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    南海岩石圈破裂方式与扩张过程的三维物理模拟

    孙珍 孙龙涛 周蒂 蔡东升 李绪深 钟志洪 姜建群 樊浩

    孙珍, 孙龙涛, 周蒂, 蔡东升, 李绪深, 钟志洪, 姜建群, 樊浩, 2009. 南海岩石圈破裂方式与扩张过程的三维物理模拟. 地球科学, 34(3): 435-447.
    引用本文: 孙珍, 孙龙涛, 周蒂, 蔡东升, 李绪深, 钟志洪, 姜建群, 樊浩, 2009. 南海岩石圈破裂方式与扩张过程的三维物理模拟. 地球科学, 34(3): 435-447.
    SUN Zhen, SUN Long-tao, ZHOU Di, CAI Dong-sheng, LI Xu-shen, ZHONG Zhi-hong, JIANG Jian-qun, FAN Hao, 2009. Discussion on the South China Sea Evolution and Lithospheric Breakup through 3D Analogue Modeling. Earth Science, 34(3): 435-447.
    Citation: SUN Zhen, SUN Long-tao, ZHOU Di, CAI Dong-sheng, LI Xu-shen, ZHONG Zhi-hong, JIANG Jian-qun, FAN Hao, 2009. Discussion on the South China Sea Evolution and Lithospheric Breakup through 3D Analogue Modeling. Earth Science, 34(3): 435-447.

    南海岩石圈破裂方式与扩张过程的三维物理模拟

    基金项目: 

    国家重点基础研究973计划项目 2009CB219401

    国家重点基础研究973计划项目 2007CB41170405

    中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目 KZCX3-SW-234-1

    国家自然科学基金项目 40406012

    国家自然科学基金项目 40876026

    国家自然科学基金项目 40576027

    详细信息
    • 中图分类号: P736

    Discussion on the South China Sea Evolution and Lithospheric Breakup through 3D Analogue Modeling

    • 摘要: 南海的形成演化一直是国内外关注的热点之一.为了揭示南海的构造演化过程, 分析对比了3组物理模拟实验.实验结果表明, 断裂样式和裂谷带的走向与岩石圈的初始热流变结构密切相关.对比模拟结果与陆缘的断层样式, 推测在张裂初期, 陆坡区比陆架区具有相对热减薄的岩石圈, 从而导致不同构造位置上发育不同的裂陷特征.受下地壳和软流圈韧性流动的影响, 断层越是靠近扩张区, 倾角变得越平缓.实验揭示, 破裂首先以点状出现, 这些点不断扩大并互相连接形成连续的扩张区.共轭边缘常具有对称的形状, 向海盆方向对凹或者对凸.当离散边界附近有刚性块体时, 扩张区域的边界会明显受到地块边缘形态的影响.通过模拟实验, 推测破裂过程可能以较粘性的方式进行.西北次海盆的发育可能是沿着中-西沙地块北缘深裂陷槽破裂的结果.

       

    • 图  1  南海及邻区主要地质构造图

      磁条带解释参考Briais et al. (1993) (黄色和绿色) 及Hsu et al. (2004) (南海东北的白色线条带); NW.西北次海盆; SW.西南次海盆; YJ.阳江凹陷; WC.文昌凹陷; KP.开平凹陷; SD.顺德凹陷; LF.陆丰凹陷; CS.潮汕凹陷

      Fig.  1.  Tectonics of the South China sea and neighbor areas

      图  2  南海南北陆缘5条解释剖面

      L1据康西栋等(1994);L3据Huang et al. (2005); L4和L5据南海海洋研究所(2000);L1.解释剖面比L1剖面水平放大了两倍, 其他的解释剖面与地震剖面基本上具相同的水平比例尺; 剖面的位置见图 1

      Fig.  2.  Five interpreted profiles on the northern and southern margins of South China sea

      图  3  正常(a) 和减薄(b) 岩石圈及刚性地块(c) 的理论(黑实线) 与实验中(虚线) 的初始流变结构剖面, 初始模型设置(d, e)

      BC.脆性地壳; DC.韧性地壳; BM.脆性地慢; DM.韧性地慢; RM.刚性地块; 缩写字母的含义在以后的图件中相同

      Fig.  3.  Initial model setup, initial strength profiles of normal, thinned and rigid massif in nature (solid line) and experiment (dash line)

      图  4  塑料底板在加载前(a) 和两期加载作用后(b, c) 的表面样式图

      在白色虚线范围内, 底板上喷洒有滑石粉.箭头指示伸展方向, 板片北部和西部的实心圆点为固定点

      Fig.  4.  Surface view of the plastic boards before (a) and after two stages of deformation (b, c)

      图  5  正常厚度均匀模型实验结果(a1、b1、c1、d1) 与相应的构造解释图(a2、b2、c2、d2) (图例下同)

      每张图片底部的伸展量为三角形所指示的区域处的伸展量, 用相同线条(虚线、实线或点线) 圈定的区域为共轭边缘, 指示符号在后面的图片中都相同

      Fig.  5.  Surface view of experiment (a1, b1, c1, d1) and with line drawings (a2, b2, c2, d2) of normal homogenous lithosphere model

      图  6  减薄的均匀模型变形结果表面图(a1、b1、c1、d1) 和解释图(a2、b2、c2、d2)

      Fig.  6.  Experimental (a1, b1, c1, d1) and interpreted (a2, b2, c2, d2) surface view of thinned homogenous lithosphere model

      图  7  正常厚度不均一模型的变形结果表面图(a1, b1) 和解释图(a2, b2)

      Fig.  7.  Experimental (a1, b1) and interpreted (a2, b2) surface view of normal inhomogeneous lithosphere

      图  8  陆缘张裂、地幔上涌及相应的流变结构变化模式

      Fig.  8.  Schematic model for the continental rifting, mantle uprising and associated rheological profiles

      图  9  南海扩张历史模式

      BB.北部湾盆地; HN.海南岛; QD.琼东南盆地; PR.珠江口盆地; TXN.台西南盆地; TX.台西盆地; ZXS.中-西沙地块; LB.礼乐地块; TW.台湾

      Fig.  9.  Schematic figure showing the spreading history of the South China sea

      表  1  实验材料与对应地质体的参数特征

      Table  1.   Parameters of the analogue materials and the natural counterpart

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