华北克拉通南缘小秦岭金矿区基性脉岩时代及地质意义

毕诗健; 李建威; 李占轲

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2011.003

华北克拉通南缘小秦岭金矿区基性脉岩时代及地质意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.003

毕诗健^{1, 2,},
李建威^{1, 2, ,},
李占轲^{1, 2}

1.
中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学资源学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家重大科研计划"华北克拉通破坏" 90814004

国家自然科学基金创新群体基金 40521001

详细信息

作者简介:
毕诗健(1982-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事矿床学研究.E-mail: Shijianbi_1982@163.com

通讯作者:
李建威, E-mail: jwl@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P571;P611
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-08-25
- 刊出日期: 2011-01-01

Geological Significance and Geochronology of Paleoproterozoic Mafic Dykes of Xiaoqinling Gold District, Southern Margin of the North China Craton

BI Shi-jian^{1, 2
,},
LI Jian-wei^{1, 2
, ,},
LI Zhan-ke^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 产于太古代-古元古代变质地体中的石英脉型金矿是世界上最重要的金矿类型之一, 大多数金矿区内基性脉岩非常发育, 空间上与含金石英脉密切相关.但目前对基性脉岩与石英脉型金矿的成因联系尚未取得一致认识.以华北克拉通南缘小秦岭金矿区为例, 对典型矿区(东闯、大湖、枪马)采矿巷道内的基性脉岩开展精确的U-Pb年代学研究.4个脉岩样品给出一致的锆石²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb加权平均年龄(1 819±10 Ma, 1σ); 1个样品中的黑云母给出了略微年轻的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄(1 719.0±21.0 Ma, 2σ).定年结果表明: (1)小秦岭金矿区内大量基性脉岩形成于古元古代晚期, 是华北克拉通东西块体在1.85 Ga左右发生碰撞后伸展作用的产物; (2)前人获得的基性脉岩K-Ar和Rb-Sr年龄(187.6~75.9 Ma)可能并非脉岩真实侵位年龄, 而是代表这些脉岩遭受中生代构造-热事件影响的扰动年龄(或冷却年龄).最新的成矿年代学研究结果表明, 小秦岭地区绝大多数金矿床形成于早白垩世130~120 Ma, 大大晚于上述古元古代基性脉岩的侵位时代, 因此两者之间没有成因联系(尽管它们的空间关系十分密切).小秦岭地区是否存在与金矿床同时的晚中生代基性岩浆活动, 对于讨论本区金矿床的矿床成因和成矿构造环境非常重要, 但本文工作尚不能明确回答这一问题, 今后需要对矿区内各期基性脉岩进行系统的同位素定年.
- 基性脉岩 /
- 地质年代学 /
- 石英脉型金矿 /
- 小秦岭金矿区 /
- 岩石学
Abstract: Lode gold deposit is the most economically important type of gold deposits worldwide. It commonly occurs in Archean to Paleoproterozoioc metamorphic terrains and has close spatial relationship with mafic dykes. However, it is still in dispute whether mafic dykes and gold mineralization are genetically related. In this paper, we present LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb and biotite ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar ages of four mafic dikes samples collected from three major gold deposits (Dongchuang, Dahu and Qiangma deposits) in the Xiaoqinling gold district, southern margin of the North China craton. Four samples yielded a consistent zircon LA-ICPMS age (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb 1 819±10 Ma) and a slightly younger ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age (1 719.0±21.0 Ma) of biotite. Our results suggest that: (1) numerous mafic dikes in the Xiaoqinling gold district formed in Paleoproterozoioc, in an extensional setting after the collision between the eastern and western blocks of the North China craton at ca. 1.85 Ga; (2) previous whole rock K-Ar and Rb-Sr ages (187.6-75.9 Ma) which are significantly younger than our ages represent thermal perturbation (or cooling ages) caused by Mesozoic tectonic-thermal event. Recent geochronological studies show that the majority of gold deposits formed in Early Cretaceous (130-120 Ma) in the Xiaoqinling district. Therefore, the mineralization event had no relationship with Paleoproterozoic mafic dykes although they were spatially associated. However, this study does not rule out the possibility of existence of Mesozoic mafic dykes in the Xiaoqinling area, which may be very important for the understanding of the metallogeny and regional tectonic setting.
- mafic dikes /
- geochronology /
- lode gold deposit /
- Xiaoqinling gold district /
- lithology

HTML全文

图 1 华北克拉通古元古代构造单元简图(a)(据Zhao et al., 2002)及中部造山带基性岩墙群分布(b)(据Peng et al., 2008)

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic illustration of Paleoproterozoic tectonic units for the North China craton (after Zhao et al., 2002); (b) Distribution of the ca. 1.8 Ga mafic dyke swarms in the Trans-North China orogen (after Peng et al., 2008)

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图 2 华北克拉通南缘小秦岭金矿区域地质和金矿床分布

Fig. 2. Map showing the simplified geology and distribution of gold deposits in the Xiaoqinling region, southern North China craton

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图 3 小秦岭地区杨砦峪金矿床平面(a)及东闯金矿床剖面(b)

Fig. 3. Geological plan and section from typical gold deposits in the Xiaoqinling gold district, showing spatial relationship between mafic dykes (a) and auriferous quartz veins (b)

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图 4 小秦岭金矿区基性岩脉与围岩野外穿插关系

Fig. 4. Field photographs in the mining tunnel of the Xiaoqinling gold district, showing intercalating relationship between dykes and Taihua Group, and gold-bearing veins

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图 5 小秦岭地区基性岩脉中锆石阴极发光(CL)图像

圆圈标准为分析点位置及²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb年龄，圆圈直径为24 μm或32 μm

Fig. 5. CL images of zircons for the dykes from Xiaoqinling gold district

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图 6 小秦岭地区基性岩脉中锆石U-Pb谐和曲线(加权平均年龄²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb)

Fig. 6. Concordia diagrams of LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb data for the dykes from Xiaoqinling area

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图 7 XQL-QM黑云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄谱

Fig. 7. Step-heating spectra of biotite sample (XQL-QM), showing ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar spectrum age and total fusion age

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表 1 小秦岭金矿区内基性脉岩锆石的LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb分析结果

Table 1. Results of LA-ICPMS zircons U-Pb dating for the mafic dykes from the Xiaoqinling gold district

测试点号	含量(μg/g)			U-Th-Pb同位素比值						年龄(Ma)
测试点号	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
XQL-DC
DC-1	219	3 206	0.07	0.112	0.002	5.160	0.098	0.330	0.005	1 839	28	1 846	16	1 839	23
DC-2	746	3 615	0.21	0.112	0.002	5.128	0.126	0.329	0.009	1 836	64	1 841	21	1 833	42
DC-3	150	3 984	0.04	0.112	0.001	5.106	0.069	0.328	0.003	1 827	22	1 837	11	1 830	15
DC-4	194	3 642	0.05	0.112	0.001	5.160	0.070	0.330	0.003	1 837	21	1 846	12	1 839	15
DC-5	156	4 034	0.04	0.111	0.001	5.075	0.054	0.328	0.003	1 820	16	1 832	9	1 828	14
DC-6	800	3 294	0.24	0.110	0.001	4.974	0.044	0.325	0.002	1 811	13	1 815	7	1 812	12
XQL-DH
DH-1	4 029	1 020	3.95	0.106	0.003	4.883	0.162	0.326	0.010	1 800	50	1 799	28	1 821	50
DH-2	2 742	1 251	2.19	0.110	0.005	4.885	0.237	0.320	0.016	1 796	78	1 800	41	1 791	78
DH-3	1 178	928	1.27	0.109	0.004	4.621	0.168	0.312	0.014	1 791	61	1 753	30	1 749	71
DH-4	5 340	1 456	3.67	0.109	0.001	4.916	0.148	0.323	0.008	1 789	27	1 805	25	1 807	41
DH-5	188	234	0.80	0.111	0.002	5.233	0.111	0.343	0.005	1 810	19	1 858	18	1 902	25
DH-6	1 584	1 275	1.24	0.162	0.002	10.426	0.187	0.462	0.006	2 479	22	2 473	17	2 448	27
DH-7	394	281	1.40	0.110	0.005	4.991	0.237	0.304	0.011	1 795	75	1 818	40	1 712	53
DH-8	642	866	0.74	0.112	0.002	5.076	0.079	0.329	0.005	1 832	13	1 832	13	1 833	23
DH-9	411	240	1.71	0.110	0.004	5.064	0.183	0.327	0.007	1 802	33	1 830	31	1 826	32
DH-10	321	503	0.64	0.161	0.003	10.322	0.172	0.465	0.007	2 467	13	2 464	15	2 462	30
DH-11	365	890	0.41	0.153	0.003	9.381	0.146	0.445	0.006	2 479	12	2 476	14	2 474	29
DH-12	7 422	7 700	0.96	0.110	0.002	4.599	0.073	0.303	0.004	1 804	13	1 749	13	1 705	21
DH-13	856	413	2.07	0.113	0.004	5.033	0.185	0.324	0.006	1 844	39	1 825	31	1 809	30
DH-14	828	408	2.03	0.113	0.005	4.799	0.216	0.308	0.007	1 848	50	1 785	38	1 732	33
DH-15	793	471	1.68	0.113	0.004	4.926	0.150	0.317	0.006	1 844	31	1 807	26	1 776	27
DH-16	1 105	4 568	0.24	0.158	0.002	10.024	0.145	0.459	0.006	2 439	11	2 437	13	2 436	29
XQL-QM
QM-1	48	201	0.24	0.156	0.015	10.048	0.942	0.464	0.014	2 413	161	2 439	87	2 457	61
QM-2	242	105	2.29	0.112	0.005	5.005	0.222	0.325	0.007	1 827	48	1 820	38	1 814	35
QM-3	88	119	0.74	0.111	0.004	5.100	0.164	0.328	0.005	1 833	62	1 836	27	1 830	26
QM-4	137	112	1.22	0.140	0.006	8.240	0.659	0.413	0.022	2 221	78	2 258	73	2 231	100
QM-5	200	830	0.24	0.095	0.001	2.783	0.055	0.211	0.003	1 524	27	1 351	15	1 236	17
QM-6	287	1 149	0.25	0.095	0.001	2.726	0.044	0.206	0.002	1 531	24	1 335	12	1 208	12
QM-7	847	555	1.53	0.111	0.001	5.023	0.086	0.326	0.004	1 817	22	1 823	15	1 818	19
QM-8	83	111	0.74	0.110	0.004	4.824	0.153	0.318	0.007	1 811	67	1 789	27	1 779	33
QM-9	57	89	0.64	0.112	0.004	5.060	0.161	0.321	0.005	1 832	64	1 830	27	1 794	23
QM-10	75	32	2.31	0.112	0.007	4.774	0.306	0.307	0.006	1 832	113	1 780	54	1 728	32
QM-11	374	138	2.70	0.112	0.002	4.919	0.118	0.324	0.007	1 826	38	1 805	20	1 811	34
QM-12	63	30	2.10	0.113	0.004	5.139	0.186	0.331	0.007	1 841	37	1 843	31	1 844	33
QM-13	627	445	1.41	0.111	0.002	5.014	0.103	0.327	0.006	1 822	17	1 822	17	1 821	27
XQL-QM2
QM2-1	449	1 066	0.42	0.110	0.002	4.929	0.107	0.324	0.006	1 804	18	1 807	18	1 810	28
QM2-2	527	807	0.65	0.110	0.002	4.853	0.091	0.320	0.005	1 798	15	1 794	16	1 791	27
QM2-3	361	731	0.49	0.111	0.002	5.029	0.096	0.330	0.006	1 810	15	1 824	16	1 837	27
QM2-4	352	298	1.18	0.111	0.003	4.905	0.137	0.321	0.006	1 810	26	1 803	24	1 797	29
QM2-5	347	999	0.35	0.111	0.002	4.976	0.089	0.325	0.005	1 818	14	1 815	15	1 813	27
QM2-6	1 232	758	1.63	0.112	0.002	5.007	0.089	0.325	0.005	1 831	14	1 821	15	1 812	27
QM2-7	562	410	1.37	0.110	0.002	4.880	0.091	0.321	0.005	1 803	15	1 799	16	1 795	27
QM2-8	389	887	0.44	0.111	0.002	4.991	0.099	0.326	0.006	1 816	16	1 818	17	1 820	27
QM2-9	414	470	0.88	0.110	0.002	4.873	0.091	0.322	0.005	1 797	15	1 798	16	1 798	27
QM2-10	528	416	1.27	0.112	0.002	5.049	0.090	0.328	0.006	1 829	14	1 828	15	1 826	27
QM2-11	445	896	0.50	0.111	0.002	4.949	0.084	0.324	0.005	1 812	14	1 811	14	1 809	26
QM2-12	402	272	1.48	0.111	0.002	5.020	0.094	0.327	0.006	1 822	15	1 823	16	1 824	27
QM2-13	905	573	1.58	0.112	0.002	5.090	0.090	0.329	0.006	1 838	14	1 834	15	1 832	27
QM2-14	424	295	1.44	0.111	0.003	4.986	0.116	0.325	0.006	1 820	20	1 817	20	1 814	28
QM2-15	619	641	0.96	0.111	0.002	4.968	0.095	0.324	0.005	1 818	15	1 814	16	1 811	27
QM2-16	1 665	2 556	0.65	0.110	0.002	4.925	0.089	0.324	0.005	1 805	15	1 807	15	1 808	26
QM2-17	276	497	0.56	0.111	0.002	4.980	0.091	0.325	0.005	1 817	15	1 816	16	1 815	27
QM2-18	413	910	0.45	0.112	0.002	5.068	0.087	0.329	0.005	1 830	14	1 831	15	1 831	26
QM2-19	469	1 009	0.46	0.111	0.002	5.007	0.088	0.327	0.005	1 818	14	1 821	15	1 823	26
QM2-20	324	598	0.54	0.112	0.002	5.068	0.089	0.328	0.005	1 836	14	1 831	15	1 826	27
QM2-21	322	195	1.65	0.135	0.002	7.357	0.140	0.395	0.007	2 165	15	2 156	17	2 146	31
QM2-22	460	341	1.35	0.112	0.002	5.104	0.095	0.330	0.006	1 837	15	1 837	16	1 837	27
QM2-23	563	424	1.33	0.112	0.002	5.106	0.094	0.330	0.006	1 838	15	1 837	16	1 836	27
注：中国地质大学(武汉)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室测试.

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表 2 小秦岭地区枪马金矿基性脉岩黑云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar分析结果

Table 2. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar analytical results for incremental heating experiments on mafic dykes from Qiangma gold deposit, Xiaoqinling gold district

样品和阶段号	激光功率	³⁶Ar	³⁹Ar	⁴⁰Ar^*	⁴⁰Ar	⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar	³⁷Ar/³⁹Ar	³⁶Ar/³⁹Ar	³⁹Ar(%)	⁴⁰Ar(mol)	K/Ca	± 2σ	表观年龄	误差
XQL-QM	照射参数J=0.009 826 0±0.000 014 7
08G2077B	3.0	0.000 028	0.000	0.223	0.231	4 468.132	1.868	0.533	0.07	7.631E-19	0.299	0.11	6 803.36	590.31
08G2077C	3.5	0.000 012	0.000	0.062	0.065	563.445	1.582	0.102	0.15	2.151E-19	0.354	0.08	3 305.45	323.79
08G2077D	4.0	0.000 008	0.000	0.058	0.060	171.149	1.074	0.024	0.45	1.988E-19	0.521	0.07	1 733.19	111.30
08G2077E	4.5	0.000 009	0.001	0.086	0.089	146.431	0.850	0.014	0.78	2.930E-19	0.658	0.06	1 578.62	20.32
08G2077F	5.5	0.000 013	0.001	0.158	0.161	161.241	0.867	0.013	1.29	5.327E-19	0.645	0.05	1 687.92	27.21
08G2077H	6.5	0.000 009	0.001	0.199	0.202	134.593	2.568	0.007	1.93	6.668E-19	0.218	0.02	1 509.04	14.91
08G2077I	7.5	0.000 009	0.005	0.601	0.604	128.104	3.926	0.003	6.04	1.992E-18	0.142	0.01	1 468.82	7.63
08G2077J	8.5	0.000 008	0.006	0.868	0.870	153.986	4.245	0.003	7.24	2.872E-18	0.131	0.01	1 663.70	8.08
08G2077K	9.0	0.000 006	0.007	1.082	1.083	161.084	4.363	0.002	8.62	3.575E-18	0.128	0.01	1 714.29	7.29
08G2077L	9.5	0.000 005	0.009	1.426	1.427	162.382	4.325	0.002	11.26	4.710E-18	0.129	0.01	1 723.78	5.53
08G2077N	10.0	0.000 004	0.006	0.919	0.920	156.852	4.257	0.002	7.51	3.035E-18	0.131	0.01	1 685.34	5.22
08G2077O	11.0	0.000 006	0.008	1.368	1.369	167.759	4.366	0.002	10.46	4.519E-18	0.128	0.01	1 760.11	6.97
08G2077P	12.5	0.000 007	0.011	1.763	1.766	164.632	4.442	0.002	13.74	5.826E-18	0.126	0.01	1 739.07	5.05
08G2077Q	14.0	0.000 009	0.010	1.629	1.631	164.999	4.747	0.002	12.66	5.383E-18	0.117	0.01	1 741.43	6.63
08G2077R	16.0	0.000 006	0.011	1.789	1.791	157.448	4.565	0.002	14.57	5.910E-18	0.122	0.01	1 690.10	5.78
08G2077T	18.0	0.000 001	0.002	0.237	0.237	145.267	4.694	0.002	2.09	7.824E-19	0.119	0.01	1 603.45	14.45
08G2077U	25.0	0.000 001	0.001	0.135	0.135	152.195	5.176	0.002	1.14	4.454E-19	0.108	0.01	1 652.86	33.91
注：⁴⁰Ar^*=⁴⁰Ar-295.5×³⁶Ar(³⁶Ar、⁴⁰Ar表示测量值)，表中Ar同位素单位为伏(V)；测试单位为中国科学院广州地球化学研究所同位素年代学和地球化学重点实验室.

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