云南姚安Au-Pb-Ag矿床含矿富碱岩浆岩地球化学特征及岩石成因

罗晨皓; 周晔; 沈阳

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2019.125

云南姚安Au-Pb-Ag矿床含矿富碱岩浆岩地球化学特征及岩石成因

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.125

罗晨皓^1,2, ,,
周晔^1,2,
沈阳^1,2

1.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
2.
中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037

基金项目:

国家重点研究发展计划 2016YFC0600310

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20160024-07

详细信息

作者简介:
罗晨皓(1992-), 男, 硕士研究生, 岩石学、矿物学、矿床学专业

中图分类号: P591
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-20
- 刊出日期: 2019-06-15

The Geochemical Characteristics and Petrogenesis of the Mineralized AlkaliRich Magmatic Rock in Yao' an Au-Pb-Ag Deposit, Yunnan Province

Luo Chenhao^{1,2
,
,},
Zhou Ye^1,2,
Shen Yang^1,2

1.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

摘要

摘要: 通过锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb和锆石Hf同位素测试, 对滇西姚安Au-Pb-Ag矿床含矿正长斑岩和粗面岩的地球化学特征进行了分析, 系统探讨了其岩浆起源和演化过程.正长斑岩和粗面岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为33.8±0.42 Ma和33.9±0.60 Ma, 它们与同时代滇西镁铁质火山岩和煌斑岩具有相似的稀土和微量元素配分模式和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成, 而与区内同时代加厚地壳来源的富碱埃达克质岩石存在Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素组成的明显差异.全岩SiO₂与主微量元素关系指示正长斑岩和粗面岩总体上可由矿区内同时代的基性岩浆岩分异演化而来, 表明它们与这些基性岩浆岩起源相似, 较高的Rb/Sr(≥ 0.1)和较低的Ba/Rb(< 20)比值, 指示其源区为富金云母富集地幔, 较低的εHf和古老的模式年龄暗示源区的交代富集发生在中元古代.姚安富碱岩浆活动与矿化关系密切.正长斑岩和粗面岩较滇西镁铁质火山岩和煌斑岩具有稍高的初始Pb同位素组成, 暗示岩浆可能遭受了地壳混染, 从而提高了母岩浆中的金属含量, 增强了岩浆成矿潜力; 适中的氧逸度利于Au富集; 角闪石分离结晶和较多黑云母发育指示母岩浆含水量较高, 利于成矿流体的形成.这些特征综合起来为矿化发育提供了有利条件.
- 姚安 /
- 富碱岩浆岩 /
- 岩浆源区 /
- 岩石成因 /
- Au-Pb富集 /
- 岩石学 /
- 矿床
Abstract: Newly-determined zircon U-Pb ages, whole rock major and trace elements, Sr-Nd-Pb and zircon Hf isotope data, are used to firstly examine the geochemical characteristics of the ore-related syenite porphyry and trachyte in the Yao' an Au-Pb-Ag deposit, western Yunnan, and then to systematically discuss the origin and evolution processes of the parental magmas in this paper. The zircon U -Pb ages of the syenite porphyry and trachyte in the Yao' an Au -Pb -Ag deposit respectively are 33.8±0.42 Ma and 33.9±0.60 Ma. And their patterns of trace elements and REE, and the Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes, are very similar to the contemporary mafic volcanic rocks and lamprophyre from the western Yunnan, but obviously different from the contemporary alkali-rich adakitic rocks in the western Yangtze craton. The relationships of SiO₂ contents with major and trace element contents of the whole-rocks indicate that magmas for the syenite porphyry and trachyte could be formed by differentiation of the contemporary mafic magmas in the diggings. This implies that syenite porphyry and trachyte may have similar source to the mafic magmas. High Rb/Sr(≥ 0.1) and low Ba/Rb(< 20) ratios of the syenite porphyry and trachyte indicate that they were derived from a metasomatized enriched mantle source with abundant phlogopite. And the low εHf and the old model age of the rocks indicate that the metasomatism of the source region might happen in Mesoproterozoic. The alkali-rich magmation in Yao' an is closely related with the mineralization. The syenite porphyry and trachyte of Yao' an have a higher initial Pb isotopic composition than the mafic volcanic rocks and lamprophyre from the western Yunnan, which implies that some degrees of the crustal contamination might occur during evolution process of the magmas which could increase the metal contents of the magma and enhance the mineralization potential of the magmas. The moderate oxygen fugacity of the magmas in favour of the Au enrichment. And the obvious fractional crystallization of hornblende and the formation of abundant biotite indicate that the primary magmas were very hydrous, which facilitated the formation of oreforming fluids. All of these features could provide advantageous conditions for the mineralization in the Yao' an deposit.
- Yao' an /
- alkali-rich magmatic rock /
- source /
- petrogenesis /
- mineralization of Au-Pb /
- petrology /
- deposits

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图 1 (a) 青藏高原东缘区域构造图; (b)滇西地区新生代富碱岩浆岩及相关矿床分布简图

改编自Lu et al. (2013a)

Fig. 1. (a) The tectonic map of the eastern Tibet Plateau, and (b) the distribution of the alkali-rich magmatic rocks and associated deposits in western Yunnan

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图 2 姚安Au-Pb-Ag矿地质简图

Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of the Yao' an AU-Pb-Ag deposit

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图 3 角砾岩Pb矿石手标本(a)及显微照片(b)

Py.黄铁矿; Gn.方铅矿

Fig. 3. Photograph of the brecciaed Pb ore (a) and its photomicrograph (b)

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图 4 脉状金矿石手标本(a), 网脉状-浸染状金矿石手标本(b)及显微照片(c和d)

Py.黄铁矿; Hem.镜铁矿

Fig. 4. Photograph of the vein gold ore (a) and the stock work disseminated gold ore (b) and its photomicrograph (c, d)

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图 5 正长斑岩和粗面岩照片图

a.样品照片; b.单偏光显微照片; c.正交偏光显微照片.粗面岩: d.样品照片; e.单偏光显微照片; f.正交偏光显微照片; Or.正长石; Bi.黑云母; Am.角闪石; Qtz.石英

Fig. 5. Photograph of the syenite porphyry and the trachy

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图 6 正长斑岩CL照片(a)和U-Pb同位素年龄谐和图(b); 粗面岩CL照片(c)和U-Pb同位素年龄谐和图(d)

Fig. 6. Cathodoluminescence photograph (CL) of the zircon (a), and zircon U-Pb concordia diagram (b) for the syenite porphy- ry; cathodeluminescence photograph (CL) of the zircon (c), and zircon U-Pb concordia diagram (d) for the trachyte

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图 7 姚安富碱岩浆岩地球化学分类图解

a.SiO₂-K₂O+Na₂O关系图(岩浆岩TAS图解); b.SiO₂-K₂O关系图; c.A/CNK-SiO₂关系图; 滇西新生代加厚地壳埃达克质侵入岩范围引自Lu et al.(2013a); 滇西煌斑岩数据引自Lu et al.(2015); 滇西镁铁质火山岩数据引自Guo et al. (2005)

Fig. 7. Geochemical classification of the Yao' an alkali- rich magmatic rocks

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图 10 (a) 微量元素原始地幔标准化分配模式图; (b)稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分配模式图

滇西新生代加厚地壳埃达克质侵入岩范围引自Lu et al.(2013a); 滇西煌斑岩范围引自Lu et al.(2015); 滇西镁铁质火山岩范围引自Guo et al.(2005)

Fig. 10. (a) Primitive mantle - normalized trace element diagram and (b) chondrite - normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns for the Yao' an alkali-rich magmatic rocks

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图 11 (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i-ε_Nd(t)关系图(a), ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i关系图(b), ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb关系图(c), ²⁰⁶Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb关系图(d)

Fig. 11. Diagrams of (a) (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i vs. ε_Nd(t), (b)²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i, (c)²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and (d) ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb

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图 12 U-Pb同位素年龄-ε_Hf(t)关系图

滇西新生代加厚地壳埃达克质侵入岩范围引自Lu et al.(2013a)

Fig. 12. Diagram of U-Pb isotopic ages vs. ε_Hf(t)

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图 8 主量元素-SiO₂协变关系图(Hark)

滇西新生代加厚地壳埃达克质侵入岩范围引自Lu et al.(2013a); 滇西煌斑岩数据引自Lu et al.(2015); 滇西镁铁质火山岩数据引自Guo et al.(2005); 加厚地壳源埃达克质岩类参考范围引自Wang et al.(2006)

Fig. 8. Major element vs. SiO₂ diagram (Hark)

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图 9 (a) SiO₂-Ni关系图; (b)SiO₂-Cr关系图; (c)SiO₂-(La/Sm)_N关系图; (d)SiO₂-(Dy/Yb)_N关系图

Fig. 9. (a) Ni vs. SiO₂, (b) Cr vs. SiO₂, (c) (La/Sm)_N vs. SiO₂, and (d) (Dy/Yb)_N vs. SiO₂ diagrams

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图 13 (a) Y-Sr/Y关系图; (b) Yb-La/Yb关系图

引自Lu et al.(2013a), 虚线代表不同残余相的岩浆部分熔融变化趋势, 数值单位, %; 滇西新生代加厚地壳埃达克质侵入岩范围引自Lu et al.(2013a); 滇西镁铁质火山岩范围引自Guo et al.(2005)

Fig. 13. Diagrams of (a) Y vs. Sr/Y, (b) Yb vs. La/Yb

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图 14 源区富金云母/角闪石及部分熔融等级判别图解

滇西煌斑岩数据引自Lu et al.(2015); 滇西镁铁质火山岩数据引自Guo et al.(2005)

Fig. 14. Determination for discrimination between phlogopite enriched and hornblende enriched source and for judgement of degrees of partial melting

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图 15 岩浆混合作用判别

姚安煌斑岩数据引自Lu et al.(2015); 扬子克拉通古老基底端元数据引自Gao et al.(1999); 黄色实线代表两端元的混合趋势, 实线旁边的数字代表了岩浆混合过程中姚安煌斑岩所占的比例(%)

Fig. 15. Discrimination of magmatic mixing

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表 1 姚安富碱岩浆岩成岩时代统计

Table 1. Summary of ages of Yao' an alkali-rich magmatic rocks

岩石类型(定名)	分析方法	年龄(Ma)	资料来源
花岗正长斑岩	黑云母K-Ar同位素	36	张玉泉等, 1987
正长岩/正长斑岩	钾长石K-Ar同位素	34.0~34.9	程锦等, 2007
碱性花岗斑岩	钾长石K-Ar同位素	31.3
粗面岩	黑云母K-Ar同位素	33.5
黑云母花岗斑岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素	36.86~40.41	李勇等, 2011
黑云母角闪正长斑岩	LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素	31.8	李勇等, 2011
黑云母石英二长斑岩	SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素	33.4	Lu et al., 2012

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表 2 姚安正长斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素分析结果

Table 2. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb analytical data of the syenite porphyry at the Yao' an deposit

样品及分析点号	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb
样品及分析点号	(10^-6)	(10^-6)	(10^-6)	Th/U	比值	(%)	比值	(%)	比值	(%)	年龄(Ma)	(%)
YA15-1-12-1	8.1	1 693	1 771	1.27	0.044 2	4.8	0.032 0	6.6	0.005 3	4.6	33.8	1.6
YA15-1-12-2	13.7	3 621	2 957	1.01	0.044 6	5.6	0.033 0	7.1	0.005 4	4.4	34.5	1.5
YA15-1-12-3	4.5	753	1 028	0.99	0.046 3	11.0	0.032 0	12.0	0.005 0	4.4	32.2	1.5
YA15-1-12-4	5.4	891	1 169	0.98	0.043 5	6.9	0.031 6	8.2	0.005 3	4.4	33.9	1.5
YA15-1-12-5	4.2	953	976	0.87	0.046 6	7.7	0.032 2	8.8	0.005 0	4.4	32.2	1.4
YA15-1-12-6	9.3	1 609	2 038	0.84	0.045 3	10.0	0.033 0	11.0	0.005 3	4.4	34.0	1.5
YA15-1-12-7	2.3	488	514	0.82	0.048 4	6.7	0.034 0	8.1	0.005 1	4.5	32.7	1.5
YA15-1-12-8	7.2	1 371	1 635	0.8	0.047 5	6.3	0.033 6	7.7	0.005 1	4.5	33.0	1.5
YA15-1-12-9	7.9	1 20 4	1 785	0.79	0.046 3	4.8	0.032 7	6.5	0.005 1	4.4	32.9	1.5
YA15-1-12-10	5.4	808	1 234	0.76	0.045 3	10.0	0.031 4	11.0	0.005 0	4.4	32.4	1.5
YA15-1-12-11	7.8	1 188	1 737	0.76	0.048 7	2.3	0.035 0	4.9	0.005 2	4.4	33.5	1.5
YA15-1-12-12	2.5	426	581	0.71	0.050 6	5.1	0.034 8	6.7	0.005 0	4.5	32.1	1.5
YA15-1-12-13	10.2	1 446	1 876	0.71	0.054 0	26.0	0.040 0	27.0	0.005 4	4.7	34.5	1.6
YA15-1-12-14	7.3	1 033	1 646	0.7	0.040 6	7.8	0.028 4	8.9	0.005 1	4.4	32.6	1.5
YA15-1-12-15	3.1	582	715	0.68	0.044 8	10.0	0.031 2	11.0	0.005 1	4.5	32.5	1.5
YA15-1-12-16	6.5	967	1 404	0.68	0.048 1	4.1	0.035 6	6.0	0.005 4	4.4	34.6	1.5

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表 3 姚安粗面岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素分析结果

Table 3. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analytical data of the trachyte at the Yao' an deposit

样品及分析点号	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸Pb
样品及分析点号	(10^-6)	(10^-6)	(10^-6)	Th/U	比值	(%)	比值	(%)	比值	(%)	年龄(Ma)	(%)
FL17-3-3	25.4	625	787	0.79	0.047 5	0.001 9	0.035 8	0.001 7	0.005 5	0.000 2	35.2	1.2
FL17-3-4	54.0	1 397	1 189	1.17	0.045 7	0.001 6	0.034 2	0.001 6	0.005 4	0.000 2	34.9	1.2
FL17-3-5	58.0	1 502	1 734	0.87	0.047 2	0.001 3	0.034 4	0.001 5	0.005 3	0.000 2	34.0	1.3
FL17-3-6	56.1	1 458	1 549	0.94	0.048 0	0.003 9	0.035 1	0.003 5	0.005 3	0.000 2	34.0	1.4
FL17-3-7	15.1	379	440	0.86	0.048 3	0.002 6	0.035 5	0.002 1	0.005 3	0.000 2	34.3	1.3
FL17-3-8	77.0	2 135	1 807	1.18	0.047 3	0.001 3	0.033 3	0.001 3	0.005 1	0.000 2	32.8	1.0
FL17-3-9	30.7	833	401	2.08	0.049 1	0.002 9	0.035 8	0.002 4	0.005 3	0.000 2	34.0	1.3
FL17-3-10	83.0	2 374	873	2.72	0.047 8	0.002 0	0.033 9	0.001 7	0.005 1	0.000 2	33.1	1.2
FL17-3-11	68.0	1 853	1 898	0.98	0.047 5	0.001 4	0.033 4	0.001 4	0.005 1	0.000 2	32.7	1.1
FL17-3-12	59.0	1 555	1 273	1.22	0.047 5	0.001 4	0.035 1	0.001 4	0.005 4	0.000 2	34.4	1.0
FL17-3-13	23.1	594	513	1.16	0.049 3	0.002 7	0.035 8	0.002 0	0.005 3	0.000 2	34.0	1.2
FL17-3-14	57.0	1 452	1 314	1.1	0.048 9	0.001 6	0.035 7	0.001 4	0.005 3	0.000 2	34.0	1.0
FL17-3-15	39.5	1 003	860	1.17	0.047 4	0.001 7	0.035 4	0.001 6	0.005 4	0.000 2	34.8	1.3
FL17-3-16	46.9	1 313	756	1.74	0.048 5	0.002 0	0.034 2	0.001 6	0.005 1	0.000 1	32.9	0.9

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表 4 姚安正长斑岩和粗面岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析结果

Table 4. Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data for the syenite porphyry and trachyte at the Yao' an deposit

样品编号	⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴Nd	¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd	I_Sr	t_DMC	ε_Nd(t)	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb
正长斑岩(33.8 Ma)
YAB15-1-3	0.361 1	0.708 9	0.111 8	0.512 0	0.708 8	1 852	-12.38	18.148 2	15.574 0	38.831 0
YAB15-1-12	0.399 6	0.709 0	0.115 4	0.512 0	0.7088	1 801	11.75	18.215 7	15.577 1	38.856 2
BMJ16-1-1	2.532 0	0.710 3	0.117 2	0.512 2	0.709 1	1 582	-9.04	18.127 0	15.585 2	38.900 5
粗面岩(34.0 Ma)
FL17-3-2	1.059 8	0.710 2	0.089 7	0.512 1	0.709 8	1 634	-9.67	18.325 2	15.640 8	39.029 6
FL17-4-1	1.058 4	0.710 3	0.087 5	0.512 1	0.709 8	1 618	-9.47	18.342 2	15.694 2	39.290 5
FL17-4-2	1.046 7	0.710 3	0.088 8	0.512 1	0.709 8	1 607	-9.34	18.369 6	15.720 0	39.361 4

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表 5 姚安正长斑岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果

Table 5. Zircon Lu-Hf isotope data for the syenite porphyry at the Yao' an deposit

样品号	年龄(Ma)	¹⁷⁶Yb	¹⁷⁶Lu	¹⁷⁶Hf	2σ	I_Hf	ε_Hf(0)	ε_Hf(t)	t_DM2
样品号	年龄(Ma)	¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁷Hf	2σ	I_Hf	ε_Hf(0)	ε_Hf(t)	t_DM2
YAB-15-1-12-1	32	0.064 166	0.001 323	0.282 427	0.000 024	0.282 400	-12.2	-11.5	1 845
YAB-15-1-12-2	34	0.029 201	0.000 678	0.282 495	0.000 021	0.282 500	-9.8	-9.1	1 691
YAB-15-1-12-3	34	0.036 129	0.000 923	0.282 457	0.000 018	0.282 500	-11.2	-10.4	1 776
YAB-15-1-12-4	32	0.034 037	0.000 828	0.282 471	0.000 015	0.282 500	-10.7	-10.0	1 745
YAB-15-1-12-5	34	0.054 991	0.001 149	0.282 539	0.000 019	0.282 500	-8.3	-7.5	1 593
YAB-15-1-12-6	32	0.038 756	0.000 858	0.282 464	0.000 021	0.282 500	-10.9	-10.2	1 761
YAB-15-1-12-7	35	0.051 998	0.001 369	0.282 464	0.000 016	0.282 500	-10.9	-10.2	1 761
YAB-15-1-12-8	33	0.031 344	0.000 685	0.282 524	0.000 022	0.282 500	-8.8	-8.1	1 627
YAB-15-1-12-9	33	0.053 240	0.001 232	0.282 511	0.000 019	0.282 500	-9.2	-8.5	1 656
YAB-15-1-12-10	33	0.045 195	0.001 130	0.282 505	0.000 020	0.282 500	-9.4	-8.7	1 669
YAB-15-1-12-11	32	0.035 083	0.000 847	0.282 519	0.000 019	0.282 500	-8.9	-8.2	1 637
YAB-15-1-12-12	35	0.038 377	0.000 897	0.282 448	0.000 018	0.282 400	-11.5	-10.8	1 796
YAB-15-1-12-13	32	0.109 911	0.002 172	0.282 488	0.000 025	0.282 500	-10.0	-9.4	1 709
YAB-15-1-12-14	34	0.034 789	0.000 878	0.282 470	0.000 018	0.282 500	-10.7	-10.0	1 748
YAB-15-1-12-15	33	0.036 939	0.000 935	0.282 516	0.000 020	0.282 500	-9.1	-8.4	1 646

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