纳米粒子的熔点与粒径的关系

瞿金蓉; 胡明安; 陈敬中; 韩炜

纳米粒子的熔点与粒径的关系

中国地质大学资源学院, 湖北武汉 430074

详细信息

作者简介:
瞿金蓉(1964-), 女, 副教授, 中国地质大学矿物学、岩石学、矿床学博士生, 主要从事矿物物理化学、矿物纳米材料等方面的研究工作. E-mail: jrqu2003@yahoo.com.cn

中图分类号: P618.11;O433.54
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2004-07-15
- 刊出日期: 2005-03-25

Nanoparticle Size and Melting Point Relationship

Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 推导纳米粒子的熔点与其粒径的定量关系, 并从热力学的角度阐明纳米粒子烧结过程的实质及烧结温度与粒径的关系.利用热力学及表面化学的有关理论, 虚拟固相和液相之间的相变过程, 根据相平衡条件, 将纳米粒子的熔点与粒径联系起来, 并以金属铅(Pb) 为例进行计算.结果表明, 纳米粒子粒径越小, 比表面自由能越高, 其化学势则比相同条件下的块状固体高很多, 导致其熔点和烧结温度大大低于同样材质的块状固体.以金属Pb为例, 通过熔点和粒径之间的定量关系计算的结果与实验结果吻合.因此纳米粒子的熔点和烧结温度与其粒径有关, 即粒子越小, 熔点和烧结温度越低.
- 纳米粒子 /
- 熔点 /
- 烧结温度 /
- 粒径
Abstract: To deduce the quantitative relationship between the melting point of nanoparticles and their radius, and set forth the sintering processes of nano-systems and the qualitative relation between the sintering temperature and the radius of nanoparticles from a thermodynamics angle, the phase transition process between solid and liquid states has been proposed, and thermodynamics and surface chemistry theories and phase equilibrium conditions were used. The relationship was applicable to lead (Pb). The results show that owing to its small size and high special surface free energy, the chemical potential of a material in the form of nanoparticles was much higher than that of the bulk. As a result, the melting point of nanoparticles was depressed in comparison to that of the bulk crystals. The calculated results for met al lead were coincident with the experimental ones. So there is a relationship between the melting point and the sintering temperature of a nanoparticle and its radius. The smaller the nanoparticle radius, the lower the melting point and sintering temperature.
- nanoparticle /
- melting point /
- sintering temperature /
- radius

HTML全文

图 1 等压变温过程

Fig. 1. Melting point of nanoparticles

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图 2 纳米粒子的熔点与粒径的关系

Fig. 2. Size dependence of the melting point of nano particles

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表 1 纳米金属Pb的熔点随其粒径的变化

Table 1. Size dependence of the melting point of nano-Pb

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