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    拉萨地块东部米拉山地区中新世地层的特征及构造意义

    张博川 范建军 罗安波 于云鹏 郝宇杰

    张博川, 范建军, 罗安波, 于云鹏, 郝宇杰, 2019. 拉萨地块东部米拉山地区中新世地层的特征及构造意义. 地球科学, 44(7): 2392-2407. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.149
    引用本文: 张博川, 范建军, 罗安波, 于云鹏, 郝宇杰, 2019. 拉萨地块东部米拉山地区中新世地层的特征及构造意义. 地球科学, 44(7): 2392-2407. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.149
    Zhang Bochuan, Fan Jianjun, Luo Anbo, Yu Yunpeng, Hao Yujie, 2019. Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of the Miocene Strata in the Milashan Area, Eastern Lhasa Terrane. Earth Science, 44(7): 2392-2407. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.149
    Citation: Zhang Bochuan, Fan Jianjun, Luo Anbo, Yu Yunpeng, Hao Yujie, 2019. Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of the Miocene Strata in the Milashan Area, Eastern Lhasa Terrane. Earth Science, 44(7): 2392-2407. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.149

    拉萨地块东部米拉山地区中新世地层的特征及构造意义

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.149
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41872231

    国家自然科学基金项目 41702227

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20160026

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      张博川(1996-), 男, 硕士研究生, 构造地质学专业

      通讯作者:

      范建军

    • 中图分类号: P541

    Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of the Miocene Strata in the Milashan Area, Eastern Lhasa Terrane

    • 摘要: 中新世是拉萨地块增厚隆升的重要时期.本次报道了拉萨地块东部首次厘定的中新世地层,岩石类型包括流纹岩、英安岩、火山碎屑岩、黑曜岩和岩屑砂岩等,由3组喷发旋回构成.锆石U-Pb定年显示,该套地层形成于17.2~18.2 Ma.全岩地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析显示,地层中的流纹岩具有钾质火山岩的地球化学特征,同时兼具A型花岗岩的亲缘性,为古老中下地壳部分熔融的产物.英安岩具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特征,为增厚新生下地壳部分熔融的产物.米拉山钾质流纹岩和埃达克质英安岩野外共生,丰富了拉萨地块中新世岩浆岩的研究内容,为青藏高原中新世岩石圈减薄/拆沉模型提供了新的证据.

       

    • 图  1  藏南拉萨地块后碰撞岩浆活动分布(a)和米拉山地区地质简图(b)

      底图据刘栋(2017)修改;BNS.班公湖-怒江缝合带;SNMZ.狮泉河-纳木错蛇绿混杂岩带;LMF.洛巴堆-米拉山断裂;IYZS.雅鲁藏布江缝合带;STDS.藏南拆离系;MCT.主中央逆冲断裂;MBT.主边界逆冲断裂;1.晚石炭世-早二叠世松多岩组;2.二叠纪洋岛残片;3.早-中侏罗世叶巴组;4.晚侏罗世-早白垩世林布宗组;5.早白垩世楚木龙组;6.早白垩世塔克那组;7.晚白垩世设兴组;8.中新世地层第一旋回;9.中新世地层第二旋回;10.中新世地层第三旋回;11.全新世冲积物;12.早侏罗世花岗闪长岩;13.晚白垩世二长花岗岩;14.中新世花岗斑岩;15.火山机构;16.实测剖面;17.断层、不整合接触;18.采样位置

      Fig.  1.  The distribution of post-collision magmatism of Lhasa block, southern Tibet (a) and simplified geological map of Milashan area (b)

      图  2  米拉山中新世火山岩野外照片及显微照片(正交偏光)

      a.达弄多火山机构残余火山颈;b.流纹岩;c.英安岩;d. “球泡状”黑曜岩;e.流纹岩显微照片;f.英安岩显微照片;Qz.石英;Kfs.正长石

      Fig.  2.  Field photos and photomicrographs of Miocene volcanic rocks from Milashan area

      图  3  米拉山中新世地层剖面

      a.中新世地层第1旋回;b.中新世地层第2旋回;c.中新世地层第3旋回;1.流纹岩;2.黑曜岩;3.岩屑砂岩;4.流纹质晶屑凝灰岩;5.英安质晶屑凝灰岩;6.流纹质含角砾晶屑凝灰岩;7.英安质含角砾晶屑凝灰岩;8.流纹质火山角砾岩;9.英安质火山角砾岩;10.英安质含角砾熔岩;11.流纹质含集块角砾岩;12英安质角砾集块岩;13.流纹质集块岩;14.英安质集块岩;15.全新统冲积物;16.逆断层;17.采样位置;18.剖面首尾标识

      Fig.  3.  The profile of Miocene strata from Milashan area

      图  4  锆石U-Pb谐和图、加权平均图和阴极发光图

      Fig.  4.  U-Pb concordia diagrams, weighted average diagrams and CL images of zircons

      图  5  米拉山中新世火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄(207Pb/238U)与εHf(t)分布

      Fig.  5.  Plot of εHf(t) vs U-Pb ages (207Pb/238U) of zircons from Miocene volcanic rocks in Milashan area

      图  6  中新世火山岩主量元素判别图解(a~c)和微量元素Sr/Y-Y图解(d)

      a. (Na2O+K2O)-SiO2图解,Middlemost(1994);b. A/NK-A/CNK图解;c. K2O-SiO2图解,Peccerillo and Taylor(1976);d. Sr/Y-Y图解,Defant and Drummond(1990)

      Fig.  6.  Discriminant diagrams of major elements (a-c) and Sr/Y-Y diagrams (d) of Miocene volcanic rocks

      图  7  中新世火山岩稀土元素配分模式图(a)和微量元素蛛网图(b)

      标准化数据引自Sun and McDonough(1989)

      Fig.  7.  Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams (b) of Miocene volcanic rocks

      图  8  SiO2-主微量元素埃达克质岩判别图解

      a. MgO-SiO2;b. TFeO/MgO-SiO2;据Wang et al. (2006)

      Fig.  8.  Distinction diagrams of SiO2-primary elements of adakite

      图  9  I.M.S.A花岗岩判别图解

      a. (K2O+Na2O)/CaO-Zr+Nb+Ce+Y;b. Zr-10 000×Ga/Al;据Whalen (1987)

      Fig.  9.  Distinction diagrams of I.M.S.A granite

      图  10  花岗岩与埃达克质岩构造判别图解

      a. Al2O3-SiO2,据Maniar et al. (1989);b. Th/Ce-Th,据Wang et al. (2006);c. Rb-Y+Nb,据Pearce et al. (1984)

      Fig.  10.  Distinction diagrams of granite and adakite tectonic setting

      表  1  米拉山中新世火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果

      Table  1.   LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of Miocene volcanic rocks from Milashan area

      编号 U (10-6) Th (10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 同位素年龄(Ma)
      207Pb/235Pb ±σ 206Pb/238Pb ±σ 207Pb/235Pb ±σ 206Pb/238Pb ±σ
      ST1英安质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩
      1 634 799 2.28 0.017 3 0.000 4 0.002 7 0.000 1 17.4 0.4 17.3 0.4
      2 1 144 330 3.48 0.017 5 0.000 2 0.002 9 0.000 1 17.6 0.2 18.3 0.4
      3 1 078 1 858 4.53 0.017 3 0.000 4 0.002 8 0.000 1 17.4 0.4 17.8 0.4
      4 455 452 1.65 0.017 5 0.000 6 0.002 8 0.000 1 17.6 0.6 18.1 0.6
      5 678 284 2.26 0.016 9 0.000 2 0.003 0 0.000 1 17.0 0.2 19.2 0.4
      6 761 605 2.86 0.017 8 0.000 3 0.003 1 0.000 1 17.9 0.3 19.9 0.4
      7 534 548 1.95 0.017 5 0.000 9 0.002 8 0.000 1 17.6 0.9 18.0 0.5
      8 385 304 1.28 0.017 7 0.000 5 0.002 8 0.000 1 17.8 0.5 17.8 0.6
      9 836 941 3.04 0.017 4 0.000 3 0.002 7 0.000 1 17.5 0.3 17.1 0.4
      10 460 467 1.67 0.017 6 0.000 5 0.002 7 0.000 1 17.8 0.5 17.6 0.6
      11 706 720 2.66 0.017 3 0.000 5 0.002 8 0.000 1 17.4 0.5 17.9 0.5
      12 711 936 3.08 0.018 6 0.000 3 0.002 8 0.000 1 18.7 0.2 17.8 0.5
      13 460 471 1.65 0.017 8 0.000 5 0.002 8 0.000 1 18.0 0.5 17.9 0.5
      14 567 524 3.17 0.018 1 0.000 7 0.003 0 0.000 1 18.2 0.7 19.2 0.6
      15 1 357 1 041 4.89 0.017 9 0.000 9 0.002 9 0.000 1 18.0 0.9 18.9 0.4
      16 1 021 1 291 3.87 0.017 3 0.000 4 0.002 7 0.000 1 17.4 0.4 17.5 0.4
      17 1 685 1 027 6.25 0.018 1 0.001 0 0.003 0 0.000 1 18.3 1.0 19.6 0.4
      18 472 414 1.66 0.017 8 0.000 4 0.002 8 0.000 1 18.0 0.4 17.8 0.5
      19 239 345 0.95 0.017 0 0.000 8 0.002 7 0.000 1 17.1 0.7 17.2 0.7
      20 455 472 1.70 0.017 5 0.000 9 0.002 9 0.000 1 17.6 0.9 18.5 0.5
      ST4英安岩
      1 691 501 0.73 0.018 6 0.002 2 0.002 9 0.000 1 19.0 2.0 18.7 0.3
      2 648 639 0.99 0.017 8 0.002 5 0.002 8 0.000 1 18.0 3.0 18.0 0.3
      3 588 451 0.77 0.017 1 0.002 7 0.002 7 0.000 1 17.0 3.0 17.3 0.3
      4 261 181 0.69 0.018 8 0.006 3 0.002 9 0.000 1 19.0 6.0 18.4 0.4
      5 401 490 1.22 0.018 0 0.003 6 0.002 8 0.000 1 18.0 4.0 18.1 0.3
      6 495 368 0.74 0.016 9 0.003 1 0.002 6 0.000 1 17.0 3.0 17.0 0.3
      7 877 682 0.78 0.016 7 0.001 7 0.002 6 0.000 0 17.0 2.0 16.9 0.3
      8 511 321 0.63 0.017 2 0.003 1 0.002 7 0.000 1 17.0 3.0 17.3 0.3
      9 509 477 0.94 0.019 0 0.003 2 0.002 9 0.000 1 19.0 3.0 18.7 0.3
      10 838 588 0.70 0.018 1 0.001 8 0.002 8 0.000 0 18.0 2.0 18.2 0.3
      11 983 821 0.84 0.017 3 0.001 7 0.002 7 0.000 0 17.0 2.0 17.4 0.3
      12 450 286 0.64 0.020 0 0.004 7 0.002 8 0.000 1 20.0 5.0 18.2 0.4
      13 570 403 0.71 0.017 2 0.002 5 0.002 7 0.000 1 17.0 2.0 17.3 0.3
      14 560 550 0.98 0.018 5 0.002 8 0.002 9 0.000 1 19.0 3.0 18.5 0.3
      15 133 73 0.55 0.067 3 0.010 1 0.010 3 0.000 2 66.0 10.0 66.0 1.0
      ST23流纹岩
      1 352 472 1.34 0.019 3 0.003 0 0.002 8 0.000 1 19.0 3.0 18.0 0.3
      2 357 402 1.13 0.017 9 0.002 1 0.002 8 0.000 0 18.0 2.0 17.9 0.3
      3 501 686 1.37 0.018 3 0.001 6 0.002 9 0.000 0 18.0 2.0 18.4 0.2
      4 657 772 1.17 0.018 2 0.001 5 0.002 8 0.000 0 18.0 1.0 18.0 0.3
      5 311 341 1.10 0.017 5 0.000 7 0.002 8 0.000 0 17.6 0.7 17.7 0.2
      6 1 251 3 671 2.93 0.017 9 0.000 9 0.002 8 0.000 0 18.1 0.9 18.0 0.2
      7 276 346 1.25 0.018 0 0.002 8 0.002 7 0.000 0 18.0 3.0 17.4 0.3
      8 336 508 1.51 0.018 1 0.002 2 0.002 8 0.000 0 18.0 2.0 18.2 0.3
      9 550 796 1.45 0.017 0 0.001 5 0.002 7 0.000 0 17.0 2.0 17.1 0.3
      10 320 388 1.21 0.017 6 0.002 4 0.002 8 0.000 1 18.0 2.0 17.8 0.3
      11 1 753 1 638 0.93 0.017 4 0.000 7 0.002 7 0.000 0 17.5 0.7 17.5 0.2
      12 308 376 1.22 0.018 6 0.002 6 0.002 9 0.000 1 19.0 3.0 18.7 0.3
      ST24流纹质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩
      1 950 614 0.65 0.017 8 0.001 2 0.002 7 0.000 0 18.0 1.0 17.2 0.2
      2 122 73 0.60 0.066 0 0.008 0 0.009 7 0.000 2 65.0 8.0 62.0 1.0
      3 202 127 0.63 0.062 8 0.005 0 0.009 6 0.000 1 62.0 5.0 61.7 0.8
      4 1 198 904 0.75 0.017 0 0.000 7 0.002 7 0.000 0 17.1 0.7 17.1 0.2
      5 539 522 0.97 0.017 5 0.001 8 0.002 7 0.000 0 18.0 2.0 17.6 0.3
      6 1 732 4 544 2.62 0.016 9 0.000 7 0.002 7 0.000 0 17.0 0.7 17.1 0.2
      7 195 146 0.75 0.063 1 0.004 9 0.009 7 0.000 1 62.0 5.0 62.1 0.8
      8 629 683 1.09 0.017 1 0.002 0 0.002 7 0.000 0 17.0 2.0 17.2 0.3
      9 722 1 469 2.03 0.017 2 0.001 4 0.002 7 0.000 0 17.0 1.0 17.4 0.3
      10 1 375 974 0.71 0.017 1 0.000 7 0.002 7 0.000 0 17.2 0.7 17.2 0.2
      11 1 331 259 0.19 0.667 2 0.008 5 0.082 1 0.000 8 519.0 5.0 509.0 5.0
      12 551 337 0.61 0.017 0 0.001 6 0.002 7 0.000 0 17.0 2.0 17.1 0.3
      13 1 150 763 0.66 0.017 0 0.000 9 0.002 7 0.000 0 17.1 0.9 17.1 0.2
      14 965 865 0.90 0.017 5 0.001 1 0.002 7 0.000 0 18.0 1.0 17.1 0.2
      15 881 834 0.95 0.017 0 0.001 0 0.002 7 0.000 0 17.0 1.0 17.1 0.2
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  米拉山中新世火山岩Hf同位素测试结果

      Table  2.   Analytical results of Hf isotope of Miocene volcanic rocks from Milashan area

      编号 年龄(Ma) 176Yb/177Hf 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf ±σ εHf(0) εHf(t) ±σ TDM(Ma) TDMC(Ma) fLu/Hf
      ST4英安岩
      3 17.0 0.038 935 0.001 741 0.282 767 0.000 018 -0.2 0.2 0.6 701 1 086 -0.95
      6 17.0 0.038 912 0.001 737 0.282 718 0.000 019 -1.9 -1.6 0.7 773 1 198 -0.95
      7 17.0 0.037 254 0.001 654 0.282 802 0.000 019 1.1 1.4 0.7 649 1 007 -0.95
      8 17.0 0.035 398 0.001 584 0.282 770 0.000 021 -0.1 0.3 0.7 694 1 079 -0.95
      11 17.0 0.046 933 0.002 039 0.282 707 0.000 021 -2.3 -1.9 0.8 794 1 221 -0.94
      ST23流纹岩
      1 19.0 0.025 391 0.001 125 0.282 391 0.000 018 -13.5 -13.1 0.6 1 222 1 929 -0.97
      3 18.0 0.026 909 0.001 148 0.282 413 0.000 019 -12.7 -12.3 0.7 1 192 1 882 -0.97
      4 18.0 0.025 146 0.001 152 0.282 434 0.000 019 -11.9 -11.6 0.7 1 161 1 833 -0.97
      5 17.6 0.024 063 0.001 088 0.282 396 0.000 021 -13.3 -12.9 0.7 1 214 1 920 -0.97
      7 18.0 0.020 022 0.000 798 0.282 180 0.000 017 -20.9 -20.5 0.6 1 504 2 399 -0.98
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  米拉山中新世火山岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(10-6)分析结果

      Table  3.   Analytical results of major (%) and trace elements (10-6) of Miocene volcanic rocks from Milashan area

      岩性 ST23流纹岩 ST4英安岩
      编号 ST23H1 ST23H2 ST23H3 ST4H1 ST4H2 ST4H3
      SiO2 76.28 76.96 76.53 66.89 66.01 69.21
      TiO2 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.43 0.47 0.39
      Al2O3 13.44 12.99 12.70 15.34 15.66 14.56
      TFe2O3 0.15 0.36 0.12 3.48 3.73 3.12
      MnO 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.06
      MgO 0.16 0.18 0.14 1.45 1.64 1.24
      CaO 0.07 0.05 0.11 3.07 2.94 2.80
      Na2O 0.13 1.27 0.52 4.04 4.36 3.84
      K2O 6.97 5.35 7.47 3.44 3.27 3.34
      P2O5 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.20 0.15
      LOI 1.57 1.70 1.13 0.90 0.96 0.47
      Mg# 70.22 53.62 73.34 49.17 50.63 48.21
      K2O/Na2O 52.89 4.22 14.36 0.85 0.75 0.87
      Sc 2.27 1.95 2.90 6.52 6.49 5.77
      Cr 3.22 3.15 1.23 28.66 18.42 18.63
      Ni 1.61 1.78 0.07 20.84 14.79 13.85
      Ga 18.51 16.60 15.56 21.68 21.00 19.99
      Rb 319 234 341 134 125 133
      Sr 58.68 91.06 78.28 820 814 795
      Y 15.18 9.42 11.51 10.19 10.52 9.82
      Zr 137 126 130 135 154 145
      Nb 10.86 10.38 10.67 9.22 8.87 8.91
      Ba 1271 955 1576 1059 995 1078
      La 57.60 30.26 56.92 38.96 39.24 37.54
      Ce 119 59.08 107.60 74.88 75.10 71.74
      Pr 13.81 6.11 11.67 8.17 8.39 7.80
      Nd 49.86 19.91 38.88 28.44 29.48 27.16
      Sm 8.67 3.13 5.97 4.61 4.79 4.35
      Eu 1.37 0.51 0.99 1.17 1.20 1.11
      Gd 5.97 2.26 3.96 3.21 3.38 3.03
      Tb 0.72 0.30 0.48 0.39 0.41 0.37
      Dy 3.56 1.65 2.45 1.99 2.05 1.92
      Ho 0.61 0.32 0.43 0.36 0.37 0.36
      Er 1.65 0.99 1.21 1.02 1.04 1.00
      Tm 0.23 0.15 0.17 0.14 0.15 0.14
      Yb 1.51 1.06 1.14 0.95 0.96 0.94
      Lu 0.21 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.14
      Hf 3.36 3.09 3.21 3.24 3.55 3.45
      Ta 0.73 0.67 0.66 0.60 0.54 0.60
      Pb 70.76 24.72 28.00 35.88 31.20 34.34
      Th 25.98 15.28 25.20 21.32 20.70 22.88
      U 4.79 4.10 4.60 4.63 4.23 4.76
      Eu* 0.58 0.58 0.62 0.93 0.92 0.94
      Sr/Y 3.87 9.67 6.80 80.58 77.36 81.01
      Zr/Hf 40.8 40.7 40.5 41.7 43.3 42.0
      Nb/Ta 14.9 15.5 16.1 15.3 16.5 14.9
      Th/Ce 0.22 0.26 0.23 0.28 0.28 0.32
      LaN/YbN 27.3 20.5 35.8 29.4 29.3 28.7
      TZr(℃) 819 809 800 755 765 765
      注:Eu*=Eu/SQRT(Sm×Gd);Mg#=(MgO/40.31)/(MgO/40.31+TFe2O3×0.899 8×0.85/71.85)×100;锆石饱和温度(TZr)计算方法据Watson and Harrison (1983).
      下载: 导出CSV
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