Logging Data High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy
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摘要: 在准层序中进行层组一级地层单元的识别和对比是高分辨率层序地层学研究的主要难点.提出了一种综合应用井资料进行层组界面识别和对比的新方法.通过测井曲线形态特征、岩心观察、铸体薄片、X衍射、扫描电镜分析、FMI测井资料, 对工区内钙质夹层成因、泥岩电阻率差异、储层电阻率和海拔深度关系进行了研究.结果表明: 钙质夹层单层厚度在0.5~2m之间, 靠近风化壳和断层位置单层厚度大, 分布在水下分支河道底部和河口坝顶部; 低阻泥岩(4~5Ω·m)和高阻泥岩(> 10Ω·m) 分别来源于不同的沉积物源或者形成于不同的沉积相带; 储层电阻率随着海拔深度的增加而增加.因此, 钙质夹层可以作为层组界面识别和对比的标志, 利用泥岩电阻率差异可以确定层组的叠置关系, 判断储层连通性.据此, 建立了准噶尔盆地石南地区西山窑组含油层段等时地层格架, 确定了格架内储层的连通性及油水界面, 并且通过MDT测井资料进行了验证.在此等时地层格架内, 层组的发育顺序、叠置关系、空间展布形态、以及彼此之间的连通性都被定性、定量的表征出来.Abstract: The recognition and contrast of bed sets in parasequence is difficult in terrestrial basin high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. This study puts forward new methods for bed set boundary identification and contrast on the basis of manifold logging data. This paper considers the formation causes of calcareous interbeds, shale resistivity differences and the relation of reservoir resistivity to altitude, on the basis of log curve morphological characteristics, core observation, founding slice, X-diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the thickness of calcareous interbeds is between 0.5 m and 2 m and its thickness is increased on weathering crusts and faults. Calcareous interbeds occur at the bottom of a distributary channel and the top of a distributary mouth bar. Lower resistivity shale (4-5 Ω·m) and higher resistivity shale (>10 Ω·m) reflect differences in sediment fountain or sediment microfacies. Reservoir resistivity increases with altitude. So calcareous interbeds may become a symbol of recognition and isochronous contrast bed sets, and shale resistivity differences may confirm the stack relation and connectivity of bed sets. On the basis, the author founds the high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework of Xi-1 number in Shinan area in Junggar basin, and confirmed the connectivity of bed sets and oil-water contact. In this chronostratigraphic framework, the growth order, stack mode and space shape of bed sets are a qualitative and quantitative token.
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图 2 石英的次生加大及后期的方解石胶结
a.方解石胶结, 胶结物含量超过12%, 石南xx井, J2x12, 2 511 m, 钙质胶结砂岩, 透射光, 400×; b.方解石胶结, 胶结物含量超过12%, 石南xx井, J2x12, 2 511 m, 钙质胶结砂岩, 正交偏光, 400×
Fig. 2. Quartz secondary enlargement & terminal calcspar cementation
图 4 蒙脱石胶体电阻率随孔隙度、矿化度的变化关系(据Patchett, 1975)
Fig. 4. Relation of ascanite colloform resistivity to porosity and salinity
图 6 利用自然伽玛曲线(GR)和倾角模式(DIP) 描绘砂体形态
Fig. 6. GR curve shapes and DIP patterns help define and delineate sand bodies
图 7 层组单元地层倾角模式对比剖面(GR单位: gAPI; DIP单位: 度)
Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ分别代表层组发育顺序; Bs1、Bs2、Bs3、Bs4、Bs5分别代表层组编号
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