汶川地震高烈度区暴雨滑坡活动的遥感动态分析

唐川; 齐信; 丁军; 杨泰平; 罗真富

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2010.033

汶川地震高烈度区暴雨滑坡活动的遥感动态分析

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2010.033

成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室，四川成都 610059

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 No.40772206

详细信息

作者简介:
唐川(1961-)，男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事地质灾害、地貌学、遥感与GIS应用研究.E-mail: tangc@cdut.edu.cn

中图分类号: P627;P642.22
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2009-07-28
- 刊出日期: 2010-03-01

Dynamic Analysis on Rainfall-Induced Landslide Activity in High Seismic Intensity Areas of the Wenchuan Earthquake Using Remote Sensing Image

State Key Laboratory of Geo-Hazard Prevention and Geo-Environment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

摘要

摘要: 强烈地震作用对山地斜坡稳定性影响是长期的，汶川地震不仅直接诱发了大量滑坡，而且在后继的强降雨过程中大大加速了震区滑坡的活动性.以汶川地震高烈度区的北川县城及湔江河谷为研究区，利用高精度航空图像解译出1 214处不同类型的滑坡.地震后的2008年9月24日暴雨过程诱发了更多的滑坡和泥石流, 这场20年一遇的强降雨的累积雨量为272.7 mm.基于SPOT 5遥感影像解译，共发现新增的暴雨滑坡823处.根据“9·24”暴雨前后的遥感解译结果对比，研究区暴雨诱发的滑坡数量增加了68%，滑坡面积扩大了46.6%，这种现象表明强震后暴雨对滑坡发育和活动影响十分明显.研究结果也说明汶川震区在强降雨作用下极易发生滑坡和泥石流.
- 汶川地震 /
- 滑坡活动 /
- 遥感图像 /
- 暴雨 /
- 解译
Abstract: A catastrophic earthquake always intensively disturbs ground strata and affects the slope stability for a long period of time. The Wenchuan earthquake not only triggered serious coseismic landslides, but also extensively accelerated the landslide activity during the subsequent heavy rains. Based on the interpretation of high resolution of aerial photographs, 1 214 landslides are identified, most of which are shallow landslides, rock falls, and rock slides triggered in the high seismic intensity region of the Wenchuan earthquake near the Beichuan City and along the valleys of the Jianjiang River. A heavy rainfall on 24 September, 2008 triggered more landslides and debris flows in the central part of the area affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. The accumulated precipitation triggering landslides and debris flows is 272.7 mm in two days, while the rainfall amount and intensity recorded in this area have a return period of about 20 years. 878 new landslides in the study area of 340 km² are identified by interpretation of SPOT images. To understand the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on the landslide occurrence due to subsequent heavy rainfall, this study mainly focuses on the variations in the the density of coseismic landslides and following rainfall-induced landslides through aerial photographs and SPOT images. Comparison of aerial photographs taken on 18 May, 2008 (after the "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake) and SPOT images taken on 14 October, 2008 (after "9·24" rainstorm event) indicates that the landslide number in the study area increases by 42%, while landslide area increases by 46.6%, which shows the great impact of the heavy rainfall after the earthquake on the development and activity of landslides in the study area. The above study results also show that the Wenchuan earthquake affected area is particularly susceptible to landslides and debris flow occurrence after extreme rainfall events.
- Wenchuan earthquake /
- landslide activity /
- remote sensing image /
- heavy rainfall /
- intepretation

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图 1 研究区位置与地质图

Fig. 1. Geological map and location of the study areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 唐家山－北川县城研究区滑坡遥感解译结果

Fig. 2. Interpretation results of landslides identified on the aerial photographs and SPOT 5 image in study area of Tangjianshan-Beichuan city

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 陈家坝研究区滑坡遥感解译结果

Fig. 3. Interpretation results of landslides identified on the aerial photographs and SPOT 5 image in the Chenjiaba area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 擂鼓镇研究区滑坡遥感解译结果

Fig. 4. Interpretation results of landslides identified on the aerial photographs and SPOT 5 image in the Leiguzhen area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 汶川地震高烈度区暴雨滑坡活动的遥感解译结果

Table 1. Interpretation results of landslide activity in high seismic intensity areas of the Wenchuan earthquake using remote sensing images

滑坡面积分段(m ²)	唐家山-北川县城研究片区				陈家坝研究片区				擂鼓镇研究片区
	“5·12”地震诱发滑坡		“9·24”暴雨诱发滑坡		“5·12”地震诱发滑坡		“9·24”暴雨诱发滑坡		“5·12”地震诱发滑坡		“9·24”暴雨诱发滑坡
	个数	面积(10 ⁴ m ²)	个数	面积(10 ⁴ m ²)	个数	面积(10 ⁴ m ²)	个数	面积(10 ⁴ m ²)	个数	面积(10 ⁴ m ²)	个数	面积(10 ⁴ m ²)
＜1 000	35	2.0	10	0.5	119	7.6	70	4.7	10	0.6	5	0.4
1 000~2 000	54	7.6	29	4.7	114	16.5	125	18.4	19	2.8	24	3.8
2 000~5 000	56	19.5	65	22.1	148	47.5	151	48.6	56	19.5	41	12.7
5 000~10 000	69	50.9	58	40.7	92	64.9	66	46.9	55	39.4	29	19.8
10 000~20 000	73	104.5	41	55.6	54	73.9	31	45.9	34	50.8	7	8.9
20 000~50 000	66	208.3	25	66.7	30	89.8	33	101.7	36	124.4	0	0.0
＞50 000	60	717.3	3	19.2	20	265.5	10	95.7	14	168.8	0	0.0
合计	413	1 110.1	231	209.5	577	565.8	486	361.9	224	406.4	106	45.7

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 遥感解译结果与现场调查对比验证

Table 2. Comparison and verification for the results of RS intepretation and site investigation

滑坡编号	现场调查(m ²)	遥感解译(m ²)	误差(m ²)	误差百分比(%)
1	450	512	62	12.1
2	456	550	94	17.1
3	480	475	-5	-1.0
4	500	547	47	8.5
5	558	562	4	0.8
6	600	581	-19	-3.2
7	700	679	-21	-3.1
8	750	824	74	9.0
9	875	858	-17	-2.0
10	900	901	1	0.1
11	1 000	1 027	27	2.6
12	1 166	1 056	-110	-10.4
13	1 200	1 354	154	11.4
14	1 300	1 382	82	6.0
15	1 350	1 411	61	4.3
16	1 550	1 468	-82	-5.6
17	1 800	2 101	301	14.3
18	2 475	2 273	-202	-8.9
19	3 380	3 752	372	9.9
20	3 900	4 233	333	7.9
21	5 250	5 749	499	8.7
22	5 600	5 988	388	6.5
23	6 776	7 321	545	7.4
24	8 500	8 478	-22	-0.3
25	11 900	10 946	-954	-8.7
26	12 000	24 522	12 522	51.1
27	14 300	32 516	18 216	56.0

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