Nature of Crust Constraints on Tin Deposit Distribution in Southwest Yunnan: Based on Hf Isotope Mapping
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摘要:
滇西南锡矿带是我国重要的锡成矿带之一,前人总结了滇西南锡矿带中与花岗岩相关的锡矿床的时空分布,但对锡矿床的空间展布情况与地壳性质的关系以及其控制锡成矿的原因尚不清楚.本文收集了滇西南地区已发表的早古生代‒新生代花岗岩类的锆石Hf同位素数据,在前人对三江特提斯造山带大范围同位素填图的基础上,利用ArcGIS软件绘制了滇西南地区锆石εHf(t)值和TDMC等值线图及两条典型剖面图.成图结果表明,昌宁‒孟连造山带和保山地体表现为低εHf(t)高TDMC的古老地壳特征,而腾冲地体同位素分布不均匀,既存在低εHf(t)高TDMC的古老地壳区,又存在高εHf(t)低TDMC的新生地壳区.滇西南地区的锡矿分布与地壳性质关系密切,锡矿均分布于低εHf(t)高TDMC的古老地壳区,而在高εHf(t)低TDMC的新生地壳区,尚未发现锡矿.锡矿在古老地壳区域的集中产出可能与古老富锡地壳有关.贫锡且高氧逸度地幔岩浆的混入对花岗岩中锡的富集具有抑制作用,可能是新生地壳区锡成矿作用不明显的原因.
Abstract:The Southwest Yunnan Tin Belt is one of the most important tin metallogenic belts in China. The temporal and spatial distribution of granite-related tin deposits in the Southwest Yunnan Tin Belt has been summarized, but the relationship between the spatial distribution of tin deposits and the nature of the crust, as well as the reasons for its constraints on tin mineralization, are still unclear. In this paper, published zircon Hf isotope data of Early Paleozoic-Cenozoic granites in Southwest Yunnan are collected. Based on previous large-scale isotope mapping of the Sanjiang Tethys orogenic belt, the εHf(t) value and TDMC contour maps and two typical profiles in Southwest Yunnan are drawn by ArcGIS software. The mapping results show that the Changning-Menglian orogenic belt and Baoshan terrane are ancient crustal domains with low εHf(t) and high TDMC, while the Tengchong terrane has uneven isotopic distribution, and there are both ancient crustal regions with low εHf(t) and high TDMC, as well as newly formed crustal regions with high εHf(t) and low TDMC. The distribution of tin deposits in Southwest Yunnan is closely related to crustal properties. Tin deposits are all distributed in ancient crustal areas with low εHf(t) and high TDMC, while no tin deposits have been found in the newly formed crustal areas with high εHf(t) and low TDMC. The concentrated production of tin ore in ancient crustal regions may be related to ancient tin rich crust. The mixing of low tin and high oxygen fugacity mantle magma has an inhibitory effect on the enrichment of tin in granite, which may be the reason for the unclear tin mineralization in the newly formed crustal area.
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Key words:
- Hf /
- isotopes /
- mapping /
- nature of the crust /
- tin deposit /
- Southwest Yunnan /
- granite
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图 1 东南亚地质简图(a.据Metcalfe, 2021修改)和滇西南花岗岩与锡矿床分布简图(b.据Zhao et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2021; 孙祥等, 2023修改)
Fig. 1. Tectonic sketch map of Southeast Asia (a. modified after Metcalfe, 2021) and distribution diagram of granite and tin deposits in the Southwest Yunnan (b. modified after Zhao et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2021; Sun et al., 2023)
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