.9
      Al2O3 12.97 12.54 12.53 13.15 13.08
      Fe2O3 4.72 4.03 3.33 3.86 3.02
      K2O 0.77 0.47 0.98 0.87 1.51
      MnO 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.18 0.18
      P2O5 0.41 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.43
      H2O 3.13 2.86 3.18 2.56 3.16
      Li 14.6 9.35 14.7 13.1 13.3
      Cr 322 256 337 217 223.0
      Co 43.9 40.6 48.3 38.5 42.0
      Ga 23.5 23.7 24.0 24.5 22.0
      Sr 597 618 774 640 874
      Cd 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.09
      Cs 1.11 0.57 0.56 0.48 0.41
      Tl < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.08
      Bi < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05
      U 0.52 0.58 0.48 0.61 0.54
      Ta 1.74 1.84 1.50 2.08 1.84
      Hf 6.47 7.08 6.92 7.19 6.76
      Sb 0.07 0.07 < 0.05 0.37 < 0.05
      W 0.20 0.30 0.26 0.28 0.25
      V 417 380 392 416 395
      Ce 44.1 49.0 43.1 50.9 48.8
      Nd 39.1 42.4 40.1 43.4 40.6
      Eu 2.86 2.86 2.97 2.94 2.78
      Tb 1.23 1.24 1.29 1.30 1.23
      Ho 1.33 1.32 1.31 1.36 1.27
      Tm 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.43
      Lu 0.39 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.38
      Y 30.7 30.6 30.9 31.5 29.9
      A/CNK 0.60 0.58 0.59 0.57 0.62
      Mg# 47.4 45.7 45.7 44.3 46.9
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  藏南地区卡达玄武岩锆石Hf同位素数据

      Table  3.   Zircon Hf isotope data of the Kada basalt in southern Tibet

      样号 176Yb/177Hf 2σ 176Lu/177Hf 2σ 176Hf/177Hf 2σ εHf(t) tDM1(Ma) fLu-Hf
      KD2-1 0.027 232 0.000 157 0.000 884 0.000 003 0.282 978 0.000 024 9.26 386 -0.97
      KD2-2 0.038 056 0.000 274 0.001 153 0.000 004 0.282 981 0.000 021 9.32 386 -0.97
      KD2-3 0.035 524 0.000 619 0.001 178 0.000 016 0.283 003 0.000 024 10.12 354 -0.96
      KD2-4 0.028 420 0.000 280 0.000 926 0.000 008 0.282 982 0.000 022 9.39 382 -0.97
      KD2-5 0.038 303 0.001 019 0.001 205 0.000 026 0.282 986 0.000 026 9.53 378 -0.96
      KD2-6 0.038 204 0.001 301 0.001 217 0.000 034 0.282 972 0.000 031 9.02 399 -0.96
      KD2-7 0.056 766 0.001 403 0.001 685 0.000 051 0.283 056 0.000 022 11.95 283 -0.95
      KD2-8 0.057 206 0.001 348 0.001 789 0.000 041 0.283 078 0.000 027 12.75 250 -0.95
      KD2-9 0.043 852 0.000 887 0.001 366 0.000 028 0.282 978 0.000 025 9.23 392 -0.96
      KD2-10 0.041 322 0.000 519 0.001 293 0.000 014 0.283 007 0.000 023 10.25 350 -0.96
      KD2-11 0.050 842 0.001 608 0.001 538 0.000 041 0.283 040 0.000 024 11.41 304 -0.95
      KD2-12 0.052 171 0.001 341 0.001 699 0.000 029 0.283 085 0.000 042 12.97 241 -0.95
      KD2-13 0.036 267 0.001 293 0.001 119 0.000 027 0.283 029 0.000 027 11.04 317 -0.97
      下载: 导出CSV
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