In-Situ Stress State in the Main Borehole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling
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摘要: 用钻孔崩落法确定了中国大陆科学钻探主钻孔5 047 m深度以上的现今地应力状态.由钻孔声波成像测井资料发现, 科学钻主钻孔在1 200 m深度以下出现了钻孔崩落现象.我们从1 216~5 047 m的深度范围内采集了143个钻孔成像测井图象资料, 对钻孔崩落椭圆长轴方位进行了统计, 结果表明崩落椭圆长轴平均方位为319.5°±3.5°, 最大水平主应力方位平均为49.5°±3.5°.利用崩落形状要素(崩落深度和崩落宽度) 以及岩石的内聚力和内摩擦角, 估算了1 269 m至5 047 m范围内52个深度上的最大和最小水平主应力的大小.结果表明, 在浅处1 216 m深度, 最大水平主应力为42 MPa, 最小水平主应力为30.3 MPa; 在深处5 000 mm深度, 最大水平主应力为160.5 MPa, 最小水平主应力为120 MPa; 地应力随深度近于线性增加.据岩石密度测井资料计算了各个深度上静负载应力.3个主应力的大小和方向反映出科学钻主孔位置的应力场处于走滑应力状态, 与临近地区地震震源机制解和其他方法得到的应力场一致.利用声发射法对岩心试件进行了声发射测量, 得到了最大水平主应力幅值, 并与崩落法测量结果进行了对比, 两者十分一致.Abstract: The breakouts began to occur under the depth of 1 200 m in the main borehole of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD), 143 breakout images are collected from acoustic borehole televiewer data between 1 216 m and 5 047 m. The average orientation of breakouts is 319.5°±3.5°. The average orientation of maximum horizontal stress is 49.5°±3.5°. Using breakout parameters measured from borehole breakouts (depth and width of breakout) and rock cohesion and inner friction angle determined from triaxial rock compression and deformation tests, the magnitudes of principal stress are calculated at 52 different depths from 1 269 m to 5 047 m. Overburden stress is calculated using the density logging data. The magnitude of maximum principal stress is determined using acoustic emissions. A comparison of measurement results of acoustic emission and borehole breakouts is carried out, and the results from the two methods are in good agreement. According to the orientations and magnitudes of three principal stresses, stress state (SH > Sv > Sh) in the area of CCSD indicates the strike-slip stress regime and is coincident with the strike-slip stress field observed from earthquake focal plane mechanisms.
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图 1 声波成像测井记录(a)和崩落后的钻井横断面(b)
Fig. 1. Acoustic borehole televiewer record (a) and section of borehole breakout (b)
图 2 钻孔崩落理论图
a.崩落区位置; b.压应力集中区剪切破裂面; θb.崩落角; φb.崩落跨度或崩落张角; σH.最大水平主应力; σh.最小水平主应力; rb.崩落深度; θ.最大水平主应力方向与崩落区的夹角
Fig. 2. Sketch of theoretical map for borehole breakout
图 3 不同深度的崩落长轴方位与最大水平主应力方位
Fig. 3. Orientation of breakouts and maximum horizontal principal stress
图 4 崩落长轴方位(a) 与最大水平主应力方位(b) 玫瑰花图
Fig. 4. Rose diagram showing the orientations of breakout (a) and maximum horizontal principal stress (b)
图 5 地应力随深度的变化
S1.最大水平主应力; S2.最小水平主应力; AE.声发射测量; Sv.铅直应力; L1.最大水平主应力回归线; L2.最小水平主应力回归线; Lv.铅直应力回归线
Fig. 5. Variation of rock stress with depth
图 6 中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD) 主孔位置及及钻孔崩落和震源机制解显示的应力格局示意图(钻孔附近地区的地应力资料源于Zoback et al., 1992)
BO为钻孔崩落指示的最大主应力方向; SS、TF、NF为震源机制解指示的最大主应力方向和应力格局; SS为走滑断层作用; TF为逆冲断层作用; NF正断层作用
Fig. 6. Sketch map for the location of Chinese Continental Scientific Drill (CCSD) and stress regime indicated by breakouts and earthquake focal mechanisms
表 1 最大和最小水平主应力的大小
Table 1. Magnitudes of the maximum horizontal principle stress and minimum horizontal principle stress
表 2 声发射法测量结果
Table 2. Result of acoustic emission measurement
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