埋藏环境硫酸盐岩岩溶发育的微生物机理

张凤娥; 张胜; 齐继祥; 张云; 宋淑红

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2010.015

埋藏环境硫酸盐岩岩溶发育的微生物机理

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2010.015

中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所，河北石家庄 050061

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 40572144

国家重点研究发展规划“973”项目 2006CB403200

详细信息

作者简介:
张凤娥(1964-)，女，博士，研究员，主要从事水文地质研究.E-mail: feng_ezhang@163.com

中图分类号: P641;X141
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2009-06-13
- 刊出日期: 2010-01-01

Bacterial Mechanism of the Development of Sulfate Karst in Burial Environment

Institute of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China

摘要

摘要: 针对我国广泛分布的碳酸盐-硫酸盐岩混合建造，选择其中的硫酸盐岩作为研究对象，通过室内水-岩和水-岩-细菌两个封闭系统的硫酸盐岩溶蚀模拟实验，模拟了细菌数、温度、时间等因素对反应系统水化学组分的影响，研究了两个系统内的地球化学作用.结果表明，水-岩系统内发生的是硫酸盐岩溶解作用；水-岩-细菌系统内发生了细菌硫酸盐还原作用和细菌硫酸盐还原驱动的硫酸盐岩溶解作用，导致埋藏环境硫酸盐岩岩溶的发育，进而增强了与硫酸盐岩共生的碳酸盐岩的渗透性.研究成果开拓了油气储层古岩溶研究的新思路.
- 硫酸盐岩岩溶 /
- 硫酸盐还原菌 /
- 细菌硫酸盐还原 /
- 水-岩-细菌系统 /
- 埋藏环境 /
- 水文地质
Abstract: The present work is designed to simulate the dissolution of sulphate rock under various conditions of different bacterial cell numbers, temperatures and reaction times both in water-rock and water-rock-bacteria systems by laboratory experiment. The results show that chemical dissolution of sulphate rock is dominated in water-rock system, while bacterial sulphate reduction process and the dissolution of sulphate rock driven by bacterial sulphate reduction are dominated in water-rock-bacteria system. The dissolution of sulphate rock driven by bacterial sulphate reduction resultes in the formation of sulphate karst, which enhances the permeability of carbonate rock coexisted with sulphate rock. The research is an insight into biokarst, which provides a new perspective for the field of petroleum geology.
- sulfate karst /
- sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) /
- bacterial sulfate reduction /
- water-rock-bacteria system /
- burial environment /
- hydrogeology

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图 1 硫酸盐岩中分离的硫酸盐还原菌的扫描电镜照片

a.培养温度35℃；b、c、d.培养温度均为50℃，均放大18000倍

Fig. 1. Sulphate-reducing bacteria under SEM isolated from sulphate rock

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图 2 实验流程图

Fig. 2. Scheme of the experiment in laboratory

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图 3 水-岩系统Ca²⁺与SO₄^2-关系

Fig. 3. Relationship between Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2- concentration in water-rock system without SRB

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图 4 水-岩-细菌系统的H₂S浓度

Ⅰ.5%菌液(50℃)；Ⅱ.5%菌液(35℃)；Ⅲ.0.5%菌液(35℃)

Fig. 4. Concentrations of H₂S in closed water-rock-bacteria system

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图 5 水-岩系统和水-岩-细菌系统的溶蚀特征

l.0%菌液(50 ℃); II.0%菌液(35 ℃); III. 5%菌液(50 ℃); IV.5%菌液(35 ℃); V.0.5%菌液(35 ℃)

Fig. 5. Character in the systems of water-rock without bacteria and water-rock-bacteria

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表 1 硫酸盐岩化学组成(%)

Table 1. Chemical compositions of the sulfate rock

K₂O	Na₂O	CaO	MgO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	TiO₂	TFe₂O₃	MnO	P₂O₅	SO₃	烧失量	酸不溶物	H₂O⁺	H₂O^-
0.022	0.0045	32.51	0.31	0.17	0.11	0.007	0.093	0.0015	0.01	46.25	21.28	0.23	20.24	0.05
注：国土资源部河北省中心实验室完成测试.

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表 2 硫酸盐岩中矿物成分及其含量

Table 2. Components and contents of minerals in the sulfate rock

矿物名称	占岩样(%)	占硫酸盐矿物(%)
石膏	95.85	96.93
半水石膏	3.03	3.07

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表 3 水-岩-细菌反应系统的物理、化学参数

Table 3. Physical and chemical composition of water measured in the water-rock-bacteria system

反应时间(d)	0.5%菌液(35℃)						5%菌液(35℃)					5%菌液(50℃)
反应时间(d)	ORP (mV)	Ca²⁺ (mmol/L)	SO₄ ^2- (mmol/L)	Ca²⁺/ SO₄ ^2-	H₂S (mmol/L)	H₂S/ SO₄ ^2-	Ca²⁺ (mmol/L)	SO₄ ^2- (mmol/L)	Ca²⁺/ SO₄ ^2-	H₂S (mmol/L)	H₂S/ SO₄ ^2-	Ca²⁺ (mmol/L)	SO₄ ^2- (mmol/L)	Ca²⁺/ SO₄ ^2-	H₂S (mmol/L)	H₂S/ SO₄ ^2-
4	-288.9	7.81	3.91	2.00
5	-297.4	4.15	6.84	0.61
6		7.33	5.86	1.25			6.04	10.01	0.60	0.95	0.09	10.62	12.48	0.85	5.90	0.47
10							9.76	9.37	1.04	2.41	0.26	12.87	10.16	1.27	6.36	0.63
11	-341.2	9.28	8.06	1.15
13							8.89	9.66	0.92			13.52	11.05	1.22
14	-360.0	10.99	9.52	1.15	0.85	0.09
17							11.88	11.07	1.07	1.84	0.17	14.50	9.67	1.50	8.76	0.91
18		11.72	9.03	1.30
21							11.38	10.24	1.11			14.40	9.12	1.58
21.5	-360.7	7.33	5.47	1.34	0.94	0.17
25	-346.4	11.96	10.35	1.16	0.64	0.06	11.53	13.27	0.87	2.15	0.16	17.13	12.89	1.33	9.06	0.70
29	-396.2				0.70
31							15.28	15.52	0.98	0.71	0.05	25.42	19.89	1.28	7.09	0.36
33	-393.1						14.27	14.49	0.98	0.31	0.02	23.59	18.06	1.31	5.72	0.32
35							13.25	16.01	0.83	0.26	0.02
注：国土资源部水文地质环境地质专业测试中心完成了化学组分的测试.

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