Formation Age and Tectonic Setting of Iron-Bearing Formation in Huai'an Complex, North China Craton
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摘要: 华北克拉通北部的怀安杂岩中分布着一些呈团块状、透镜状或似层状产出的含BIF岩石组合.相对于华北克拉通绿岩带，研究区内的含BIF岩石组合具有规模小、岩性复杂多样以及后期叠加强烈的变质-变形改造等特点，其研究程度较低.在野外地质填图的基础上，通过岩石学、同位素年代学、地球化学研究表明：（1）天镇-怀安地区的含BIF岩石组合主要由条带状（含辉石/角闪）磁铁石英岩、变质基性火山岩（二辉麻粒岩/含辉石斜长角闪岩/高压麻粒岩）、石榴黑云斜长片麻岩和少量石榴石英岩条带或团块组成，这些岩石彼此呈夹层或互层状伴生产出；天镇-怀安地区BIF矿体规模小、与变质火山岩密切共生等特征表明其属于Algoma型.（2）条带状（含辉石/角闪）磁铁石英岩中残留的中-基性火成岩锆石年龄（2 489±19 Ma）可代表含BIF岩石组合的形成时代，并经历了1 800~1 850 Ma变质作用叠加改造.（3）含BIF岩石组合中火山岩地球化学特征显示Rb、Ba、U、Pb等元素富集和Nb、Ta等元素亏损，结合微量元素蛛网图和稀土配分模式对比认为其产出构造背景为弧后盆地，铁矿石PAAS标准化稀土配分图解具有明显Eu正异常，表明与海底热液活动密切相关.Abstract: Iron-bearing formations (BIFs) in lumpy, lenticular or stratified forms frequently occur in the Huai'an Complex, North China Craton. Compared with BIFs in greenstone belts on North China Craton, the iron-bearing formation with characteristics of small scale, complicated lithology, and high-grade metamorphism-deformation in the study area has rarely been studied. Petrology, geochronology and geochemical studies on the basis of field survey have been conducted, and it is concluded:(1) The iron-bearing formations in Tianzhen-Huai'an area are comprised of banded (perilla/amphibole) magnetic quartzite, metamorphic basic volcanic rock (two-pyroxene granulite/plagioclase amphibolites/high-pressure granulite), garnet-biotite-plagiogneiss, and a few garnet-quartzite strips or lumps, and these rocks are intercalated or symbiotic with each other. Characteristics of being small in scale, closely symbiotic with metamorphic volcanic rocks suggesting BIF ore in Tianzhen-Huai'an area belongs to Algoma type. (2) The age (2 489±19 Ma) of residual intermediate-basic igneous zircons in banded (perilla/amphibole) magnetic quartzite may represent the formation age of the BIFs in Tianzhen-Huai'an area, which afterwards underwent the 1 800-1 850 Ma metamorphism. (3) The geochemical characteristics of metamorphic volcanic rocks of iron-bearing formations show enrichment in elements Rb, Ba, U, Pb, and depletion in elements Nb and Ta. It is concluded the iron-bearing formations are closely related to seabed hydrothermal activity formed in back-arc basin according to the patterns of trace elements and rare earth distribution of metamorphic volcanic rocks and positive anomality of Eu in PAAS normalized rare earth elements distribution pattern of iron ore.
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Key words:
- Tianzhen-Huai'an area /
- iron-bearing formation /
- U-Pb dating /
- geochemistry /
- petrology
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图 1 天镇-怀安地区地质简图
图据Han et al.(2017)和张家辉等(2019)修改
Fig. 1. Geological sketch of the Tianzhen-Huai'an area
图 2 BIF在TTG围岩中的产出形态以及BIF岩石组合的主要岩石特征
a.条带状磁铁石英岩呈透镜体产出；b.条带状磁铁石英岩呈似层状产出；c.残留的长条状铁矿采坑；d.石榴黑云斜长片麻岩中夹层状BIF铁矿；e.二辉麻粒岩的“石香肠”构造；f.含BIF岩石组合与围岩的构造接触界线；g.条带状磁铁石英岩；h.二辉麻粒岩；i.高压麻粒岩；j.石榴黑云斜长片麻岩；k.磁铁石英岩中角闪石呈填隙状分布于磁铁矿条带中；l.磁铁石英岩中的紫苏辉石
Fig. 2. Occurrence of BIF in TTG and petrographic characteristics of the main lithology of BIF-bearing assemblage
图 3 TTG及含BIF岩石组合主要岩石的镜下特征
a.含辉石英云闪长质片麻岩镜下特征(+)；b.二辉麻粒岩镜下特征(+)；c.斜长角闪岩镜下特征(+)；d.含辉石角闪磁铁石英岩(弱定向)；e.条带状含辉石角闪磁铁石英岩；f.强条带状含辉石角闪磁铁石英岩
Fig. 3. Microscopic characteristics of TTG and main lithology of BIF-bearing assemblage
图 4 样品16YG-2、16LJG-1、16YG-3锆石CL照相及测试点位
图中比例尺为50μm
Fig. 4. CL images and laser-ablated spots of zircons from samples 16YG-2, 16LJG-1 and 16YG-3
图 5 样品16YG-2、16LJG-1、16YG-3锆石U-Pb谐和图
Fig. 5. Zircon U-Pb concodia diagrams for samples 16YG-2, 16LJG-1 and 16YG-3
图 6 与铁矿共生的变质火山岩Nb/Yb-Zr/TiO2图解(a)、Fe2O3T/TiO2-Al2O3-MgO图解(b)以及原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(c)、球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图解(d)
图a据Winchester and Floyd(1977)；图b据Jensen(1976)；图c据Sun and McDonough(1989)；图d据Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 6. Nb/Yb-Zr/TiO2 diagram (a), Fe2O3T/TiO2-Al2O3-MgO diagram (b), primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams (c) and chondrite-normalized REE patterns (d) for the metamorphic volcanic rocks of BIF-bearing rock assemblage
图 7 铁矿石稀土元素PAAS标准化配分图解
PAAS标准化值据McLennan(1989)
Fig. 7. PAAS-normalized REE patterns for the ores of BIF-bearing rock assemblage
图 8 来自16YG-2样品中部分火山岩锆石年龄测点
Fig. 8. Cathodoluminscene image and laser-ablated spots of zircons from volcanic rocks from sample 16YG-2
图 9 与铁矿共生的变质火山岩样品Th/Yb-Ta/Yb图解(a)和Y/15-La/10-Nb/8图解(b)
图a据Pearce(1982)；图b据Cabanis and Lecolle(1989)
Fig. 9. Th/Yb-Ta/Yb diagram (a) and Y/15-La/10-Nb/8 diagram (b) for the metamorphic volcanic rocks of BIF-bearing rock assemblage
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