Deformation Characteristics and Seismic Wave Anisotropy of Amphibole in Amphibolite from Red River-Ailao Shan Shear Zone
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摘要: 角闪岩作为中下地壳的重要物质组成，其岩石和矿物的变形行为及力学强度表现直接制约着中下地壳力学属性与状态，因此开展对其中重要组成矿物角闪石的变形行为和地震波各向异性研究，具有重要地质意义.以红河-哀牢山剪切带中出露的变形角闪岩中角闪石为研究对象，其中显微构造分析表明，变形角闪岩分别呈现出粗、中粒条带状糜棱岩和细粒条带状超糜棱岩.分别对这3种变形岩石中的角闪石矿物颗粒进行了EBSD晶格优选定向分析和地震波各向异性计算，结果表明3种变形角闪岩中的角闪石呈现出不同取向及典型晶质塑性变形特征，（100）[001]主要滑移系发育，同时发育不同程度的（010）[001]和（110）[001]次级滑移系.我们认为在剪切变形过程中，角闪石双晶滑移和解理面滑移共同作用致使角闪石细粒化.从粗粒到细粒条带状角闪石，随着角闪石颗粒粒度减小，角闪石中AVp也有逐渐变小的趋势，表明角闪石变形行为、形态优选定向及晶格优选定向共同影响着地震波各向异性.Abstract: Amphibolite is an important component in middle to lower crustal rocks, and the deformation behavior and mechanical strength of rocks and minerals in it control the mechanical properties and state of middle to lower crustal rocks directly, so it's quite meaningful to study amphibole's deformation behavior and seismic anisotropy. we took deformed amphibolite from Red River-Ailao Shan shear zone as our studying object. Microstructure analysis of amphibolite shows three types of mylonites:coarse-grained banded mylonite, medium-grained banded mylonite and fine-grained banded ultramylonite. we carried out EBSD crystal preferred orientation analysis and seismic anisotropy calculation of three types of amphibole respectively. Results show that these three types of amphiboles have different initial orientations and typical crystal plastic deformation, (100)[001] is the dominant slip system, furthermore, two secondary slip systems (010)[001] and (110)[001] are also developed. It is concluded that in the process of shear deformation amphibole's twin slip and cleavage plane slip contribute to the grain size reduction together. As amphibole's grain size become finer from coarse-grained banded mylonite to fine-grained banded ultramylonite, AVps of amphiboles also tend to be smaller, it indicates that amphibole's deformation behavior, shape preferred orientation and crystal preferred orientation affect its seismic wave anisotropy together.
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图 1 东南亚地区(a)以及红河-哀牢山剪切带地质简图(b)
Fig. 1. Tectonic outline of Southeast Asia (a) and simplified geological map of the Red River-Ailao Shan shear zone (b)
图 2 不同糜棱岩宏观露头照片
a.长英质混合岩，黑云母和长石发生强烈塑性变形；b.闪长质糜棱岩，具有长石、黑云母、角闪石定向拉长形成的矿物拉伸线理；c.花岗质糜棱岩，其中钾长石形成σ残斑，指示左行剪切；d.黑云斜长片麻岩，黑云母富集呈薄层，且可见大颗粒长石残斑；e.初糜棱岩化斜长角闪岩，角闪石颗粒粒度粗大，弱定向性，且有长石变形残斑出现；f.斜长角闪岩表现为条带状，其矿物拉伸线理与糜棱叶理发育；g.强烈糜棱岩化的斜长角闪岩，其中斜长石变形强烈形成条带状；h.超糜棱岩化斜长角闪岩，无明显角闪石变形残斑，有残缕状长石脉体定向排列
Fig. 2. Outcrop photos of different mylonites
图 3 角闪石矿物晶体及不同取向切面示意
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of amphibole crystal and its sections of two different orientations
图 4 不同类型角闪质岩石显微照片
a, b.粗粒条带状角闪质岩石，角闪石颗粒粗大，长轴强烈定向，具有不同解理和形态的角闪石类型，并可见有机械双晶出现；c, d.中粒条带状角闪质岩石、具有两种不同取向角闪石，且角闪石颗粒更为细长；e, f.细粒条带状角闪质岩石，角闪石呈细颗粒条带状，不可见角闪石解理，并具有旋转变形特征；a, c, e, f为正交偏光，b, d.为单偏光；Amp.角闪石; Mag.磁铁矿; Pl.斜长石; Qtz.石英; Chl.绿泥石
Fig. 4. Microscopic photographs of different amphibolites
图 5 R-φ关系
a.粗粒条带状角闪石；b.中粒条带状角闪石；c.细粒条带状角闪石；R为横纵轴比，φ为角闪石颗粒长轴与线理方向夹角，逆时针方向为正；蓝色三角表示单个角闪石矿物颗粒
Fig. 5. R-φ relationship diagrams
图 6 不同粒度条带状角闪质岩石中角闪石EBSD组构极密图
a.粗粒条带状角闪石；b.中粒条带状角闪石；c.细粒条带状角闪石；采用下半球等面积赤平投影
Fig. 6. EBSD pole figures of amphiboles in amphibolites with different grain sizes
图 7 不同粒度条带状角闪质岩石中角闪石EBSD组构反极密图
a.粗粒条带状角闪石；b.中粒条带状角闪石；c.细粒条带状角闪石；采用下半球等面积赤平投影
Fig. 7. EBSD inverse pole figures of amphiboles in amphibolites with different grain sizes
图 8 三种不同粒度条带状角闪石电子背散射图像以及角闪石取向差角度分布频率
a.粗粒条带状角闪石；b.中粒条带状角闪石; c.细粒条带状角闪石
Fig. 8. BSE images and misorientation angle frequency distributions of three different size banded amphiboles
图 9 地震波波速与各向异性
a.粗粒条带状角闪石; b.中粒条带状角闪石; c.细粒条带状角闪石; 黑色正方形为最大值点，白色圆形为最小值点
Fig. 9. Seismic wave velocity and anisotropy
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