川滇地区三维P波速度结构反演与构造分析

马宏生; 张国民; 闻学泽; 周龙泉; 邵志刚

川滇地区三维P波速度结构反演与构造分析

1.
中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京 100036
2.
中国地震局地球物理研究所, 北京 100081
3.
四川省地震局, 四川成都 610041
4.
中国地震台网中心, 北京 100036

基金项目:

国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 2004CB418401

国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 2004CB418403

国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 2004CB418406

详细信息

作者简介:
马宏生（1976-）, 男, 副研究员, 主要从事大陆强震机理与地震预测方法研究. E-mail: mhs@seis.ac.cn

中图分类号: P315
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2008-05-10
- 刊出日期: 2008-09-25

3-D P Wave Velocity Structure Tomographic Inversion and Its Tectonic Interpretation in Southwest China

1.
Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Adminstration, Beijing 100036, China
2.
Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Adminstration, Beijing 100081, China
3.
Earthquake Adminstration of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
4.
China Earthquake Network Center, Beijing 100036, China

摘要

摘要: 根据205个区域台站记录的近60000条地震初至P波走时资料, 采用层析成像理论与伪弯曲射线追踪方法, 反演了川滇地区地壳上地幔的三维P波速度结构.结合区域地质构造以及地球物理背景, 分析和解释了三维速度结构图像反映的川滇地区不同深度的介质结构与构造特征.结果表明: (1) 沉积盆地、高山山地等主要表现出速度负异常的特征, 有的高山山体负异常可深达下地壳与上地幔, 反映了新造山带的强烈构造隆升与相伴的重力均衡作用; (2) 川滇块体周缘大型活动断裂带附近的中下地壳内普遍存在低速层, 它们的存在为调节断裂和块体运动提供了深部解耦条件; (3) 根据对P波速度结构图像的分析, 识别和推断出川滇地区若干主要活动断裂的深部构造特征及它们倾向与下延深度.
- 川滇地区 /
- P波 /
- 三维速度结构 /
- 构造解释
Abstract: We have selected about 60000 arrival times recorded by 205 regional stations, with the seismic tomography theory and three dimensional ray tracing method, to determine a detailed three-dimensional (3-D) P wave velocity structure of the lithosphere in southwest China. Then we present the medium structure and tectonic characteristics of different depth which are reflected by the 3-D P wave velocity image in this area, integrated with the previous geological features and geophysical data. The results suggest that deposit basins and alpine mountainous regions present as negative anomaly, with some montage negative anomalies even extending to the deep crust or the upper mantle, which reflects the sharp rising of the new orogens and the concomitant gravity equilibrium; low-velocity layers exist far and wide in the middle and deep crust under the large fault zones around the Sichuan-Yunnan block, which can be taken as the decoupling layer adjusting the faults and blocks movement; some deep structures related with the main active faults, and the trends and extending depths can be distinguished from the P wave velocity image.
- Sichuan-Yunnan area /
- P wave /
- 3-D velocity structure /
- tectonic interpretation

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图 1 川滇地区活动断裂分布与活动块体划分图

1.第四纪沉积盆地; 2.湖泊水系; 3.走滑断层; 4.正断层; 5.逆断层.活动块体编号与名称: Ⅰ为马尔康块体; Ⅱ为川滇菱形块体, 可进一步划分成Ⅱ₁ (川西北) 和Ⅱ₂ (滇中) 2个次级块体; Ⅲ为保山-普洱块体; Ⅳ为密支那-西盟块体.P波速度结构垂直剖面线说明: 北西向A1A2剖面两个端点为(32°N, 98°E) 和(23°N, 104°E), 经向剖面B1B2的两个端点为(22°N, 101°E) 和(33°N, 101°E); 3条纬向剖面的C1C2端点为(25°N, 97°E) 和(25°N, 106°E), D1D2端点为(28°N, 97°E) 和(28°N, 106°E), E1E2端点为(30°N, 97°E) 和(30°N, 106°E)

Fig. 1. Sketch map showing active faults and blocks in southwest China

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图 2 川滇地区2000-2006年区域地震分布(a) 与台站分布(b)

○表示地震震中; ▲表示地震台站

Fig. 2. Distribution of epicenters (a) and seismic stations (b) in southwest China from 2000 to 2006

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图 3 不同深度P波检测板分辨检测结果

a.深度为5 km; b.深度为15 km; c.深度为25 km; d.深度为45 km; e.深度为65 km; f.深度为85 km

Fig. 3. Diagrams showing results of checkerboard resolution test at different depth

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图 4 川滇地区6个不同深度水平切面的P波速度(km·s^-1)结构图像(主要断裂带参见图1)

a.深度为5 km; b.深度为15 km; c.深度为25 km; d.深度为45 km; e.深度为65 km;f.深度为85 km

Fig. 4. Images of P wave velocity structure at different depth in southwest China

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图 5 北西向A1A2剖面的P波速度(km·s^-1)分布(a)及其疣动(b)图像

Fig. 5. Images of P wave velocity structure (a) and perturbation (b) along the vertical cross section A1A2

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图 6 沿东经101°线B1B2剖面的P波速度(km·s^-1) 分布(a) 及其扰动(b)

Fig. 6. Images of P wave velocity structure (a) and perturbation (b) along the vertical cross section B1B2

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图 7 纬向剖面P波速度(km·s^-1) 分布及其扰动

(a) 北纬25°C1C2剖面P波速度分布; (b) 北纬25°C1C2剖面P波速度扰动; (c) 北纬28°D1D2剖面P波速度分布; (d) 北纬28°D1D2剖面P波速度扰动; (e) 北纬30°E1E2剖面P波速度分布; (f) 北纬30°E1E2剖面P波速度扰动

Fig. 7. Images showing P wave velocity structures and perturbations along the latitudinal vertical cross sections

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表 1 采用的西南地区初始速度模型

Table 1. Initial model of P wave velocity in southwest China

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