西藏雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区量化地貌特征及其成因

张沛全; 高明星; 雷永良; 刘小汉

西藏雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区量化地貌特征及其成因

1.
中国科学院青藏高原研究所, 北京 100085
2.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
3.
中国石油勘探开发研究院, 中国石油天然气股份有限公司盆地构造与油气成藏重点实验室, 北京 100083

基金项目:

中科院知识创新工程重要方向项目 kzcx3-sw-143

详细信息

作者简介:
张沛全(1978-).男, 硕士.构造地质学专业.从事构造地质学和构造地貌学研究. E-mail.zhangpeiquan2007@126.com

中图分类号: P931.2;P343.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2008-07-28
- 刊出日期: 2009-07-25

Quantitative Terrain Analysis of the Great Canyon Region of Yalungzangbo River, Tibet and Discussion of Its Origin

1.
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085
2.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijig 100083
3.
Kay Ladwratbry of Basin Siruture and Perolem Accumulation, institute of Pemoleam Exploration and Develapmert, PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

摘要

摘要: 以数字高程分析、实地地貌调查及沉积物年代学为手段, 开展了西藏雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区地貌特征及其成因研究, 采用SRTM-DEM数据对地貌进行了量化分析.区域地貌总体特征为高海拔、高起伏、平山顶(北区).在ArcGIS平台中运用条带法获得该区的最大高程-平均高程-最小高程剖面, 剖面特征显示最大高程控制平均高程; 利用最大和最小高程剖面定量计算各地质单元的水系下切深度.实地调查及年代学研究发现该地区河谷沉积物以晚更新世以来的冰碛物和冰湖相沉积物为主.结果表明, 在雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区地貌演化过程中, 高山冰雪作用是地貌“削高”、“去顶”的重要外动力因素, 也是有助于“修平”山顶并形成齐一峰顶面的参与因素; 流水“切割”和“搬运”作用是形成地表高起伏的重要原因; 外流水系大大削弱了地貌“填低”作用, 也是导致河谷山谷沉积物年轻化的原因.
- 数字高程剖面 /
- 水系下切 /
- 冰川作用 /
- 地貌 /
- 雅鲁藏布江大拐弯
Abstract: In this paper, we take new SRTM-DEM data for digital elevation analysis, field surveying and chronology of sediments as means to study topographic features and its origin in the great canyon region of Yalung Zangbo River in Tibet.The new SRTM-DEM data are used for quantitative analysis for terrain.The overall geomorphic features are the high-altitude, high-relief and flat peaks (North).ArcGIS software, an analysis platform, is used to obtain statistics for Maximum-Mean-Minimum elevation profiles from a strip area in its SRTM-DEM.These profiles show that the change of Mean elevation is controlled by the change of Maximum elevation.Incision depth of different geological units can be calculated by Max and Min elevation profiles.Sediments in valleys include moraines and icy lake sediments formatted after late Pleistocene which is confirmed by our field investigation and chronological data of sediments.To sum up, glacier, drainage network incision and outflow drainage system control the geomorphology in the great canyon region of Yalungzangbo River during the cause of terrain formation.The Glacier on the high mountain is an important external factor that controls 'unroofing'.Drainage network incision and erosion play an important role of relief terrain.Due to the fact that basin filling is limited by outflow drainage system, not only deposits in moraines but also icy lake sediments in valleys are younger.
- digital elevation model (DEM) /
- drainage incision /
- glaciation /
- topography /
- the great canyon region of Yalung-zangbo River.

HTML全文

图 1 研究区位置(a)、数字高程剖面工作区域及地质单元(b)

图a中的小箭头表示季风方向; 图b中字母含义: N.南坳大断裂; P.派断裂; ML.东久-米林断裂; A.阿尼桥断裂

Fig. 1. Position of study region (a), DEM selected region and geological sketch map (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 数字高程剖面工作区及其周边的总体高程分布

黑色矩形框为数字高程剖面计算区域

Fig. 2. Selected area of the DEM profiles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 最大高程、最小高程和平均高程

该图为图 2中黑色矩形框中的计算结果

Fig. 3. Map of MAX-MEAN-MIN elevation fluctuation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各地海拔、年平均温度和年降水量情况

Table 1. Elevation, annual mean temperature and annual precipitation in different geomorphic units

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