Characters of North-West Mud Diapirs Volcanoes in South China Sea and Relationship between Them and Accumulation and Migration of Oil and Gas
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摘要: 泥底辟与泥火山成因机制相同，发育演化特征相似，但最终地质形态及存在形式有所差异.通过深入分析南海西北部莺歌海盆地泥底辟与东北部台西南盆地泥火山发育展布特点及伴生天然气地球化学特征，指出莺歌海盆地泥底辟主要分布于盆地中部的莺歌海深大凹陷，且沿盆地NW方向呈五行雁行式排列，泥底辟发育演化具有明显的低密、低速和异常高温超压的特点；而台西南盆地泥火山主要展布于南部凹陷陆坡深水区和台湾陆上台南-高雄地区，陆上泥火山多沿深大断裂带分布，地面形态特征类似火山形态，多具有喷口，海域泥火山的海底形态亦与其相似，但研究程度较低.泥底辟及泥火山伴生烃类天然气成因类型较多，但以成熟-高熟煤型烃类气为主；伴生的非烃气CO2和N2丰富，但以无机壳源型CO2为主.泥底辟及泥火山的泥源层均为中新世及上新世海相坳陷沉积的巨厚泥页岩，本身即具生烃潜力，其成熟生烃及其与泥底辟/泥火山运聚通道和底辟伴生构造的良好配置，则构成了其独特的泥底辟/泥火山油气运聚成藏系统，进而控制了这种“泥底辟/泥火山型油气藏”的分布.Abstract: It has geological and mode of occurrence differences between mud diapirs and mud volcanoes though the similar genesis and the characters of evolution and development. Mud diapirs in Yinggehai basin located in the central deep depression, appeared on five north-west lines and had characters of low density, low wave velocity, high temperature and high pressure however mud volcanoes in Southwest Taiwan basin located in the continental deep-water distract in the south depression and Tainan-Kaohsiung distract in Taiwan. It located along the discordogenic fault and usually had calderas also sea floors. Mud diapirs and mud volcanoes had many styles of accompanying gas to be mainly of the mature-post mature coaliferous gas and had abundence CO2 and N2 to be mainly of the inorganic-crustal CO2. The mud formations were Miocene and Pliocene marine mud shales which was souce rocks, furthermore it made a effictive system with the channel and affiliated structures generated by mud diapirs and mud volcanoes, so it was a particular petroleum system controlling the distribution of oil and gas.
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图 1 南海北部大陆边缘主要沉积盆地分布及研究区位置
Fig. 1. The main sedimentary basins distribution and location of study area in continental margin of South China Sea
图 2 台西南盆地构造单元组成、泥火山分布范围及泥源层发育特征
Fig. 2. Tectonic unit, mud volcano distribution and mud source layer development characteristics of Southwest Taiwan basin
图 3 莺歌海盆地中央泥底辟带异常超压分布特征(据欧本田，2003①)
Fig. 3. Distribution characteristics of abnormal overpressure in mud diapir belt of Yinggehai basin
图 4 莺歌海盆地中央泥底辟构造带3种类型泥底辟发育特征之典型地震地质解释剖面
Fig. 4. Seismic profiles with the typical geological interpretation three types of mud diapir development characteristics in central mud diapir belt of Yinggehai basin
图 5 莺歌海盆地泥底辟与台西南盆地泥火山伴生天然气地球化学特征及成因类型
Fig. 5. Geochemistry and genesis of associated natural gas type in mud diapirism of Yinggehai basin and mud volcano in the Southwest Taiwan basin
图 6 莺歌海盆地泥底辟烃源岩与天然气伴生凝析油甾萜烷分布对比
Fig. 6. Comparison of mud diapir source rocks with associated condensate and natural in Yinggehai basin
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