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    全球前寒武纪基底构造格局与古大陆再造问题

    王鸿祯 张世红

    王鸿祯, 张世红, 2002. 全球前寒武纪基底构造格局与古大陆再造问题. 地球科学, 27(5): 467-481.
    引用本文: 王鸿祯, 张世红, 2002. 全球前寒武纪基底构造格局与古大陆再造问题. 地球科学, 27(5): 467-481.
    WANG Hong-zhen, ZHANG Shi-hong, 2002. Tectonic Pattern of the World Precambrian Basement and Problems of Paleocontinent Reconstruction. Earth Science, 27(5): 467-481.
    Citation: WANG Hong-zhen, ZHANG Shi-hong, 2002. Tectonic Pattern of the World Precambrian Basement and Problems of Paleocontinent Reconstruction. Earth Science, 27(5): 467-481.

    全球前寒武纪基底构造格局与古大陆再造问题

    基金项目: 

    科技部“九五”期间攀登附加项目 95-专-04

    国土资源部“九五”基础研究项目 9501105

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      王鸿祯(1916-), 男,中国科学院院士, 教授,博士生导师, 1939年毕业于北京大学,长期从事古生物学、地层学、古地理学、前寒武纪地质学、大地构造学和地质科学史的研究.E-mail:wwhongzhen@163.com

    • 中图分类号: P534.1;P53

    Tectonic Pattern of the World Precambrian Basement and Problems of Paleocontinent Reconstruction

    • 摘要: 全球前寒武纪基底构造格架与构造单元的划分是古大陆再造和泛大陆拼合的重要基础.本文整理了基底构造单元的级别体系, 以晋宁期和印支期为准, 提出了一级构造域、二级陆台及地区和三级陆核、地块等3级划分.分出了5个一级、14个二级和若干个三级单元, 并予以系统编号, 以便查询和增修.认为超大陆是泛大陆的组成部分, 现在重点研究的罗迪尼亚超大陆已经涉及全球, 进入了泛大陆-850的研究范围.论证了中国3个陆台和华夏地区在新元古代晋宁期的位置关系, 认为它们相距不远, 并部分相互碰撞, 构成亚洲中轴(大华夏)构造域.讨论了罗迪尼亚的流行模式及SWEAT连接问题.指出新元古代Chuaria Tawuia宏观藻组合在东亚和北美西部的分布, 认为大华夏构造域应作为一个松散的整体与劳伦古大陆相邻, 并概略讨论了泛大陆-850的再造格局特征.提出了经过改进的泛大陆-250在中二叠世(280257 Ma)的再造模式, 讨论了古植物和海生动物生物地理分区在古大陆再造中的意义.

       

    • 图  1  全球前寒武系基底构造单元命名(名称见表 1

      1.陆核(>2.8~2.5 Ga); 2.古元古代造山带(2.5~1.8 Ga): 3.原地台(1.6~1.8 Ga前固结): 4.地台及分离地块(0.8~0.6 Ga前固结): 5.中、新元古代裂陷槽: 6.格林威尔及晋宁造山带(1.1~0.8 Ga): 7. 泛非期构造活动区(0.8~0.5 Ga): 8. 太古宙及古元古代花岗岩类: 9.中、新元古代花岗岩类: 10.显生宙造山区

      Fig.  1.  World tectonic units and nomenclature of the Precambrian basement

      1.continental mucdei (>2.8-2.5 Ga): 2.Paleoproterozoie (2.5-1.8 Ga) orogenic belts: 3.protoplatform (consolidated before 1.8-1.6 Ga); 4.platform and separated massifs (consolidated before 0.8 Ga): 5.mesoproterozoie and Neoproteroic aulacogens: 6.Grenilean and Jinningian (1.1-0.8 Ga) orogenic belts: 7.pan-African active regions(0.8-0.5 Ga): 8.Archean and Plepoterozie granitie rocks; : 9.Mesopnoterazoie and Neoproternzoie ganitie roks: 10.Phanerzoie orogenie bels

      图  2  全球前寒武纪基底构造简图示构造域、陆台及地盾(各级单元中英文名称见表 1)

      Fig.  2.  World tectonic frame of the Precambrian basement showing tectonic domains, cratons and shields (the symbols of tectonic units are the same as in Table 1)

      图  3  中二叠世(280~257 Ma)全球古大陆再造及生物古地理

      1.山区与高地; 2.低地; 3.陆相沉积; 4.咸海相及蒸发岩相; 5.浅海沉积; 6.冰盖及冰成沉积.古植物大区: A.安哥拉; C.华夏; E.欧美; G.冈瓦纳.海生古动物分区(珊瑚与腕足类为主): (1)北方大区, 1A.西伯利亚区: AS-Arctophllum-Svalbardophyllum组合; 1B.哈萨克斯坦—兴安岭区: CV-Calophyllum-Verbeekiella组合, YL-Yakovlevia-Licharevia组合; 1C.北美区: DH-Durhamina-Heritschiodies组合. (2)特提斯区, 2A.北(东)特提斯区: WP-Wen tzellophyllum-Polythecalis组合, WW-Waagenophyllum-Wentzellites组合; 2B.南(西)特提斯区: VL-Ver-beekiella-Lytvolasma组合.(3)冈瓦纳大区, 3A.印度—澳大利亚区: LT-Lophophyllidium-Timorphyllum组合.

      Fig.  3.  World paleocontinent reconstruction and biogeography in the M iddle Permian (280-257 Ma)Epoch

      1.mountains and highlands; 2.low lands; 3.terrestrial deposits; 4.saline seas and evaporites; 5.shallow seas; 6.ice caps and glaciogene deposits.Foral realms: A.Angaran; C.Cathaysian; E.Eu ramerican; G.Gondw anan.Faunal realms(mainly corals and brachiopods): (1)breal realm, 1A.S iberia province : AS-Arctophllum-Svalbardophyllum; 1B.Kazakhstan-Hingan province: CV-Calophyllum-Verbeekiella, YL-Yakovlevia-Licharevia; 1C.North American province: DH-Durhamina-Heritschioies; (2)Tethys realm, 2A.North(East) Tethys province: WP-Wentzellophyllum-Polythecali, WW-Waagenophyllum-Wentzellites; 2B.South(West)Tethys province: VL-Verbeekiella-Lytvolasma; (3)Gondwana realm, 3A.India-Australia p rovince: LT-Lophophyllidium-Timorphyllum

      表  1  全球前寒武系基底构造格局与构造单元划分命名

      Table  1.   World tectonic frame and coding of tectonic units in the Precambrian basement

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