峨眉火成岩省内带岩浆硫化物含矿岩体橄榄石的成因意义

官建祥; 宋谢炎; LeonidV.Danyushevsky; 陈列锰; 聂晓勇

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2010.022

峨眉火成岩省内带岩浆硫化物含矿岩体橄榄石的成因意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2010.022

官建祥^{1, 2},
宋谢炎^1, ,,
LeonidV.Danyushevsky³,
陈列锰^{1, 2},
聂晓勇^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院地球化学研究所, 矿床地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵州贵阳 550002
2.
中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049
3.
School of Earth Sciences and Centre for Ore Deposit Research, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 272-79, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia

基金项目:

国家"973"计划 2007CB411408

国家重点自然科学基金 40730420

详细信息

作者简介:
官建祥(1982-), 男, 博士研究生, 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业

通讯作者:
宋谢炎, E-mail: songxieyan@vip.gyig.ac.cn

中图分类号: P574.2;P571
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2008-12-10
- 刊出日期: 2010-03-01

Genetic Significances of Olivine from Magmatic Sulfide Ore-Bearing Intrusions in Central Zone of Emeishan Large Igneous Province

1.
State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
2.
Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
School of Earth Sciences and Centre for Ore Deposit Research, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 272-79, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia

摘要

摘要: 峨眉火成岩省内带出露数十个含Ni-Cu-铂族元素(PGE)硫化物矿床(或矿化)的镁铁质-超镁铁质侵入岩体.根据铂族元素(PGE)含量的不同, 这些岩浆硫化物矿床可分为Ni-Cu型(如力马河和清水河)、Ni-Cu-PGE型(如清矿山和黄草坪)和PGE型(如金宝山和杨合武).不同类型含矿岩体的橄榄石电子探针分析表明, 除了清矿山岩体少数几个橄榄石晶体属于镁橄榄石外(Fo_90.1~Fo_93.1), 其余均为贵橄榄石(Fo_76.8~Fo_89.6).不同矿化类型的岩体的橄榄石成分差异明显.Ni-Cu型硫化物含矿岩体的橄榄石Fo为77~87, Ni含量变化范围为(976~2 176)×10^-6.Ni-Cu-PGE型硫化物含矿岩体的橄榄石Fo为80~86, Ni含量范围为(1 024~2 543)×10^-6.PGE型硫化物含矿岩体的橄榄石Fo为78~84, Ni含量在(776~1 755)×10^-6之间变化.清矿山Ni-Cu-PGE型硫化物含矿岩体橄榄石具有高Fo(最高达93.1)和CaO含量(0.245%~1.14%)、以及非常低的Ni(266×10^-6)的特征, 可能是同化混染作用的结果.利用力马河岩体最高Fo含量的橄榄石成分计算表明, 母岩浆是高镁苦橄玄武质岩浆.橄榄石分离结晶和硫化物熔离模拟显示: Ni-Cu型矿化侵入体母岩浆经历了最广泛的硫化物熔离(~0.1%), Ni-Cu-PGE型侵入体次之, 大约为0.06%, 而PGE型侵入体母岩浆硫化物熔离程度最低(~0.02%).早期结晶的橄榄石晶体与间隙硅酸盐熔浆之间再平衡过程是橄榄石成分变化的原因.
- 峨眉火成岩省内带 /
- 岩浆硫化物矿床 /
- 橄榄石 /
- 分离结晶 /
- 硫化物熔离 /
- 晶间熔浆效应
Abstract: Several mafic-ultramafic intrusions hosting economic Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide deposits and sub-economic sulfide mineralization occur in the central zone of the Emeishan large igneous province (LIP). These magmatic sulfide deposits can be divided into the Ni-Cu type (e.g. Limahe and Qingshuihe), Ni-Cu-PGE type (e.g. Qingkuangshan and Huangcaoping) and PGE type (e.g. Jinbaoshan and Yanghewu), according to the variations in the content of platinum-group elements (PGE). Electron microprobe analyses of olivine show that almost all olivine crystals are chrysolite (Fo_76.8-Fo_89.6), with an exception of some grains from the Qingkuangshan intrusion which are forsterite (Fo_90.1-Fo_93.1). The compositions of olivine are distinct between intrusions containing different types of sulfides. For the Ni-Cu sulfide-bearing intrusions, the Fo and Ni contents of olivine range from 77 to 87 and from 976×10^-6 to 2 176×10^-6, respectively. Olivine crystals in the Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide-bearing intrusions have Fo numbers varying from 80 to 86 and (1 024-2 543)×10^-6 Ni. The PGE sulfide-bearing intrusions contain olivine crystals with Fo numbers ranging from 78 to 84 and Ni contents of 776×10^-6 to 1 755×10^-6. The olivine from the Qingkuangshan intrusion, which contains economic Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides, is distinct from others by its high Fo numbers (up to 93.1) and CaO content (0.24%-1.14%) and extremely low Ni (266×10^-6). The Ni concentrations and Mg^# of parental magma have been estimated by using the compositions of most Fo-rich olivine crystals and the results show a high-MgO picritic-basaltic magma. Modeling of olivine fractional crystallization and sulfide segregation show that the parental magma for the Ni-Cu type mineralized intrusions has experienced the most extensive sulfide segregation (~0.1%). For the Ni-Cu-PGE type intrusions, it is ~0.06%, and for the PGE type intrusions it is ~0.02%. Re-equilibration of the early formed olivine crystals with the trapped liquid can account for the variations of olivine compositions.
- central zone of Emeishan large igneous province /
- magmatic sulfide deposit /
- olivine /
- fractional crystallization /
- sulfide segregation /
- trapped silicate liquid effect

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图 1 峨眉火成岩省内带镁铁质—超镁铁质含矿岩体分布简图(据宋谢炎等，2005改绘)

Ⅰ.含Ni-Cu硫化物矿化岩体：2.黄草坪；3.丹桂；5.黄草；8.垭口；12.力马河；13.黄土坡；18.纳拉箐；19.水平；20.拱青山；Ⅱ.含PGE硫化物矿化岩体：7.大槽；14.杨合武；21.朱布；23.猛林沟；25.迎风；26.金宝山；Ⅲ.含Ni-Cu-PGE硫化物岩体：9.清水河；15.清矿山；16.核桃树；Ⅳ.含巨型V-Ti磁铁矿矿床岩体：1.太和；4.白马；10.红格；17.攀枝花；Ⅴ.含PGE矿化和V-Ti磁铁矿岩体：6.新街；11.中十沟；22.热水塘；24.安益

Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the inner Emeishan large igneous province showing the distribution of mineralized mafic-ultramafic intrusions

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图 2 峨眉火成岩省内带典型硫化物含矿岩体地质图与剖面图(a、b、c据Song et al., 2008; d据姚家栋, 1988)

a.力马河岩体；b.清水河岩体地质图和剖面图；c.清矿山岩体地质图；d.杨合武岩体地质图和剖面图.1.中元古代变质岩系；2.橄榄岩；3.橄辉岩；4.辉石岩；5.含长辉石岩；6.辉长岩脉；7.角岩；8.推测断层

Fig. 2. Geological maps and cross sections of typical sulfide mineralized mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the central zone of ELIP

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图 3 峨眉火成岩省内带铜镍(铂)硫化物含矿岩体橄榄石成分相关关系

Fig. 3. Compositional correlation diagrams of olivines from different sulfide mineralized mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the inner Emeishan Large Igneous Province

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图 4 橄榄石分离结晶、硫化物熔离及晶间熔浆作用模拟

a.Ni-Cu型矿化岩体；b.Ni-Cu-PGE矿化岩体；c.PGE型矿化岩体；Ⅰ.橄榄石分离结晶模拟曲线，F为分离结晶程度；Ⅱ.橄榄石分离结晶和硫化物熔离同时发生：Ⅱa.两者同时发生；Ⅱb.橄榄石分离结晶6%后，出现硫化物熔离；Ⅱc.橄榄石分离结晶2.5%后，出现硫化物熔离；Ⅲ.晶间熔浆作用(TSL)模拟

Fig. 4. Modeling of olivine fractional crystallization, sulfide segregation and trapped silicate liquid (TSL) effect

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表 1 峨眉火成岩省内带铜镍硫化物含矿侵入体橄榄石氧化物平均成分(%)、Ni含量(10^-6)

Table 1. Olivine compositions of selected samples from different intrusions

矿化类型	Ni-Cu型						Ni-Cu-PGE型						PGE型
岩体名称	力马河				清水河		清矿山			黄草坪			杨合武				金宝山
样号	SL05-5	SL05-7	SL05-9	SL05-10	SQS05-3	SQS05-4	SQ05-4	SQ05-8	SQ05-9	SH05-3	SH05-4	SH05-11	SY05-2	SY05-3	SY05-4	SY05-7	JB-19
岩性	辉长岩	橄辉岩	橄辉岩	橄辉岩	橄辉岩	橄辉岩	浸染状矿石	浸染状矿石	浸染状矿石	辉长岩	橄辉岩	橄辉岩	橄辉岩	橄辉岩	橄辉岩	橄辉岩	橄辉岩
点数	10	1	6	7	3	1	7	7	8	10	6	13	3	10	17	11	6
SiO₂	38.9	38.7	38.8	39.2	39.6	39.2	39.9	39.9	39.8	38.8	38.9	39.1	39.0	38.8	38.8	38.6	39.2
TiO₂	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01
Al₂O₃	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02
FeO	16.6	17.9	18.3	16.9	14.7	16.0	12.2	13.0	11.6	17.2	16.7	14.9	19.3	19.8	19.2	20.6	15.5
MnO	0.21	0.24	0.23	0.21	0.20	0.20	0.18	0.20	0.19	0.22	0.21	0.19	0.27	0.25	0.24	0.29	0.22
MgO	43.4	42.3	42.0	43.3	44.7	43.9	46.8	46.4	47.2	42.6	43.0	44.4	41.6	41.1	41.6	40.4	44.2
CaO	0.15	0.22	0.15	0.16	0.20	0.21	0.45	0.35	0.43	0.04	0.08	0.06	0.09	0.12	0.07	0.10	0.14
Na₂O	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00
K₂O	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Cr₂O₃	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.01	0.07	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01
NiO	0.18	0.17	0.15	0.16	0.24	0.22	0.14	0.15	0.13	0.18	0.29	0.28	0.14	0.14	0.15	0.12	0.21
Total	99.6	99.6	99.8	100.0	99.7	99.8	99.6	100.1	99.5	99.1	99.2	99.0	100.4	100.2	100.2	100.2	99.4
镁橄榄石牌号(Fo)	80.3~84.6	80.8	79.3~82.6	76.8~86.5	83.6~85.0	83.1	84.6~90.8	86.1~86.6	85.5~93.1	80.2~82.8	80.2~84.4	83.2~85.5	78.9~79.7	78.4~79.3	78.8~79.8	77.6~78.0	83.2~84.1
Ni含量(10^-6)	1 255~1 601	1 368	971~1 491	1 018~1 508	1 704~2 166	1 699	380~2 348	1 119~1 338	264~1 300	1 015~1 624	1 867~2 526	1 998~2 513	1 033~1 125	658~1 256	1 033~1 359	777~1 016	1 444~1 749

以4个氧为基数的阳离子数
Si⁴⁺	0.991	0.992	0.994	0.994	0.998	0.994	0.991	0.994	0.993	0.996	0.994	0.993	0.995	0.995	0.994	0.996	0.993
Ti⁴⁺	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Al³⁺	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001
Fe²⁺	0.354	0.383	0.393	0.360	0.310	0.338	0.232	0.270	0.242	0.370	0.358	0.318	0.412	0.424	0.412	0.444	0.333
Mn²⁺	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.004	0.004	0.004	0.004	0.004	0.005	0.005	0.004	0.006	0.006	0.005	0.006	0.005
Mg²⁺	1.649	1.617	1.605	1.638	1.676	1.658	1.763	1.722	1.752	1.627	1.639	1.682	1.585	1.572	1.587	1.551	1.666
Ca²⁺	0.004	0.006	0.004	0.004	0.005	0.006	0.014	0.009	0.012	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.003	0.002	0.003	0.004
Na⁺	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000
K⁺	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Cr³⁺	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Ni²⁺	0.004	0.004	0.003	0.003	0.005	0.004	0.002	0.003	0.003	0.004	0.006	0.006	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.002	0.004
Total	3.008	3.008	3.006	3.005	3.001	3.006	3.009	3.006	3.007	3.004	3.006	3.007	3.004	3.004	3.005	3.004	3.006
注：1.橄榄石电子探针分析由宋谢炎研究员在澳大利亚Tasmania大学CODES研究中心电子探针室完成.分析仪器为Cameca SX-50电子探针.氧化物分析条件为：加速电压15 kV，电流10 nA，分析束斑直径10 μm，计数时间为50 s，用自然矿物San Carlos橄榄石SCOL校正；Ni分析条件为：加速电压15 kV，电流100 nA，分析束斑直径20 μm，计数时间为100 s；2.由于数据有120组，同一样品中橄榄石成分变化不大(＜2%)，因此氧化物含量采用平均值.

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