土壤氡析出率活性炭累积吸附法

王南萍; 肖磊; 梅文科; 侯胜利

土壤氡析出率活性炭累积吸附法

王南萍^{1, 2,},
肖磊^{1, 2},
梅文科^{1, 2},
侯胜利^{1, 2}

1.
地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室和地下信息探测技术与仪器教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
2.
中国地质大学地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 40274023

国家自然科学基金项目 40674067

详细信息

作者简介:
王南萍(1957-), 女, 博士, 教授, 长期从事环境与辐射相关问题的教学与科研工作.E-mail: npwang@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P631.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2007-04-12
- 刊出日期: 2007-07-25

Activated Charcoal Cumulated Adsorption Method for Measuring Radon Exhalation Rate from Soil

WANG Nan-ping^{1, 2
,},
XIAO Lei^{1, 2},
MEI Wen-ke^{1, 2},
HOU Sheng-li^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources; Geo-detection Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
2.
School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 为解决大面积多点快速土壤氡析出率测量问题, 设计开发并进行了土壤氡析出率活性炭累积吸附法的方法技术研究.在参考氡析出率装置和野外实验数据的基础上, 进行了测量装置及材料的选择、装置刻度、野外累积暴露时间、活性炭盒吸附氡有效衰变常数等研究.通过2002-2003年22次重复观测, 北京西北郊区粘土类土壤氡析出率平均值为20.15mBq.m^-2.s^-1, 最大值和最小值分别为26.75和13.49mBq.m^-2.s^-1, 标准偏差为3.55mBq.m^-2.s^-1.与仪器静电收集法比对结果表明, 两种方法的相对误差小于±10%.实验结果表明: 活性炭方法测量结果稳定可靠, 简便易行, 适用于全国大面积土壤氡析出率调查.
- 土壤氡析出率 /
- 活性炭累积吸附法 /
- 伽玛能谱 /
- 静电收集法
Abstract: We designed and developed an activated charcoal cumulated adsorption method for measuring radon exhalation rate from soil to perform rapid observation at many sites in a large area. Based on the data of measurements on the radon exhalation facility and real-time soil radon exhalation rate in the field, we studied the types of the activated charcoal and sampling device, accumulated exposure time and radon effective decay constant. We investigated the soil radon exhalation in a university yard (sandy loam) from 2002-2003. The average of radon exhalation rate is 20.15 mBq·m^-2·s^-1; the standard deviation is 3.55 mBq·m^-2·s^-1, and the variety ranges from 13.49 to 26.75 mBq·m^-2·s^-1. By comparison, the results of activated charcoal absorption and an equipment of electrostatic collection are coincident with each other. The results revealed that the method of activated charcoal absorption is practical, feasible and rapid for measuring the ²²²Rn exhalation rate from soil in the field.
- soil radon exhalation rate /
- activated carbon adsorption /
- gamma-ray spectrometry /
- static collection

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图 1 活性炭累积吸附装置示意图(Wang and Xiao, 2004)

Fig. 1. The sketch map of device of activated charcoal cumulated adsorption (Wang and Xiao, 2004)

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图 2 刻度装置采样位置

Fig. 2. The sampling location on the reference facility

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图 3 累积箱内氡浓度增长与累积时间关系

Fig. 3. The relationship between radon concentration in the can and accumulated exposure time

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图 4 2002—2003年土壤氡析出率观测结果

Fig. 4. Radon exhalation rates at a university yard from 2002—2003

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图 5 电收集氡析出率测量仅结构示意图(ERS—2)

Fig. 5. Structural drawing of electrostatic collection device (ERS—2)

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表 1 不同累积时间求得的转换系数

Table 1. Factor k at corresponding accumulated exposure time

表 2 活性炭累积法与静电收集法土壤氡析出率测量结果对比

Table 2. The comparison of the results between activated charcoal adsorption and electrostatic collection

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