Cathodoluminescence and Diagenesis of the Carbonate Rocks in Feixianguan Formation of Triassic, Eastern Sichuan Basin of China
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摘要: 四川盆地东部三叠系飞仙关组是近年来我国发现的重要天然气储层, 高孔隙度、高渗透率的碳酸盐储层都分布于白云岩地层中, 因而碳酸盐的成岩作用, 尤其是白云岩化作用和白云岩的成因为石油地质学家和沉积学家高度关注.对四川盆地东部罗家寨构造三叠系飞仙关组42个碳酸盐岩样品进行了阴极发光分析, 结合与之有关的Mn、Fe、Mg元素分析和岩石学研究, 讨论了包括白云岩化作用在内的碳酸盐岩成岩过程中可能的成岩流体性质及来源.四川盆地东部三叠系飞仙关组碳酸盐岩普遍具有很弱的阴极发光性, 这与其很低的Mn、Fe含量有关, 说明沉积期后非海相流体对飞仙关组碳酸盐岩的影响非常有限, 海源流体在成岩过程中发挥了主导作用; 不同石灰岩类型和不同白云岩类型仍然具有不同的阴极发光性, 成岩组分含量越高的碳酸盐岩, 或者说与沉积期后流体(主要是孔隙流体) 关系越密切的碳酸盐岩的阴极发光强度越低, 说明随着埋藏成岩作用的进行, 四川盆地东部三叠系碳酸盐岩孔隙流体受海源流体的影响是逐渐增强的; 阴极发光分析结果表明, 作为四川盆地东部主要储集岩的结晶白云岩形成机制与埋藏过程中的深循环流体有关, 这种深循环流体没有或很少穿越铝硅酸盐地层, 但穿越了三叠系内部的某些海相地层, 这些海相地层可能是广泛存在于四川盆地三叠系的蒸发盐地层, 由蒸发盐成岩过程提供的海源流体参与了结晶白云岩的白云岩化作用.Abstract: The Feixianguan carbonates of Triassic in Eastern Sichuan basin are the most important gas reservoir of China, and the reservoir with higher porosity and permeability is all dolomites, so the diagenesis, specially origin of dolomites is drawing increasing attention of petroleum geologists and sedmentologists. 42 carbonate samples, from Feixianguan Formation, Luojiazhai Gas Field of Eastern Sichuan basin, were studied by cathodoluminoscope. The results, together with the petrology analysis and Mn, Fe, Mg element tests, show that the carbonate rocks in Feixianguan Formation of Triassic, Eastern Sichuan basin of China generally have dull cathodoluminescence, which results from very low Mn and Fe contents, suggesting the limited influence of non-marine fluid during post-sedimentation. The diagenesis of the carbonates should have been governed by some kinds of marine fluid. However, the limestones and dolomites with different structures also display various cathodoluminescent intensities. The carbonates with more diagenetic components luminesce duller, in other words, the carbonates influenced by more post-sedimentary fluids (mainly pore waters) luminesce dull, suggesting the enhancement of marine fluid effect with the process of burial diagenesis. The cathodoluminescence of crystalline dolomite, which is the most important gas reservoir, reflects the deep burial conditions of diagenetic fluids that have not circulated through clastic rocks within the basin, but through some marine beds such as thick evaporates which are widely distributed in the Triassic of Sichuan basin. The dissolution or dehydration of evaporates provided the marine fluid that participated in the dolomitization of crystalline dolomite.
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图 1 四川盆地东部三叠纪飞仙关期岩相古地理图
(同时显示了罗2井和罗6井的位置, 据江兴福等, 2003修改)
Fig. 1. Sketch paleogeographic map for Feixianguan stage of Triassic, eastern Sichuan basin of China
图 2 罗2井采样井深段剖面柱状图(更详细的采样位置参见黄思静等(2006a)中的表 1和本文的表 2)
Fig. 2. General columnar section for the sampling interval of Feixianguan Formation of Triassic, well Luo 2 in eastern Sichuan basin of China
图 3 四川盆地东部三叠系飞仙关组不同碳酸盐岩的显微阴极发光照片
a.微晶或泥晶白云岩, 极强的橙色阴极发光, 罗2井, 3 196.2 m, 标尺长0.5 mm; b.具原始结构的粒屑白云岩, 强的橙色阴极发光, 罗2井, 3 213.5 m, 标尺长1 mm; c.微晶或泥晶灰岩, 中等强度的暗褐色阴极发光, 罗2井, 3 199.8 m, 标尺长0.5 mm; d.细晶白云岩, 弱的褐色阴极发光, 罗2井, 3 246.9 m, 标尺长1 mm; e.粒屑灰岩, 在束电压17 kV、束电流500 μA条件下无阴极发光, 束电压20 kV的条件下隐约可见视域中的粒屑, 可与其单偏光照片; f.对照, 罗2井, 3 290.0 m, 标尺长0.5 mm; g.灰质粒屑白云岩, 不均一阴极发光, 白云岩化的粒屑具弱的褐色阴极发光, 粒间方解石胶结物完全没有阴极发光, 罗6井, 3 967.9 m, 标尺长0.5 mm.未附加说明的, 测试条件均为束电压17 kV、束电流500 μA
Fig. 3. Cathodoluminescence photomicrographs for Feixianguan carbonates of Triassic, eastern Sichuan basin of China
图 4 四川盆地东部三叠系飞仙关组具不同阴极发光强度碳酸盐样品的Mn含量直方图(a) 和相应的Fe含量直方图(b)
Fig. 4. Histogram for Mn concentrations of the samples with different cathodoluminescence intensities (a) and corresponding histogram for Fe concentrations (b) in Feixianguan Formation of Triassic, eastern Sichuan basin of China
图 5 四川盆地东部三叠系飞仙关组不同类型碳酸盐岩的阴极发光强度分布直方图
Fig. 5. Histogram of cathodoluminescence intensity for different types of carbonate rocks in Feixianguan Formation of Triassic, eastern Sichuan basin of China
表 1 四川盆地东部三叠系飞仙关组不同岩石类型MgO、Mn、Fe含量平均值、白云石含量和阴极发光性
Table 1. Average concentrations of MgO, Mn, Fe, cathodoluminescence and dolomite for different types of carbonate rocks in Feixianguan Formation of Triassic, eastern Sichuan basin of China
表 2 四川盆地东部罗2井三叠系飞仙关组的微晶或泥晶灰岩、粒屑灰岩和亮晶方解石的MgO、Mn、Fe含量、白云石含量及其阴极发光性
Table 2. Average concentrations of MgO, Mn, Fe, dolomite for micrite and grainy limestones, sparry calcite in Feixianguan Formation of Triassic, well Luo 2 of eastern Sichuan basin of China
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