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    拉萨地块中北部尼雄地区早白垩世火山岩的成因及构造意义

    苟正彬 刘函 李俊 崔浩杰 杨洋

    苟正彬, 刘函, 李俊, 崔浩杰, 杨洋, 2018. 拉萨地块中北部尼雄地区早白垩世火山岩的成因及构造意义. 地球科学, 43(8): 2780-2794. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.153
    引用本文: 苟正彬, 刘函, 李俊, 崔浩杰, 杨洋, 2018. 拉萨地块中北部尼雄地区早白垩世火山岩的成因及构造意义. 地球科学, 43(8): 2780-2794. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.153
    Gou Zhengbin, Liu Han, Li Jun, Cui Haojie, Yang Yang, 2018. The Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of Early Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks in Nixiong Area from the Central and Northern Lhasa Terrane. Earth Science, 43(8): 2780-2794. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.153
    Citation: Gou Zhengbin, Liu Han, Li Jun, Cui Haojie, Yang Yang, 2018. The Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of Early Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks in Nixiong Area from the Central and Northern Lhasa Terrane. Earth Science, 43(8): 2780-2794. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.153

    拉萨地块中北部尼雄地区早白垩世火山岩的成因及构造意义

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.153
    基金项目: 

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20160015

    四川省基金项目 2014JQ0025

    国家自然科学基金项目 41303028

    国家自然科学基金项目 41773026

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      苟正彬(1986-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事大陆造山带形成与构造演化研究

    • 中图分类号: P597

    The Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of Early Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks in Nixiong Area from the Central and Northern Lhasa Terrane

    • 摘要: 以往的研究多侧重于拉萨地体中南部,对拉萨地块中北部地区的火山岩浆活动的分布特点、火山岩成因及构造意义关注相对较少,且对该地区中生代火山岩的成因机制存在不同认识.尼雄地区广泛发育的白垩纪火山岩保存了大量青藏高原新生代之前的地质演化信息.岩石学和锆石U-Pb定年研究表明,火山岩类型主要为玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩和流纹岩,其SiO2含量为55.76%~77.78%,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.89~3.04,属高钾钙碱性-碱钙性、偏铝质-过铝质岩石;其富集Th、U,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,显示出A型花岗质岩石特征;此外,流纹岩具有较高的SiO2含量和极低的MgO、TiO2、P2O5含量及δEu值,相对亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr和Eu等元素,与高分异的A型流纹岩特征一致.从1个玄武安山岩、1个粗面安山岩和2个流纹岩样品中获得的岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄分别为117 Ma、127 Ma和126~127 Ma,代表了尼雄地区早白垩世火山岩的形成年龄,否定了前人把尼雄地区火山岩全归属为始新世林子宗群年波组或渐新世日贡拉组的认识.综合研究表明,玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩和流纹岩可能为壳幔熔体混合的结果,并伴随着一定的分离结晶作用.它们可能同时受到班公湖-怒江洋壳向南、雅鲁藏布江新特提斯洋壳向北双向俯冲的影响.

       

    • 图  1  青藏高原地质简图(a)和研究区地质简图(b)

      图a据Zhu et al.(2008). JSSZ.金沙江缝合带;LSSZ.龙木错-双湖缝合带;BNSZ.班公湖-怒江缝合带;SNMZ.狮泉河-纳木错断裂;LMF.洛巴堆-米拉山断裂;IYZSZ.印度-雅鲁藏布江

      Fig.  1.  Simplified geological map of the Tibetan Plateau (a) and geological map of the study area (b)

      图  2  玄武安山岩(a)、粗面安山岩(b)和流纹岩(c、d)样品显微镜下照片

      Q.石英;Pl.斜长石;Bt.黑云母

      Fig.  2.  Photomicrographs of the basalitic andesite (a), trachyandesite (b) and rhyolite (c, d) samples

      图  3  早白垩世火山岩锆石U-Pb谐和图及代表性锆石阴极发光图像

      圆圈为U-Pb年龄分析点

      Fig.  3.  Zircon U-Pb concordia plots of the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks, showing CL images of the typical zircon grains

      图  4  早白垩世火山岩SiO2-Zr/TiO2(a)和(Na2O+K2O)-SiO2图解(b)

      图a据Winchester and Floyd (1977);图b据Frost et al.(2001)

      Fig.  4.  SiO2-Zr/TiO2 (a) and (Na2O+K2O)-SiO2 (b) diagrams of the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks

      图  5  早白垩世火山岩的Th-Co关系

      Hastie et al.(2007)

      Fig.  5.  The relation of Th and Co for the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks

      图  6  早白垩世火山岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(a)及球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式(b)

      标准值据Sun and McDonough (1989);上、中、下地壳值据Rudnick and Gao(2003)

      Fig.  6.  Primitive-mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram (a) and chondrite-normalized REE pattern (b) of the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks

      图  7  早白垩世火山岩TFe2O3/(TFe2O3+MgO)-SiO2图解(a)与(Na2O+K2O-CaO)-SiO2图解(b)

      图a修改自Frost et al.(2001)Rajesh(2007); 图b据Frost et al.(2001)

      Fig.  7.  Plots of TFe2O3/(TFe2O3+MgO) vs. SiO2 (a) and (Na2O+K2O-CaO) vs. SiO2 (b) of the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks

      图  8  早白垩世火山岩Nb-Y(a)和Rb-(Y+Nb)(b)判别图解

      Pearce and Norry (1979)

      Fig.  8.  Nb vs.Y (a) and Rb vs.(Y+Nb) (b) discrimination diagrams of the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks

      表  1  玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩与流纹岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果

      Table  1.   LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb data of the basalitic andesite, trachyandesite and rhyolite

      样品 元素含量(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma)
      Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1 σ 207Pb/235U 1 σ 206Pb/238U 1 σ 207Pb/206Pb 1 σ 207Pb/235U 1 σ 206Pb/238U 1 σ
      D1651-N1玄武安山岩
      D1651-N1-05 49 544 290 1.88 0.048 0 0.007 6 0.123 3 0.019 9 0.018 1 0.000 6 98 337.0 118 18.0 116 3.6
      D1651-N1-06 63 764 644 1.19 0.050 7 0.004 7 0.124 1 0.010 6 0.018 5 0.000 4 228 203.7 119 9.6 118 2.5
      D1651-N1-07 86 1 131 990 1.14 0.050 6 0.005 6 0.121 3 0.011 9 0.018 4 0.000 3 220 237.0 116 10.7 117 2.1
      D1651-N1-08 129 1 599 1 627 0.98 0.049 6 0.003 9 0.123 5 0.008 9 0.018 6 0.000 3 176 174.0 118 8.0 119 2.1
      D1651-N1-12 222 2 999 1974 1.52 0.049 0 0.003 2 0.124 6 0.007 6 0.018 5 0.000 3 146 153.7 119 6.8 118 1.8
      D1651-N1-13 185 2 493 882 2.83 0.049 7 0.003 4 0.126 5 0.008 4 0.018 4 0.000 3 189 167.6 121 7.6 118 1.6
      D1651-N1-14 96 1 120 482 2.32 0.048 0 0.004 0 0.122 3 0.009 6 0.018 5 0.000 3 98 185.2 117 8.7 118 2.2
      D1651-N1-15 32 382 320 1.19 0.052 6 0.005 4 0.124 1 0.011 4 0.018 7 0.000 4 322 233.3 119 10.3 119 2.8
      D1651-N1-17 81 1 048 482 2.17 0.050 7 0.004 2 0.122 3 0.009 6 0.017 9 0.000 3 233 194.4 117 8.7 114 1.9
      D1651-N1-18 51 629 316 1.99 0.051 7 0.005 7 0.122 2 0.013 2 0.018 2 0.000 4 272 237.0 117 12.0 116 2.6
      D1651-N1-19 143 1 904 1 302 1.46 0.050 0 0.003 5 0.122 2 0.008 2 0.018 0 0.000 3 195 164.8 117 7.4 115 1.8
      PM01-N2粗面安山岩
      PM01-N2-01 76 976 787 1.24 0.051 3 0.003 5 0.142 9 0.009 0 0.019 5 0.000 3 257 161.1 136 8.0 124 2.0
      PM01-N2-02 108 1 414 1 329 1.06 0.048 1 0.002 2 0.135 9 0.005 5 0.020 2 0.000 2 102 107.4 129 5.0 129 1.5
      PM01-N2-05 67 939 683 1.38 0.047 8 0.002 1 0.131 3 0.005 5 0.019 8 0.000 2 87 100.0 125 4.9 126 1.4
      PM01-N2-06 129 1 663 1 460 1.14 0.045 6 0.003 4 0.133 6 0.009 4 0.020 2 0.000 3 127 8.4 129 2.1
      PM01-N2-07 67 868 768 1.13 0.043 0 0.004 4 0.135 1 0.012 8 0.020 1 0.000 4 129 11.4 128 2.3
      PM01-N2-08 95 1 223 1 140 1.07 0.048 4 0.003 5 0.134 5 0.008 8 0.019 9 0.000 3 120 159.2 128 7.9 127 2.0
      PM01-N2-09 122 1 665 1 118 1.49 0.047 9 0.003 8 0.125 1 0.009 9 0.019 1 0.000 3 95 238.9 120 8.9 122 2.1
      PM01-N2-10 76 1 000 893 1.12 0.045 2 0.004 1 0.135 6 0.011 2 0.019 7 0.000 4 129 10.0 126 2.3
      PM01-N2-11 52 645 643 1.00 0.049 0 0.002 1 0.134 1 0.005 4 0.019 9 0.000 2 146 100.0 128 4.8 127 1.4
      PM01-N2-12 139 1 850 1787 1.04 0.048 0 0.003 6 0.135 9 0.009 4 0.020 2 0.000 3 102 231.5 129 8.4 129 2.1
      PM01-N2-17 108 1 459 1013 1.44 0.046 9 0.004 8 0.135 0 0.011 6 0.020 1 0.000 3 56 220.3 129 10.4 128 2.0
      PM01-N7流纹岩
      PM01-N7-01 73 970 624 1.55 0.049 1 0.002 4 0.129 8 0.006 5 0.019 3 0.000 3 154 116.7 124 5.9 123 1.7
      PM01-N7-02 56 675 655 1.03 0.047 7 0.003 6 0.135 2 0.008 8 0.020 1 0.000 3 83 170.3 129 7.9 128 2.2
      PM01-N7-03 60 769 670 1.15 0.044 9 0.003 6 0.132 2 0.010 1 0.019 8 0.000 3 error 126 9.1 127 2.2
      PM01-N7-05 61 760 662 1.15 0.045 5 0.003 4 0.142 1 0.010 0 0.021 0 0.000 3 error 135 8.9 134 2.1
      PM01-N7-09 45 533 464 1.15 0.050 2 0.002 6 0.143 0 0.007 7 0.020 5 0.000 2 206 122.2 136 6.9 131 1.5
      PM01-N7-11 74 975 857 1.14 0.046 4 0.005 2 0.135 0 0.013 1 0.020 3 0.000 4 17 316.6 129 11.7 129 2.5
      PM01-N7-14 193 2 373 2 304 1.03 0.047 9 0.003 8 0.129 0 0.009 1 0.019 2 0.000 3 100 233.3 123 8.2 122 1.8
      PM01-N7-15 50 603 651 0.93 0.048 4 0.003 1 0.132 4 0.008 4 0.019 9 0.000 3 117 144.4 126 7.5 127 1.6
      PM01-N7-16 107 1 254 903 1.39 0.048 7 0.002 4 0.135 7 0.006 3 0.020 1 0.000 2 200 119.4 129 5.7 128 1.4
      PM01-N7-17 11 159 181 0.88 0.047 6 0.002 4 0.136 7 0.006 3 0.020 6 0.000 2 83 114.8 130 5.6 131 1.6
      PM01-N7-19 101 1 280 1 008 1.27 0.048 5 0.003 1 0.127 2 0.007 5 0.019 0 0.000 3 124 209.2 122 6.8 121 1.8
      PM01-N7-20 154 2 083 1 706 1.22 0.046 6 0.003 3 0.138 4 0.008 6 0.020 5 0.000 3 33 157.4 132 7.7 131 2.1
      PM05-N1流纹岩
      PM05-N1-01 58 559 684 0.82 0.047 2 0.004 0 0.133 0 0.010 6 0.019 9 0.000 3 61 194.4 127 9.5 127 2.1
      PM05-N1-02 77 753 761 0.99 0.047 7 0.003 7 0.139 7 0.010 1 0.020 5 0.000 3 87 174.0 133 9.0 131 1.9
      PM05-N1-03 22 229 305 0.75 0.038 7 0.006 0 0.130 5 0.015 9 0.019 1 0.000 4 125 14.3 122 2.3
      PM05-N1-04 40 379 440 0.86 0.045 7 0.004 1 0.135 3 0.010 7 0.020 0 0.000 4 129 9.6 128 2.5
      PM05-N1-05 130 1 453 810 1.79 0.049 4 0.003 3 0.137 2 0.008 7 0.020 0 0.000 3 169 38.9 131 7.7 128 1.6
      PM05-N1-06 49 550 476 1.16 0.045 5 0.003 9 0.132 6 0.010 9 0.019 6 0.000 3 126 9.8 125 2.1
      PM05-N1-07 28 298 270 1.10 0.044 1 0.006 8 0.134 5 0.018 3 0.020 0 0.000 5 128 16.3 128 2.9
      PM05-N1-08 65 671 587 1.14 0.047 2 0.004 2 0.139 3 0.010 6 0.020 3 0.000 3 58 200.0 132 9.4 129 2.2
      PM05-N1-09 54 565 468 1.21 0.046 5 0.004 3 0.130 7 0.011 1 0.019 7 0.000 5 33 201.8 125 9.9 126 2.9
      PM05-N1-10 32 287 299 0.96 0.045 5 0.006 0 0.128 2 0.014 3 0.019 8 0.000 4 122 12.9 127 2.8
      PM05-N1-11 112 1 239 961 1.29 0.048 1 0.002 9 0.134 8 0.007 7 0.020 2 0.000 3 106 133.3 128 6.9 129 1.7
      PM05-N1-12 44 461 474 0.97 0.048 6 0.004 1 0.139 6 0.010 4 0.020 2 0.000 3 132 185.2 133 9.3 129 2.0
      PM05-N1-13 33 325 322 1.01 0.044 0 0.005 8 0.132 2 0.015 0 0.019 2 0.000 4 126 13.5 122 2.3
      PM05-N1-14 192 2 144 1 621 1.32 0.048 8 0.001 9 0.134 0 0.005 3 0.019 9 0.000 2 200 92.6 128 4.8 127 1.3
      PM05-N1-15 82 863 850 1.02 0.047 0 0.002 9 0.126 8 0.007 7 0.019 4 0.000 3 56 131.5 121 6.9 124 1.6
      PM05-N1-16 28 310 274 1.13 0.044 5 0.006 8 0.129 3 0.017 1 0.018 9 0.000 5 123 15.3 121 3.4
      PM05-N1-18 78 865 683 1.27 0.047 4 0.004 2 0.126 4 0.010 6 0.018 8 0.000 4 78 187.0 121 9.6 120 2.8
      PM05-N1-19 62 676 598 1.13 0.048 8 0.005 9 0.129 7 0.014 2 0.018 6 0.000 4 139 259.2 124 12.8 119 2.3
      PM05-N1-20 111 1 136 1 209 0.94 0.047 8 0.002 4 0.131 6 0.006 4 0.019 9 0.000 2 100 111.1 125 5.7 127 1.5
      PM05-N1-21 236 2 898 2 941 0.99 0.049 5 0.003 5 0.137 9 0.009 2 0.020 0 0.000 3 169 159.2 131 8.2 128 1.7
      PM05-N1-22 124 1 316 1 524 0.86 0.046 7 0.003 3 0.123 9 0.009 0 0.019 1 0.000 4 35 159.2 119 8.1 122 2.3
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  早白垩世火山岩全岩主量(%)、微量(10-6)和稀土元素(10-6)分析结果

      Table  2.   Major elements (%), trace elements (10-6) and rare earth elements (10-6) results of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks

      岩性 玄武安山岩 粗面安山岩 流纹岩
      样品 D1651-H1 D1651-H2 PM01-H6 PM01-H8 PM01-H7 PM01-H12 PM01-H1 PM01-H2 PM05-H1 PM05-H2 PM05-H3
      SiO2 55.79 56.15 56.48 55.76 57.82 57.44 71.36 71.96 72.57 78.37 78.78
      TiO2 0.90 0.89 1.41 1.36 1.21 1.34 0.35 0.36 0.32 0.11 0.14
      Al2O3 16.97 16.86 17.44 17.86 17.16 17.14 15.34 15.48 15.96 12.93 13.51
      Fe2O3 8.08 7.93 8.17 8.04 7.47 7.29 2.14 2.22 2.90 2.04 0.91
      MnO 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.14 0.18 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.01
      MgO 3.82 3.58 3.23 3.94 2.36 2.88 0.66 0.61 0.28 0.26 0.33
      CaO 5.54 6.20 3.44 3.40 4.35 3.11 1.06 0.48 0.10 0.06 0.10
      Na2O 3.72 3.56 3.94 3.38 4.62 4.49 3.90 4.42 0.16 0.08 0.12
      K2O 1.82 1.66 1.87 2.11 1.50 2.16 2.38 2.18 4.28 3.95 3.76
      P2O5 0.20 0.22 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.03
      LOI 2.94 2.70 3.40 3.54 2.92 3.45 2.54 2.02 3.26 2.09 2.26
      Total 99.91 99.89 99.90 99.92 99.92 99.85 99.95 99.95 99.90 99.96 99.94
      K+Na 5.54 5.22 5.81 5.49 6.12 6.65 6.28 6.60 4.44 4.03 3.88
      K/Na 0.49 0.47 0.47 0.62 0.32 0.48 0.61 0.49 26.75 47.59 31.33
      A/CNK 0.93 0.89 1.18 1.27 1.00 1.11 1.40 1.47 3.14 2.86 3.04
      A/NK 2.10 2.20 2.05 2.28 1.86 1.76 1.71 1.61 3.26 2.93 3.17
      Mg# 48.36 47.21 43.92 49.26 38.49 43.90 37.92 35.25 16.06 20.16 41.80
      La 28.3 28.4 32.2 29.2 32.0 31.7 44.1 41.8 55.2 46.9 67.1
      Ce 54.1 54.8 64.4 60.3 65.5 62.2 83.5 78.2 115.0 91.5 124
      Pr 6.3 6.3 8.2 7.5 8.0 7.9 9.3 8.9 12.5 11.3 14.6
      Nd 24.4 24.3 33.3 30.2 32.4 32.5 33.7 31.9 47.0 42.2 52.5
      Sm 5.0 5.0 7.3 6.6 7.1 7.3 6.1 5.8 9.6 8.5 9.7
      Eu 1.4 1.3 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.2
      Gd 5.2 5.1 7.8 7.0 7.2 7.8 5.3 5.3 9.1 7.9 8.2
      Tb 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.2
      Dy 5.2 5.2 7.6 6.7 7.1 7.3 5.4 5.3 8.6 7.6 7.1
      Ho 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.4
      Er 3.2 3.1 4.6 4.0 4.3 4.3 3.5 3.6 5.1 4.6 4.0
      Tm 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6
      Yb 3.1 3.0 4.4 3.8 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.9 5.2 4.4 3.8
      Lu 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5
      ΣREE 138.8 139.3 175.8 160.7 173.2 171.2 199 189 273 230 296
      Eu/Eu* 0.86 0.82 0.87 0.84 0.83 0.85 0.67 0.75 0.48 0.33 0.42
      (La/Yb)N 6.51 6.59 5.21 5.45 5.53 5.30 8.04 7.52 7.52 7.43 12.52
      (La/Gd)N 4.58 4.70 3.50 3.51 3.74 3.42 6.96 6.68 5.14 5.00 6.89
      (Gd/Yb)N 1.42 1.40 1.49 1.55 1.48 1.55 1.15 1.13 1.46 1.49 1.82
      Sc 22.8 22.2 17.8 17.8 14.5 15.9 3.9 3.8 10.6 5.8 6.6
      V 188.0 189.0 123.0 119.0 84.6 106.0 6.6 6.9 22.4 1.9 3.3
      Cr 20.2 28.3 5.0 3.4 1.2 1.8 0.9 1.8 12.5 1.0 1.6
      Co 22.3 22.4 15.8 15.2 10.1 12.0 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.2
      Ni 8.4 12.3 3.5 3.3 1.8 2.8 1.0 0.6 2.1 0.5 0.6
      Ga 18.1 17.9 20.3 19.2 18.2 19.1 17.1 17.4 21.5 21.6 17.0
      Rb 45.9 34.9 90.8 101.0 69.1 78.9 124.0 99.7 185.0 204.0 189.0
      Sr 357.0 356.0 393.0 348.0 375.0 580.0 128.0 176.0 12.9 9.3 11.6
      Y 27.6 27.0 40.6 35.2 37.1 38.8 30.8 31.1 42.8 39.7 36.1
      Zr 149.0 147.0 180.0 170.0 187.0 182.0 254.0 256.0 310.0 181.0 227.0
      Nb 6.5 6.4 9.4 8.9 9.7 9.5 11.8 11.6 17.7 15.4 15.8
      Cs 2.9 2.2 3.3 4.5 2.3 2.6 3.5 2.6 6.6 2.5 4.6
      Ba 598.0 525.0 376.0 414.0 369.0 736.0 292.0 308.0 631.0 342.0 450.0
      Hf 4.4 4.4 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.2 6.7 6.7 9.4 7.4 7.5
      Ta 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.3
      Pb 7.6 8.4 7.2 4.9 20.1 10.6 27.2 46.2 15.6 2.5 2.3
      Th 8.6 8.4 8.7 8.0 9.2 8.6 16.3 15.9 31.3 35.4 25.1
      U 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 2.7 2.6 4.5 2.9 3.5
      下载: 导出CSV
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    • 收稿日期:  2018-03-12
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