史密斯地层与非史密斯地层

张克信; 殷鸿福; 朱云海; 王国灿; 冯庆来; 龚一鸣

史密斯地层与非史密斯地层

中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

教育部项目造山带混杂岩区非史密斯地层研究——以青海东昆仑和拉脊山混杂岩带为例 200228

中国地质调查局项目: 1∶25万民和县幅数字地质填图 200213000016

详细信息

作者简介:
张克信(1954-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 1982年毕业于北京大学, 主要从事生物地层、层序地层、造山带非史密斯地层和地质填图的研究和教学工作. E-mail: kxzhang@public.wh.hb.cn

中图分类号: P53
计量
- 文章访问数: 4071
- HTML全文浏览量: 749
- PDF下载量: 41
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2003-04-18
- 刊出日期: 2003-07-25

Smith Strata and Non-Smith Strata

Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 国际地层指南中指出, 地层学应扩展为包括对构成地壳的所有岩石体的描述.所有各类岩石(沉积的、火成的、变质的、固结的和非固结的) 都属于地层学和地层分类的总体研究范畴.传统地层学主要针对沉积成因地层, 虽然拓展包括了一部分火山喷出岩, 如熔岩类、火山碎屑岩和火山灰等层状火山岩, 其形成的力学机制基本上是重力机制, 即向地心方向受重力作用逐渐累积.本文将重力机制下形成的地层及其适度扩展物(如沉积变质和沉积火山岩类) 称之为史密斯地层.现代地层学概念中, 形成地层的力学机制不仅仅是重力, 而且包括了热力(如蛇绿岩)、机械力或构造力(如混杂岩、构造岩等).非重力机制或非沉积成因的地层, 亦都有时空顺序, 其顺序服从各自的力学机制和成因, 但不服从史密斯地层的叠覆律; 这些非重力机制形成的地层不属于史密斯地层学的范畴, 本文称之为非史密斯地层.造山带混杂岩区主要依据构造力作用机制不同, 其非史密斯地层形成方式可区分为俯冲刮削拼贴式、俯冲折返拼贴式和仰冲推覆式等.
- 现代地层学 /
- 史密斯地层 /
- 非史密斯地层 /
- 力学机制 /
- 造山带混杂岩
Abstract: International Stratigraphic Guide pointed out that stratigraphy should be defined as the description of all rock bodies constituting the earth crust. Hence, all kinds of rocks, including sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic, solidified and unsolidified rocks, should be considered as research contents of stratigraphy. While traditional stratigraphy mainly studies strata by gravitative deposit, though including some parts of bedded volcanic rocks such as lava, pyroclastic rocks and volcanic ashes. Smith strata are regarded as the strata deposited in gravity, including related strata such as depositional metamorphic and volcanic rocks in this paper. Whereas in modern stratigraphy, the mechanic mechanism of strata origination includes not only gravity, but also thermal (ophiolite), mechanic and tectonic forces (orogenic mixtite and tectonite). In these above-mentioned non-gravitative conditions, the strata, formed with their own mechanisms but not with the overlap rules of Smith stratigraphy, are called non-Smith strata here. In the orogenic belt mélange regions, formations of non-Smith strata could be classified into subduct-scrape-match, subduct-return-match and subduct-overthrust types.
- modern stratigraphy /
- Smith strata /
- non-Smith strata /
- mechanism /
- orogenic belt mélange

HTML全文

图 1 造山带构造混杂岩类非史密斯地层各种混杂岩岩片(块) 形成的大地构造背景模式^{[1, 3]}

a.各种构造混杂岩岩片(块) 成生原始位态及大地构造环境; b.汇聚、碰撞环境中各种构造混杂岩岩片(块) 就位(变位) 模式: b₁.俯冲刮削拼贴式; b₂.俯冲折返拼贴式; b₃.仰冲推覆式.图中1-12含义见表 2; 13.礁; 14.陆架边缘浅海沉积; 15.陆壳; 16.洋壳; 17.岩石圈地幔; 18.同造山侵入体; 19.洋扩张脊.

Fig. 1. Models for different tectonic settings of non-Smith mélange slice in orogenic belt^{[1, 3]}

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 造山带混杂岩区非史密斯地层类型划分

Table 1. Classification of non-Smith strata in mélange belts of orogenic regions

表 2 造山带混杂岩非史密斯地层岩片(块) 常见类型及主要特征

Table 2. Major slice types and their characteristics in non-Smith strata of orogenic regions

参考文献(22)

[1]	张克信, 殷鸿福, 朱云海, 等. 造山带混杂岩区地质填图理论、方法与实践[M]. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社, 2001.165. ZHANG K X, YIN H F, ZHU Y H, et al. Theory, method and practice to geological mapping in mélange district of orogenic belts[M]. Wuhan: China University of Geo sciences Press, 2001.165.
[2]	王乃文, 郭宪璞, 刘羽. 非史密斯地层学简介[J]. 地质论评, 1994, 40(5) : 482. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1994.05.011 WANG N W, GUO X P, LIU Y. Brief introduction o n non-Smith stratigraphy[J]. Geological Review, 1994, 40 (5) : 482. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1994.05.011
[3]	殷鸿福, 张克信, 王国灿, 等. 非威尔逊旋回与非史密斯方法——中国造山带研究理论与方法[J]. 中国区域地质, 1998, (增刊) : 1-9. YIN H F, ZHANG K X, WAN G G C, et al. N on-Wilso n cycle and non-Smith method theory: method in studying China orogenic belts[J]. Regio nal G eology of China, 1998, (Suppl) : 1 -9.
[4]	张克信, 陈能松, 王永标, 等. 东昆仑造山带非史密斯地层序列重建方法初探[J]. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 1997, 22(4) : 343 -346. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX704.001.htm ZHANG K X, CHEN N S, WANG Y B, et al. A preliminary research on the sequence reconstruction of non-Smith stratigraphy in eastern Kunlun orogenic belt[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1997, 22(4) : 343-346. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX704.001.htm
[5]	冯庆来. 造山带区域地层学研究的思想和工作方法[J]. 地质科技情报, 1993, 1(3) : 51 -56. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ199303009.htm FENG Q L. Principles and methods for the regional stratigraphic studies of orogenic belts[J]. Geology Science and Technology Information, 1993, 1(3) : 51 -56. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ199303009.htm
[6]	罗建宁. 大陆造山带沉积地质学研究的几个问题[J]. 地学前缘, 1994, 1(1-2) : 177 -183. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY4Z1.031.htm LUO J N. Research on the sedimentary geology and petrology of continental orogenic belts[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1994, 1(1-2) : 177-183. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY4Z1.031.htm
[7]	龚一鸣, 杜远生, 冯庆来, 等. 关于非史密斯地层的几点思考[J]. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 1996, 21 (1) : 19-26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX601.002.htm GONG Y M, DU Y S, FENG Q L, et al. Thinking about non-Smith stratigraphy[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1996, 21 (1) : 19- 26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX601.002.htm
[8]	于庆文, 其和日格. 中国西部造山带1: 25万地质填图理论与方法的几点思考[J]. 中国区域地质, 1998, (增刊) : 10 -17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD200812009.htm YU Q W, Qihi Rag. Thinking about 1: 250 000 geological mapping theory and methods in orogenic belts, w estern China[J]. Regional Geology of China, 1998, (Suppl) : 10 -17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD200812009.htm
[9]	杜远生, 盛吉虎, 丁振举. 造山带非史密斯地层及其地质制图[J]. 中国区域地质, 1997, 16(4) : 439 -443. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD704.014.htm DU Y S, SHENG J H, DING Z J. Non-Smith strata in the orogen and their geological mapping[J]. Regional Geology of China, 1997, 16(4) : 439 -443. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD704.014.htm
[10]	杜远生, 张克信. 关于非史密斯地层学的几点认识[J]. 地层学杂志, 1999, 23(1) : 78 -80. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ901.012.htm DU Y S, ZHANG K X. Discussions on non-Smith stratigraphy[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 1999, 23(1) : 78 - 80. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ901.012.htm
[11]	郭宪璞, 刘羽, 王绍芳. 非史密斯地层学的试验研究[A]. 地质科学研究论文集[C]. 北京: 中国经济出版社, 1996.11 -19. GUO X P, LIU Y, WANG S F. Experimental research about non-Smith stratigraphy[A]. Transactions of geoscience research[C]. Beijing: Chinese Economy Publishing House, 1996.11 -19.
[12]	金玉玕, 曹长群. 非层状岩的地层分类和研究[J]. 地层学杂志, 2000, 24(增刊) : 341 -346. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ2000S1001.htm JIN Y G, CAO C Q. Stratigraphic classification and integrated study of the non-stratified rocks[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2000, 24(Suppl) : 341-346. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ2000S1001.htm
[13]	汤加富, 秦得厚, 吴传荣, 等. 关于构造地层学研究与构造地层单位使用的讨论[J]. 地层学杂志, 2000, 24(增刊) : 347 -351. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ2000S1002.htm TANG J F, QIN D H, WU C R, et al. Discussion on the study of tectono-stratigraphy and application of tectonostratigraphic units[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2000, 24 (Suppl) : 347-351. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ2000S1002.htm
[14]	王五力. 试论构造地层学、非史密斯地层学和造山带地层学[J]. 地层学杂志, 2000, 24(增刊) : 352 -358. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ2000S1003.htm WANG W L. Discussion on tectonostratigraphy, nonSmith stratigraphy and orogen stratigraphy[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2000, 24(Suppl) : 352-358. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ2000S1003.htm
[15]	Amos Salvador. 国际地层指南[M]. 第二版. 金玉玕, 戎嘉余, 译. 北京: 地质出版社, 2000.171. Amos Salvador. International stratigraphic guide[M]. Second Edition. Translated by JIN Y G, RONG J Y. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2000.171.
[16]	全国地层委员会. 中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2001.59. China National Committee of Stratigraphy. Chinese stratigraphic guide[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2001.59.
[17]	王国灿, 张克信, 梁斌, 等. 东昆仑造山带结构及构造岩片组合[J]. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 1997, 22 (4) : 352 -356. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX704.003.htm WANG G C, ZHANG K X, LIANG B, et al. Texture and tectonic slices of the eastern Kunlun orogenic belt [J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1997, 22(4) : 352 -356. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX704.003.htm
[18]	王涛, 裴先治, 胡能高, 等. 一种特殊类型的变质火山——沉积岩系及其单位划分问题[A]. 见: 陈克强, 汤家富. 构造地层单位研究[C]. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社, 1995.60-66. WANG T, PEI X Z, HU N G, et al. A special kind of metavolcano-sedimentary rock series and the classification of its units[A]. In : CHEN K Q, TANG J F, eds. Study of tectono-stratigraphy units[C]. W uhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 1995.60 -66.
[19]	张克信, 黄继春, 骆满生, 等. 东昆仑阿尼玛卿混杂岩沉积地球化学特征[J]. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 1999, 24(2) : 111-115. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX902.000.htm ZHANG K X, HUANG J C, LUO M S, et al. Sedimentary geochemical features of A' nimaqing mélange zone in eastern K unlun M ountains[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1999, 24(2) : 111 - 115. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX902.000.htm
[20]	Zhang K X, Huang J C, Yin H F, et al. A pplication of radiolarians and other fossils in non-Smith strata: ex amplified by the A' nimaqing mélang e belt in eastern Kunlun M ountains[J]. Science in China (Series D), 2000, 43 (4) : 364 -374. doi: 10.1007/BF02959447
[21]	Horton J W Jr. Mélanges and olistostromes of the U S Appalachians[J]. Geological Society of A merican Special P aper, 1989.228.
[22]	方宗杰. 关于非史密斯地层之我见[J]. 地层学杂志, 1998, 22(4) : 304 -307. FANG Z J. Remarks o n non-Smith stratig raphy[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 1998, 22(4) : 304-307.