Mountain Building and Its Dynamic Transition Since Middle Pleistocene in East of Eastern Kunlun, Northeast Tibet Plateau
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摘要: 对东昆仑造山带东段第四纪构造及与地貌关系的分析表明, 现代山盆相间的地貌格局成型于中更新世, 且在中更新世以来发生了多次构造变形体制的转换.根据布青山北部查干额热格地区第四系剖面的构造、地层时代及地层与构造关系的分析表明, 中更新世时期为伸展构造体制, 昆仑山内部开始发生了差异隆升, 布青山开始崛起.中更新世末应力体制发生急剧变化, 由伸展体制转为收缩事件, 又急速转为伸展构造体系, 短暂的收缩事件造成了中更新世冲洪积层的褶皱, 随后的伸展则导致了影响深刻的向北依次断落的阶地状正断层系统.晚更新世应力体系再度发生重大转换, 伸展正断层体系被左旋走滑运动体系所代替, 并一直延续至今.中更新世以来多次隆升构造变形体制的转换说明东昆仑地区的成山过程受控于多种动力背景, 而非单一的挤压抬升.隆升构造变形体系的确定及其时代约束为深入刻划青藏高原东北缘隆升作用的动力过程提供了重要信息.Abstract: The analysis of the relationship between the Quaternary structure and the relief in the east of eastern Kunlun reveals that the modern relief framework with alternating basins and ridges were formed in the Middle Pleistocene. Multiple deformation system changes have occurred since that time based on the analysis of the structures, strata age and the relationship between structures and rocks from a well displayed Quaternary cross section. In the Middle Pleistocene, the N S extension caused differential uplifting in the Kunlun Mountains. The Buqingshan and Buerhanbudashan popped up the plateau plane. At the end of the Middle Pleistocene, the stress system changed quickly from N S extension to N S compression, then to extension again. The short N S compression event caused folding of the Middle Pleistocene strata on the northern side of Buqingshan, and southward, the thrust folding on its southern side. Soon after the compression event, the N S extension appears again, leading to the step normal faults on the northern side of the Buqingshan and the graben horst assemblage, which overprinted to the previous thrust fold assemblage in the Tertiary Guide Group of the southern slope of the Buqingshan. While in the Late Pleistocene, an important change occurred again in the stress system. The E W transpressive sinistral strike slip faults became active and has remained till now. The multiple age stress change during Quaternary suggests that the uplift mechanism and the mountain building processes are multiplex and complex.
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Key words:
- east part of the eastern Kunlun /
- Quaternary /
- uplift structure /
- mountain building
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图 1 东昆仑红水川地区第四系地质简图(左下角图示研究区位置及主要水系分布)
1.全新统冲积物; 2.上更新统—全新统洪冲积物; 3.中更新统冲洪积物; 4.早更新世湖积物; 5.新第三系贵德群; 6.前新生代基底; 7.逆断层; 8.正断层; 9.平移断层; 10.主要河流水系及流向
Fig. 1. Simple geological map of Quaternary strata in Hongshuichuan area, eastern Kunlun Mountains
图 2 布青山南坡新第三系贵德群构造剖面(剖面位置见图 1A-A′剖面)
1.砾岩; 2.砂岩; 3.粉砂岩; 4.粉砂质泥岩; 5.第四系砂砾岩; 6.正断层; 7.逆冲断层; P—Tm.二叠系—三叠系布青山群马尔争组; NG.新第三系贵德群: NG1.新第三系贵德群下组; NG2.新第三系贵德群上组; Q.第四系
Fig. 2. Cross section of Guide Group along the south edge of the Buqingshan
图 3 布青山北坡红水川南部查干额热格第四系构造剖面(剖面位置见图 1B-B′剖面)
1.上更新统冲洪积; 2.中更新统冲洪积; 3.二叠系—三叠系马尔争组; 4.砂岩; 5.粉砂质板岩; 6.半固结含砂砾石层; 7.半固结砂质层; 8.紫红色粉砂质泥质层标志层; 9.松散砾石层; 10.正断层; 11.高角度左旋走滑断层
Fig. 3. Quaternary cross section at Chagan′e′rege, north side of the Buqingshan
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