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    当代生物多样性剧减与古—中生代之交生物绝灭的对比

    何卫红 殷鸿福 盛桂莲 周修高

    何卫红, 殷鸿福, 盛桂莲, 周修高, 2004. 当代生物多样性剧减与古—中生代之交生物绝灭的对比. 地球科学, 29(3): 263-268.
    引用本文: 何卫红, 殷鸿福, 盛桂莲, 周修高, 2004. 当代生物多样性剧减与古—中生代之交生物绝灭的对比. 地球科学, 29(3): 263-268.
    HE Wei-hong, YIN Hong-fu, SHENG Gui-lian, ZHOU Xiu-gao, 2004. Comparison of Modern Biodiversity Variation with Paleozoic-Mesozoic Biotic Crisis. Earth Science, 29(3): 263-268.
    Citation: HE Wei-hong, YIN Hong-fu, SHENG Gui-lian, ZHOU Xiu-gao, 2004. Comparison of Modern Biodiversity Variation with Paleozoic-Mesozoic Biotic Crisis. Earth Science, 29(3): 263-268.

    当代生物多样性剧减与古—中生代之交生物绝灭的对比

    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金重点项目 40232025

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      何卫红(1972-), 女, 讲师, 主要从事地层古生物的研究.电话:027-62161059.

    • 中图分类号: P53

    Comparison of Modern Biodiversity Variation with Paleozoic-Mesozoic Biotic Crisis

    • 摘要: 18世纪以来人类活动对环境造成了强烈破坏, 给生物多样性带来了巨大损失.为了了解生物多样性的变化趋势, 利用“绝灭物种统计法”、“种-区曲线法”和化石记录对400年以来的生物多样性和古—中生代之交的生物绝灭进行了分析.当代生物多样性剧减表现为物种的快速绝灭(从8×104种/Ma增大到1.2×106种/Ma), 而属的绝灭几乎为0;古—中生代之交生物绝灭的初始阶段也表现为物种的快速绝灭(从40种/Ma增大到150种/Ma), 并且这个阶段的属的绝灭速率远低于绝灭高峰阶段的相应值(即66属/Ma远小于465属/Ma), 可见当代生物多样性剧减相当于二叠—三叠系之交生物绝灭的初始阶段.

       

    • 图  1  1600—1990年动物绝灭种数的变化(数据来源: Groombridge, 1992)

      Fig.  1.  Extinction number of animal species from 1600 to 1990

      图  2  当代物种丧失速率的变化趋势(Groombridge, 1992)

      Fig.  2.  Change tendency of species erosional rate in Asia(a), Latin America(b) and Africa(c)

      图  3  二叠—三叠系之交属和种的相对绝灭率(根据化石的已有发现)

      a.根据Jin et al.(2000)和王玥等(2001)绘制成的属种绝灭率曲线(从大约253.4 Ma到250.4 Ma的物种分布统计结果); b.根据杨遵仪等(1991)绘制成的种绝灭率曲线(从大约251.6 Ma到250.7 Ma的物种分布统计结果); t1.绝灭的初始阶段; t2.绝灭高峰阶段; t3.绝灭后期

      Fig.  3.  Relative extinction rate of genus and species in the Permian-Triassic interval(based on present data)

      图  4  当代物种绝灭与二叠—三叠系之交生物绝灭过程的阶段对比

      Fig.  4.  Comparison of stage-subdivision of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction with stage-subdivision of current species extinction

      表  1  亚洲—非洲—拉丁美洲森林的覆盖面积及其清除率的变化(Groombridge, 1992)

      Table  1.   Preliminary estimation of forest area and forest cleared situation in Asia, Africa and Latin America

      表  2  亚洲—非洲—拉丁美洲的物种丧失量和物种减少的速率

      Table  2.   Number and rate of erosional species in Asia, Africa and Latin America

      表  3  华南二叠—三叠系之交物种绝灭数及其相对绝灭率(根据化石的已有发现)

      Table  3.   Extinction species number and its relative extinction rate in Permian-Triassic interval in South China(based on present data)

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      He, W.H., Feng, Q.L., Gu, S.Z., et al., 2004. Changhsingian(Upper Permian)radiolarian fauna from Meishan D Section, Changxing, Zhejiang in China and its possible paleoecological significance. Journal of Paleontology(in press).
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      Paul, S.M., Steadman, D.W., 1999. Prehistoric extinctions on islands and continents. In: Ross, D.E. MacPhee., ed., Extinctions in near time-causes, contexts, and consequences. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, 17-50.
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    出版历程
    • 收稿日期:  2003-10-17
    • 刊出日期:  2004-05-25

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