Quantitative Simulation of Hydrocarbon Migration in Kuqa Depression
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摘要: 为了给库车坳陷的油气勘探提供定量依据, 使用盆地模拟软件BASIMS对该坳陷的地史、热史、成岩史、生烃史、排烃史及运聚史进行了全定量模拟.其中油气初次运移的模拟使用简易而实用的方法, 即: 对于油气初次运移, 采用沉积压实渗流法求排油、物质平衡法求排气; 对于油气二次运移, 采用基于浮力驱动及达西定律的拟三维运聚模型.除了讨论这些数值方法的敏感性参数(参数敏感性与风险分析、排烃分配因子、断层及不整合面的渗透率、油气储集单元的确定) 外, 给出了排烃史和运聚史的模拟结果, 其聚集量的模拟结果不仅在数量上而且在位置上与实际情况符合, 尤其是预测出的几个有利勘探目标后来被勘探结果所证实Abstract: The histories of stratigraphic burial, geotherm, diagenesis, hydrocarbon generation, expulsion and migration-accumulation are simulated quantitatively by means of the basin modeling software of BASIMS in order to provide the quantitative data for oil and gas exploration in Kuqa depression. Of them, hydrocarbon primary migration is simulated by the easy and practical methods, i.e. sedimentary compaction-filtration method is used to calculate the amount of expelled oil and the mass balance method to calculate the amount of expelled gas. The pseudo 3-D migration-accumulation model based on buoyancy and Darcy's Law is used to simulate on secondary hydrocarbon migration. The sensible parameters (parameter sensitivity and risk analyses, distribution ratio of hydrocarbons expelled, permeabilities in fault and unconformity zones, and determination of reservoir cell) in these numerical methods are discussed, and hydrocarbon expulsion and migration-accumulation histories have been simulated in detail. The modeling results are in agreement with the real pools not only on quantities but also on locations, and especially some predicted prospects have been proved by explorations later.
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图 1 库车坳陷构造及油气田分布(据赵靖舟和戴金星修改, 2002)
Fig. 1. Structures and reservoirs in Kuqa depression (modified from Zhao and Dai, 2002)
图 2 库车坳陷克拉2井油、气的累积生、排强度史
Fig. 2. Cumulative oil/gas generation/expulsion strength history of Well Kela 2 in Kuqa depression
图 3 库车坳陷地层J的排油强度(a)和排气强度(b) (累积至今)
Fig. 3. Cumulative oil expulsion strength (a) and gas expulsion strength (b) of formation J in Kuqa depression at present-day
图 4 库车坳陷分期的排油量史(a)、排气量史(b)
a.排油累积总量=13 767×106 t; 排油系数=46.8%;括号内数的单位: 106 t; b.排气累积总量=193 567×109 m3; 排气系数=95.5%;括号内数的单位: 109 m3
Fig. 4. Periodic oil expulsion history (a) and gas expulsion history (b) in Kuqa depression
图 5 库车坳陷地层E的油聚集强度(a)和气聚集强度(b) (累积至今)
Fig. 5. Cumulative oil accumulation strength (a) and gas accumulation strength (b) of formation E in Kuqa depression at present day
图 6 库车坳陷累积的油聚集量史(a)、气聚集量史(b)
a.油聚集累积总量=409.2×106 t; 油聚集系数=3.0%;括号内数的单位: 106 t; b.气聚集累积总量=2 244.9×109 m3; 气聚集系数=1.2%;括号内数的单位: 109 m3
Fig. 6. Cumulative oil accumulation history (a) and gas accumulation history (b) in Kuqa depression
表 1 库车坳陷烃源层J-T在主要储集层中的排烃分配因子
Table 1. Distribution ratios of hydrocarbons expelled from source-rock formations J-T
表 2 库车坳陷E油层和K气层所分布的油气田
Table 2. Oil/gas fields that have oil/gas reservoirs in Kuqa depression
表 3 库车坳陷烃类的生、排、聚总量及资源量
Table 3. Total amount of hydrocarbons generated, expelled, accumulated and reserves in place in Kuqa depression
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