Palynological Assemblage of Eocene-Oligocene Pollen and Their Biostratigraphic Correlation in Dahonggou, Daqaidam Area, Qaidam Basin
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摘要: 通过分析青藏高原柴达木盆地大柴旦地区大红沟剖面古近纪孢粉化石记录, 揭示该地区古新世-渐新世存在多次冷暖干湿波动.大红沟剖面自下而上划分为5个孢粉组合带: 路乐河组上部的Quercoidites-Ephedripites-Meliaceoidites属于晚古新世-早始新世; 路乐河组上部到下干柴沟组底部的Quercoidites-Piceaepollenites-Meliaceoidites属于中始新世; 下干柴沟组中部的孢粉组合是Ephedripites-Qinghaipollis-Nitrariadites的时代为晚始新世—早渐新世; 上干柴沟组下部的孢粉组合Ephedripites-Chenopodipollis-Nitrariadites时代为渐新世中期; 上干柴沟组上部的孢粉组合Betulaepollenites-Ephedripites-Pinus的时代为渐新世晚期.大红沟剖面孢粉组合与西北地区的塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地和西宁—民和盆地的孢粉组合可以进行较好的对比.Abstract: Based on the data of palynology from the Dahonggou Section, Daqaidam area in northeast marginal Qaidam basin. 5 palynological assemblages are recognized as follows: Quercoidites-Ephedripites-Meliaceoidites from the upper Lulehe Formation belongs Early Eocene; Quercoidites-Piceaepollenites-Meliaceoidites from the bottom of Lower Ganchaigou Formation belongs to Middle Eocene; Ephedripites-Qinghaipollis-Nitrariadites from the middle of Lower Ganchaigou Formation belongs to Later Eocene-Early Oligocene; Ephedripites-Chenopodipollis-Nitrariadites from the bottom of Upper Ganchaigou Formation belongs to Middle Oligocene; Betulaepollenites-Ephedripites-Pinus from the top of Upper Ganchaigou Formation belongs to Late Oligocene. Palynological assemblage from the Tarim basin, Qaidam basin and Xining-Minhe basin can be well compared.
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图 1 大柴旦地区交通位置与地质简图
1.断层；2.鱼卡组；3.花岗闪长岩；4.靳门沟组；5.金水口岩群；6.拉卜查日组；7.三叠系；8.侏罗系；9.犬牙沟组；10.路乐河组；11.干柴沟组；12.油砂山组；13.狮子沟组；14.第四纪洪积；15.湖泊；16.研究点
Fig. 1. Geological map and the location of studied section of Daqaidam
图 2 柴达木盆地大柴旦地区大红沟剖面蕨类和裸子植物孢子主要类型属种化石
1、2、3.Polypodium sp.水龙骨单缝孢类；4、5、8.Pinus松属；6.Podocarpus罗汉松属；7.Picea云杉属
Fig. 2. Representative photographs of fern and gymnosperm spore from the Dahonggou Section in Daqaidam area, Qaidam basin
图 3 柴达木盆地大柴旦地区大红沟剖面被子植物花粉主要类型属种化石
1、2、3、4、5、17、18.Chenopodipollis sp.藜粉；6.Ulmoideipites tricostatus三孔脊榆粉；7.Betulaepollenites sp.桦粉(未定种)；8.Quercoidites microhenrici小亨氏栎粉；9.Q.asper粗糙栎粉；10、14、19、23.Nitraripollis sp.白刺粉；11、12、22.Meliaceoidites sp.楝粉；13.Meliaceoidites rhomboiporus菱孔楝粉；15、19.Compositapollenites sp.菊粉；16.Ulmipollenites sp.榆粉；20、21、26、27、28、29、31.Ephedripites麻黄粉；24.Taxodiaceaepollenites hiatus破隙杉粉；25.Polypodiaceoisporites sp.水龙骨单缝孢；30.Pterisisporites sp.凤尾蕨孢；32.Osmundacidites紫萁孢；33.Piceaepollenites alatus具囊云杉粉
Fig. 3. Representative photographs of angiosperm pollen grains from the Dahonggou Section in Daqaidam area, Qaidam basin
图 4 柴达木盆地北缘大柴旦大红沟剖面路乐河组—上干柴沟组孢粉图谱与孢粉组合带
1.砾岩;2.含砾砂岩;3.粗砂岩;4.粉砂岩;5.含砂泥岩;6.泥岩;7.孢粉化石点:图中百分数为各种孢粉不同植被类型所占比例
Fig. 4. Palynological diagram and major vegetation changes in Lulehe Formation-Upper Ganchaigou Formation from Dahonggou Section in Daqaidam area, Qaidam basin
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