Geochemical Characteristics of Crude Oil and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Ordovician of Yuqixi Area, Tarim Basin
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摘要: 塔里木盆地沙雅隆起北部于奇西地区奥陶系为重质油勘探区，但于奇西1井（YQX1）奥陶系钻遇中-轻质油.为探求其油气来源，通过沙雅隆起52件原油样品的金刚烷化合物分析，于奇西地区奥陶系131件岩心样品的岩石学观察、流体包裹体系统分析测试和同一期次油包裹体的气相色谱（GC）分析及色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析，运用流体包裹体均一温度、单井埋藏史-热史图确定油气充注年龄，结合研究区断裂特征和盖层分布特征总结其油气成藏模式.结果表明，研究区原油普遍遭受生物降解作用并局部存在稠油与轻质油混合现象，同时奥陶系发育2~3期油气充注，分别为加里东晚期（452.5~420.5 Ma）、燕山期（150.2~100.6 Ma）和喜山期（20.1~2.1 Ma）；早期油气藏中原油因构造抬升发生生物降解而稠油化，晚期轻质油沿基底和寒武-奥陶系NW、NNE向走滑断裂垂向充注对早期油气藏进行混合改造，形成一定范围的中-轻质油藏.Abstract: Medium-light oil was discovered in the Ordovician of Well YQX1, which is located in heavy oil exploration area, North Shaya Uplift in the Tarim Basin. In order to figure out the origin of medium-light oil, 52 crude oil samples from Shaya Uplift have been employed to test diamondoid compounds, and diagenetic observation and fluid inclusions analyses on 131 core samples have been made. Geochemical characteristics of trapped oil in petroleum inclusions have been analyzed by GC-MS method. Hydrocarbon charging periods have been obtained by the method of homogenization temperature (Th) of fluid inclusion projecting on burial history diagram with thermal curve. Combining faults characteristics and caprock distribution of study area, the pattern of hydrocarbon accumulation has been rebuilt. It is found that biodegradation of crude oil is common and mixing of heavy oil and light oil has occurred in some parts of the study area. Besides, three events of hydrocarbon accumulation occurred in the Ordovician of Yuqixi area, in the Late Caledonian (452.5-420.5 Ma), the Yanshanian (150.2-100.6 Ma), and the Late Himalaya (20.1-2.1 Ma), respectively. Biodegradation of crude oil resulted from tectonic uplift, which was followed by vertical migration of light oil along NW, NNE strike-slip faults in the Cambrian and Ordovician, resulting in the formation of oil mixing and current medium-light oil pools.
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图 1 塔里木盆地于奇西地区地理位置（a、b）及YQX1井岩性柱状图（c）
Fig. 1. Location of Yuqixi area in the Tarim Basin(a、b)and the lithological column of Well YQX1(c)
图 2 于奇和雅克拉地区原油地化特征
Fig. 2. Geochemical characteristics of crude oil from Yuqi and Yakela areas
图 3 塔北地区原油金刚烷化合物参数图
MAI=1-MA/(1-MA+2-MA)，MDI=4-MD/(1-MD+3-MD+4-MD)，RⅠ=(1-MA+2-MA)/A，RⅡ=(1-MD+3-MD+4-MD)/DIA；其中A为单金刚烷，DIA为双金刚烷，1-MA为1-甲基单金刚烷，2-MA为2-甲基单金刚烷，1-MD为1-甲基双金刚烷，3-MD为3-甲基双金刚烷，4-MD为4-甲基双金刚烷
Fig. 3. Diamondoids parameters of crude oil from Tabei area
图 4 YQX1井奥陶系鹰山组成岩作用类型及成岩序次
a1、a2.YQX1-17，O1-2y，5 817.00 m，亮晶胶结颗粒灰岩；b1、b2.YQX1-13，O1-2y，5 816.13 m，云质灰岩；c1、c2、d1、d2.YQX1-12，O1-2y，5 816.00 m，云质灰岩；e1、e2、f1、f2.YQX1-14，O1-2y，5 816.45 m，灰质云岩；g1、g2、h1、h2.YQX1-15，O1-2y，5 816.55 m，云质灰岩
Fig. 4. Diagenetic types and sequence of Ordovician Yingshan Formation of Well YQX1
图 5 于奇西地区油包裹体显微荧光照片
a1、a2.YQX1-15，O1-2y，5 816.55 m，云质灰岩，白云石中原生橙红色荧光油包裹体；b1、b2.YQX1-13，O1-2y，5 816.33 m，云质灰岩，方解石脉中次生黄绿色荧光油包裹体；c1、c2.YQX1-1，O1-2y，5 783.04 m，泥晶灰岩，方解石脉中原生稠油包裹体；d1、d2.YQ201-1，O1-2y，6 237 m，亮晶胶结颗粒灰岩，方解石脉中原生蓝绿色荧光油包裹体. a1、b1、c1、d1为透射光照片，a2、b2、c2、d2为对应的荧光照片；图中数据为该包裹体均一温度
Fig. 5. Fluorescent micrographs of oil inclusions in Ordovician of Yuqixi area
图 6 于奇西地区奥陶系油气充注年龄及成藏期次
Fig. 6. Hydrocarbon charging ages and periods of hydrocarbon accumulation of Ordovician in Yuqixi area
图 7 于奇地区原油饱和烃气相色谱图
a. YQX1井，5 773.20~5 850 m，O1-2y，Pr/Ph=0.84~1.07，主峰碳为nC16；b. YQX101井，5 952.56~6 170 m，O1-2y，Pr/Ph=0.90，主峰碳为nC17；c. YQ5井，5 936~6 040 m，O1-2y，Pr/Ph=0.75，双峰型；d. YQX1-1井，5 920~5 985 m，O1-2y，Pr/Ph=0.90，主峰碳为nC17；e. YQX101井，6 137~6 145.10 m，O1-2y，Pr/Ph=1.01，主峰碳为nC17；f. YQ9井，5 722~5 760 m，O1-2y，Pr/Ph=0.69，主峰碳为nC20
Fig. 7. Chromatograms (TIC) of saturated hydrocarbons of crude oil from Yuqi area
图 8 于奇西-艾丁北部地区奥陶系风化壳顶面致密碳酸盐岩盖层与T74断裂叠合图
Fig. 8. Dense carbonate cap combining with T74 fault of Ordovician in Yuqixi and northern Aiding areas
表 1 于奇地区原油物理性质
Table 1. Physical properties of crude oil from Yuqi area
井号 井深（m） 层位 密度（g/cm3） 粘度（mPa·s） 凝固点（℃） 含硫量（%） 含蜡量（%） YQ14 4 831~4 834 K1y 0.826 4.53 10 0.21 8.25 YQ14 4 848~4 852 0.818 3.52 10 0.22 7.93 YQ4 5 178~5 180 T3h 0.813 2.87 -8 0.40 9.14 YQ15 5 101~5 103 0.944 2 338.76 5 1.81 7.61 YQ3 5 241~5 244 0.924 294.11 -12 1.39 10.16 YQ5 5 938.23~6 040 O1-2y 1.035 > 50 1.16 3.62 YQ9 5 721.95~5 760 1.039 > 50 3.12 2.87 YQX1 5 773.52~5 850 O1-2y 0.863 12.27 < 34 0.37 3.24 
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表 2 于奇地区原油族组成
Table 2. Group composition of crude oil from Yuqi area
井号 深度
（m）层位 族组成（%） 饱芳比 饱和烃 芳烃 总烃 非烃 沥青质 非+沥 YQ14 4 848~4 852 K1y 76.97 15.53 92.32 7.68 0.00 7.68 5.01 YQ14 4 831~4 848 83.57 11.62 95.19 4.81 0.00 4.81 7.19 YQ4 5 178~5 180 T3h 79.94 12.83 92.77 4.72 2.51 7.23 6.23 YQ15 5 101~5 103 45.73 17.91 63.64 12.84 23.88 36.72 2.53 YQ3 5 241~5 244 45.77 15.74 61.51 11.08 27.41 38.49 2.91 YQ5 5 938~6 040 O1-2y 21.39 22.38 43.77 8.91 47.33 56.24 0.96 YQ9 5 721~5 760 18.33 28.79 47.12 9.85 43.03 52.88 0.64 YQX1 5 773.52~5 850 O1-2y 60.19 23.40 83.59 8.42 7.28 15.7 2.57
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表 3 沙雅隆起原油生物标志物和成熟度参数
Table 3. Biomarkers and maturity parameters of crude oil from Shaya Uplift
地区 井号 样品 深度
(m)层位 主峰碳 OEP Pr/
nC17Ph/
nC18Pr/
Ph∑C21-/
∑C22+D 雅克拉 YK20 原油 5 325.50~5 339 K1y C14 0.33 0.45 0.87 6.13 0.12 QG1 原油 5 733~5 809.96 ϵ1 C10 1.03 0.21 0.26 0.96 4.39 0.05 YK11 原油 5 415.50~5 431.85 Z2 C17 0.33 0.45 0.87 2.42 0.12 YK11 原油 5 415~5 431 Z C15 1.01 0.38 0.44 1.05 4.35 0.06 于奇 YQ14 原油 4 848~4 852 K1y C15 0.29 0.26 1.39 4.63 -0.03 YQ3 油砂 5 248.53~5 248.58 T3h C19 0.97 0.36 0.52 0.55 1.51 0.16 YQ4 原油 5 178~5 180 T3h C13 0.35 0.45 0.98 2.72 0.10 YQ15 原油 5 101~5 103 T3h C16 0.37 0.50 0.79 2.88 0.13 YQ9 原油 5 722~5 760 O1-2y C19 1.07 0.37 0.53 0.69 1.84 0.16 YQ5 原油 5 951.50~6 040 O1-2y C17 0.99 0.40 0.54 0.78 2.08 0.14 DuH2 原油 5 774~5 840 O1-2y C19 1.35 0.38 0.50 0.80 1.19 0.12 YQ3 油砂 5 910.47~5 912.07 O1-2y C18 0.90 0.38 0.48 0.57 4.46 0.10 YQX1 原油 5 773.52~5 850 O1-2y C16 1.07 2.68 0.00 YQX1 原油 O1-2y 0.40 0.48 0.84 0.08 塔河 TS3 原油 5 822.45~6 168.24 O1-2y C15 0.52 0.80 0.40 4.39 0.28 T759 原油 O1-2y C15 1.03 0.34 0.41 1.00 3.89 0.07 S108-D 原油 O1-2y C15 1.07 0.41 0.52 0.94 2.17 0.11
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表 4 塔北地区奥陶系同一期次油包裹体成分分析
Table 4. Composition of oil inclusions in the same period in Ordovician of Tabei area
井号 层位 深度
(m)宿主
矿物油包裹体
荧光颜色λmax
(nm)Pr/
PhPr/
nC17Ph/
nC18∑C20-/
∑C21+T904 O2yj 5 893.50 溶洞充填方解石 亮蓝色 459~462 - - - - S75 O1-2y 5 583.57 溶洞充填方解石 黄色 538~548 0.41 0.48 0.97 0.58 YQ7 O1-2y 5 383.97 裂缝充填方解石 黄绿色 519 - - - - YQ8 O1-2y 6 229.97 裂缝充填方解石 亮蓝色 456~461 0.97 0.57 0.47 - YQ9 O1-2y 5 755.82 裂缝充填方解石 黄色 540~545 - - - - YQ12 O3l 6 598.06 裂缝充填方解石 亮蓝色 462~492 - - - -
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