鄂尔多斯盆地延长组火山灰沉积物岩石地球化学特征

邱欣卫; 刘池洋; 毛光周; 吴柏林

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2011.015

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组火山灰沉积物岩石地球化学特征

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.015

1.
大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 西北大学含油气盆地研究所, 陕西西安 710069
2.
山东科技大学地质科学与工程学院, 山东青岛 266510

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(重大研究计划)重点项目 90814005

陕西省"13115"科技创新工程重大科技专项项目 2008ZDKG-48

国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目 2003CB214600

西北大学研究生自主创新资助项目 09YZZ41

详细信息

作者简介:
邱欣卫(1982-), 男, 博士, 主要从事盆地动力学与富烃凹陷形成机制方面研究.E-mail: qxweilt@126.com

中图分类号: P584
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-05-29
- 刊出日期: 2011-01-01

Petrological-Geochemical Characteristics of Volcanic Ash Sediments in Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin

1.
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics (Northwest University), Institute of Petroliferous Basin of Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
2.
College of Geological Science & Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China

摘要

摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组火山灰沉积物分布广泛, 为研究其岩石地球化学特征和形成机制, 通过详细的岩心观察、薄片鉴定、X荧光光谱分析(XRF)、ICP-MS分析、扫描电镜(SEM)分析等手段, 对延长组火山灰层进行了细致的岩石地球化学分析.结果表明火山灰沉积物富含晶屑、玻屑等火山物质, 整体蚀变强烈, 可分为凝灰岩和斑脱岩, 以伊利石、伊蒙混层等粘土矿物为主; 主量元素SiO₂含量为50.29%~79.82%, 富钾, K₂O+Na₂O在3.20%~7.88%之间, SiO₂与Al₂O₃、TFe₂O₃、MgO之间存在着明显的负相关关系; ∑REE在(99.82~550.15)×10^-6之间变化, 总体特征表现为轻稀土富集, 重稀土亏损, 曲线形态整体表现为右倾型, Eu负异常, δEu为0.147~0.837, 没有明显的Ce异常; 大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th呈正异常, 在Nb/Y-Zr/TiO₂图解中, 数据点主要落在安山岩-流纹岩之间, 说明火山物质主体来源于中酸性岩.综合岩石地球化学和沉积学分析, 认为延长组火山灰沉积物包括空降型和水携两种形成机制, 大地构造环境判识图解反映了火山灰源于火山弧钙碱性岩浆原区, 与晚三叠世秦岭造山带的演化关系密切.
- 鄂尔多斯盆地 /
- 延长组 /
- 火山灰沉积物 /
- 凝灰岩 /
- 斑脱岩 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: Volcanic ash sediment is widely distributed in Yanchang Formation in Ordos basin, in order to study lithogeochemistry characteristics and formational mechanism of volcanic ashes sediment, the paper use many analysis methods, such as observe the cores, microscope, XRF, ICP-MS, SEM et al.. The results indicate volcanic ash sediment containing much crystal and shard fragments, including tuff and bentonite, the illite and andreattite can be seen under the SEM; SiO₂ content between 50.29%-79.82%, rich potassium, K₂O+Na₂O at 3.20%-7.88%, the negative correlation present in relationship of SiO₂ with Al₂O₃, TFe₂O₃ and MgO; ∑REE=99.82×10^-6~550.15×10^-6, and rich in LREE, deplete in HREE, the curve rightward incline, Eu negative abnormity and the δEu between 0.147-0.837, there is no evidently Ce abnormity, and K, Rb, Ba, Th are of positive abnormity. In the illustration of Nb/Y-Zr/TiO₂, the data dots are mainly located at the zone of andesite-rhyolite, which suggest that the volcanic ash is primary from middle-acid rocks. Lithogeochemistry and sedimentology illustrate the formational mechanisms of volcanic ash include: falling down from air and carried by water. Through the diagram of tectonic setting, the volcanic ash is primary from volcanic arc and calc-alkalic lavas, which is intimately related the evolution of Qinling orogenic belt.
- Ordos basin /
- Yanchang Formation /
- volcanic ash sediments /
- tuff /
- bentonite /
- geochemistry

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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地及外围盆地分布(据长庆油田地质志编写组，1992修改)

Fig. 1. Distribution of Ordos and periphery basins

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图 2 延长组火山灰沉积物显微镜(a~f)(单偏光)和SEM(g~h)特征

a.宁42井，长7，1 556.2 m；b.正11井，长7，926.1 m；c.西187井，长8，2 132.8 m；d.庄50井，长7，1 948.3 m；e.庄210井，长8，1 704.4 m；f.庄80井，长7，2 024.5 m；g.胡148井，长9，2 639.4 m；h.镇44井，长7，2 566.6 m

Fig. 2. Microscope (single polar) and SEM characteristics of volcanic ash sediments in Yanchang Formation

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图 3 延长组火山灰沉积物的SiO-TFe₂O₃、CaO、MgO、Na₂O、Al₂O₃、K₂O关系

Fig. 3. SiO-TFe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, Na₂O, Al₂O₃, K₂O relationship of volcanic ash sediments in Yanchang Formation

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图 4 延长组火山灰沉积物REE配分模式(a)和蛛网图(b)

Fig. 4. REE distribution pattern (a) and spider (b) diagrams of volcanic ash sediments in Yanchang Formation

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图 5 延长组火山灰沉积物Nb/Y-Zr/TiO₂图解

Fig. 5. Nb/Y-Zr/TiO₂ diagram of volcanic ash sediments in Yanchang Formation

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图 6 延长组火山灰沉积物的岩心照片

Fig. 6. Drilling core photos of volcanic ash sediments in Yanchang Formation

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图 7 延长组火山灰沉积物原岩大地构造环境判别图解

a.底图据Pearce et al., 1984, 其中VAG：火山弧花岗岩；Syn-COLG：同碰撞花岗岩；WPG：板内花岗岩；ORG：洋脊花岗岩；b.底图据Pearce, 1982；c.底图据Pearce and Peate, 1995；d.底图据Mullen, 1983, 其中OIT：大洋拉斑玄武岩；CAB：岛弧钙碱性玄武岩；IAT：岛弧拉斑玄武岩；OIA：大洋岛弧玄武岩；e.底图据Wood, 1980, 其中A区是N型MORB；B区为E型MORB和板内拉斑玄武岩；C区为碱性板内玄武岩；D区为火山弧玄武岩；f.底图据Cabanis and Lecolle, 1989, 其中1A区火山弧钙碱性玄武岩；1C区是火山弧拉斑玄武岩；1B区是1A区与1C区间的重叠区域；2A区是大陆玄武岩；2B区是弧后盆地玄武岩；3A区为大陆内裂谷区的碱性玄武岩；3B及3C区为E-MORB，3D区为N-MORB

Fig. 7. Discrimination diagrams of volcanic ash sediments in Yanchang Formation for tectonic settings

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表 1 延长组火山灰沉积物主量(%)、微量元素(10^-6)含量

Table 1. Major and trace elements content of volcanic ash sediments in Yanchang Formation

样号	R-02	R-03	R-04	R-05	R-10	N331	N332	N421	N422	N424	X1871	X1872
SiO₂	54.94	72.50	57.92	50.29	60.52	59.81	56.12	61.93	54.89	58.21	54.06	55.94
TiO₂	0.93	0.07	0.60	0.32	0.97	0.29	0.17	0.29	0.26	0.59	0.30	0.72
Al₂O₃	24.65	14.90	21.14	29.67	22.14	20.97	26.24	21.79	25.58	20.44	27.59	24.11
TFe₂O₃	3.10	1.73	4.23	2.59	3.46	3.48	2.69	2.46	3.02	3.56	2.46	2.93
MnO	0.03	＜0.01	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.01	＜0.01	0.03	0.01	0.03
MgO	1.70	1.37	1.98	1.69	1.06	1.77	1.46	1.61	1.49	2.05	1.87	1.79
CaO	0.70	0.22	1.28	0.33	0.63	1.02	0.76	0.55	0.66	1.64	0.43	2.48
Na₂O	1.93	1.26	2.80	0.82	0.64	0.72	1.15	1.65	1.29	1.38	1.06	2.15
K₂O	5.24	2.52	5.08	4.16	3.84	4.00	3.97	3.82	4.34	4.27	4.82	3.6
P₂O₅	0.03	0.02	0.15	0.12	0.03	0.08	0.05	0.14	0.10	0.15	0.06	0.11
LOI	7.11	5.00	4.41	9.69	6.33	7.35	6.99	5.58	7.92	6.94	6.85	5.66
Total	100.36	99.59	99.63	99.69	99.65	99.52	99.61	99.83	99.55	99.26	99.51	99.52
Li	41.30	14.30	16.10	26.80	85.60	10.90	17.60	11.30	14.80	21.90	12.8	14.8
Be	5.69	2.10	3.74	8.08	3.42	4.65	4.43	6.79	6.04	5.29	5.59	3.80
Sc	18.00	4.67	10.20	10.50	12.60	6.97	11.60	5.81	9.36	13.80	11.50	7.82
V	125.00	2.26	56.80	46.50	166.00	19.40	24.20	46.30	35.40	176.00	52.30	46.40
Cr	93.00	1.45	27.30	11.70	97.70	4.78	13.00	6.65	9.68	32.80	26.80	14.30
Co	6.04	6.91	14.40	4.60	15.20	40.50	36.90	13.10	4.11	26.80	12.60	3.19
Ni	31.50	2.42	15.40	7.45	31.50	1.50	8.02	2.94	6.47	16.50	15.80	3.21
Cu	45.00	1.37	23.30	7.85	35.80	8.94	11.00	4.63	12.10	23.60	18.80	13.40
Zn	59.0	49.10	96.20	30.90	58.50	43.50	103.00	66.30	107.00	105.00	143.00	70.60
Ga	35.50	19.80	33.30	27.70	25.50	24.90	29.60	24.50	32.00	26.20	39.30	27.40
Ge	1.62	1.61	1.43	1.25	1.41	1.66	1.21	1.61	1.52	1.94	1.37	1.44
Rb	207.00	109.00	191.00	106.00	140.00	143.00	129.00	153.00	159.00	220.00	146.00	147.00
Sr	431.00	651.00	611.00	184.00	192.00	486.00	219.00	408.00	252.00	300.00	656.00	781.00
Y	27.10	18.80	19.10	13.20	28.90	30.40	20.10	25.10	42.50	34.70	28.10	28.10
Zr	203.00	126.00	232.00	216.00	199.00	240.00	183.00	167.00	323.00	226.00	202.00	320.00
Nb	17.10	18.30	12.20	7.49	17.80	14.50	11.80	13.80	21.80	18.90	16.30	17.20
Cs	12.40	4.62	4.83	11.10	7.31	9.64	10.10	9.30	15.00	13.70	11.30	12.40
Ba	1 730.00	634.00	2 118.00	744.00	458.00	963.00	1 393.00	858.00	895.00	886.00	1 424.00	1 238.00
Hf	4.98	4.76	5.63	9.76	4.86	7.40	6.97	5.54	10.00	6.56	7.39	9.35
Ta	1.16	2.28	0.74	4.70	1.22	1.95	1.64	2.58	2.68	2.45	1.82	1.90
Pb	28.50	38.20	46.00	77.10	30.00	50.00	58.40	52.30	14.20	15.50	43.20	62.80
Th	16.10	43.80	17.00	57.90	15.80	51.70	22.40	47.40	42.10	34.70	24.80	39.30
U	2.14	8.35	3.19	5.13	3.09	10.10	6.32	9.25	13.40	13.60	7.07	8.29
La	55.20	30.90	62.60	33.70	54.50	57.60	26.60	66.50	64.70	48.50	69.60	74.60
Ce	85.40	67.60	107.00	70.80	95.90	120.00	57.40	120.00	136.00	94.00	157.00	148.00
Pr	9.45	7.59	11.40	7.86	10.20	12.50	6.52	10.90	14.90	10.10	16.90	14.80
Nd	36.30	26.30	40.00	28.00	38.80	45.00	25.50	35.90	55.80	36.80	63.90	51.50
Sm	6.56	5.53	6.24	5.00	7.03	8.17	5.77	5.49	11.10	7.04	12.00	8.94
Eu	1.49	0.29	1.59	0.84	1.46	0.66	1.02	0.88	1.53	1.24	2.20	1.01
Gd	5.81	4.47	5.10	4.04	6.44	6.43	4.72	4.38	9.25	5.87	7.81	6.55
Tb	0.76	0.68	0.61	0.53	0.85	1.03	0.74	0.63	1.46	0.93	0.95	0.94
Dy	4.37	3.98	3.27	2.84	4.84	6.03	4.07	3.72	8.45	5.64	4.77	5.35
Ho	0.93	0.76	0.65	0.58	1.00	1.23	0.77	0.82	1.69	1.21	0.92	1.07
Er	2.56	2.14	1.84	1.71	2.73	3.25	1.88	2.44	4.43	3.47	2.36	2.96
Tm	0.33	0.34	0.26	0.26	0.37	0.47	0.27	0.4	0.65	0.54	0.31	0.44
Yb	2.06	2.80	1.72	1.85	2.44	2.92	1.60	2.78	4.07	3.65	1.83	2.82
Lu	0.30	0.44	0.25	0.28	0.36	0.40	0.22	0.45	0.57	0.56	0.26	0.40
∑REE	211.52	153.82	242.53	158.29	226.92	265.69	137.08	255.29	314.60	219.55	340.81	319.38
LREE/HREE	11.36	8.85	16.70	12.09	10.92	11.21	8.61	15.34	9.29	9.04	16.74	14.56
(La/Yb)_n	18.07	7.44	24.54	12.28	15.06	13.30	11.21	16.13	10.72	8.96	25.64	17.84
δEu	0.72	0.17	0.84	0.55	0.65	0.27	0.58	0.53	0.45	0.57	0.65	0.39
δCe	0.83	1.03	0.90	1.01	0.92	1.03	1.02	0.98	1.02	0.97	1.07	1.01
(La/Sm)_n	5.29	3.51	6.31	4.24	4.88	4.43	2.90	7.62	3.67	4.33	3.65	5.25
(Gd/Lu)_n	2.48	1.30	2.61	1.85	2.29	2.06	2.75	1.25	2.08	1.34	3.85	2.10

样号	ZH50	ZH210	MU9	B270	ZH33	ZH361	ZH362	ZH111	ZH112	LI51	R-11	R-12
SiO₂	65.94	53.57	53.50	55.29	53.01	67.99	55.08	79.82	63.54	68.43	-	-
TiO₂	0.08	0.44	0.48	0.17	0.78	0.85	0.83	0.09	0.12	0.08	-	-
Al₂O₃	19.95	27.24	25.77	28.07	24.14	18.60	18.82	9.85	10.71	17.15	-	-
TFe₂O₃	1.76	2.41	3.95	1.71	3.72	1.88	7.97	0.61	1.49	2.57	-	-
MnO	0.00	0.01	0.02	<0.01	0.05	0.01	0.11	0.02	0.13	0.01	-	-
MgO	1.65	2.15	1.77	1.12	1.72	1.25	2.41	0.24	0.48	1.40	-	-
CaO	0.17	0.61	0.48	0.41	2.93	0.11	1.26	0.37	8.18	0.36	-	-
Na₂O	0.49	0.65	0.89	1.06	2.46	0.14	0.14	0.29	0.45	0.37	-	-
K₂O	4.23	5.38	3.35	3.40	3.34	3.40	3.06	4.28	3.98	3.28	-	-
P₂O₅	0.02	0.11	0.19	0.07	0.16	0.06	0.19	0.03	0.08	0.02	-	-
LOI	4.90	6.74	9.12	8.62	6.98	5.28	9.64	3.95	10.24	5.85	-	-
Total	99.19	99.31	99.52	99.92	99.29	99.57	99.51	99.55	99.4	99.52	-	-
Li	12.80	11.10	27.20	6.50	35.40	58.10	54.70	54.70	22.80	21.90	75.90	21.40
Be	6.35	8.76	3.31	6.81	3.65	3.75	4.05	2.65	3.54	3.37	3.77	5.62
Sc	6.46	9.28	12.10	4.76	8.21	14.20	20.70	1.84	4.31	5.35	16.10	12.90
V	4.56	29.00	48.80	20.30	46.20	116.00	136.00	8.05	22.20	1.84	130.00	74.80
Cr	6.18	10.20	21.90	3.78	11.40	78.50	94.30	6.52	8.84	9.74	95.30	39.60
Co	5.06	0.87	14.20	4.28	4.24	28.50	18.00	64.90	2.57	23.70	37.70	11.20
Ni	3.18	3.43	10.10	3.47	5.49	33.50	47.8	2.23	5.37	4.20	37.5	15.10
Cu	3.95	10.70	30.70	7.58	16.70	18.50	38.50	3.03	8.06	2.90	35.40	24.30
Zn	70.30	53.90	166.00	102.00	86.90	29.60	66.70	28.50	28.80	51.30	107.00	88.00
Ga	23.50	35.00	27.10	39.30	28.10	25.10	26.00	10.20	12.70	21.40	26.90	46.30
Ge	1.40	1.68	1.79	1.33	1.34	1.93	1.74	1.75	1.36	1.30	1.65	1.91
Rb	162.00	169.00	129.00	113.00	135.00	195.00	155.00	256.00	245.00	107.00	157.00	233.00
Sr	401.00	707.00	149.00	229.00	709.00	71.80	92.60	50.30	494.00	344.00	330.00	482.00
Y	30.40	46.90	22.00	44.50	20.80	29.50	41.30	17.00	35.50	14.10	28.50	35.20
Zr	175.00	323.00	194.00	175.00	283.00	187.00	194.00	64.00	71.80	152.00	373.00	326.00
Nb	27.50	16.00	11.60	9.96	13.40	19.10	16.50	7.99	10.40	21.50	18.00	15.30
Cs	12.30	17.20	7.57	11.70	9.51	12.40	10.00	2.10	2.93	4.56	6.90	7.07
Ba	1 336.00	1 157.00	853.00	763.00	945.00	360.00	426.00	723.00	432.00	943.00	1 701.00	2 018.00
Hf	6.83	9.78	6.50	11.00	7.73	5.29	4.92	2.37	2.44	5.99	8.79	7.67
Ta	2.80	2.39	1.80	3.90	0.91	1.42	1.25	1.77	1.66	2.54	1.19	0.91
Pb	53.70	56.80	9.67	81.10	40.20	31.20	25.00	21.70	18.10	51.00	24.80	49.00
Th	40.40	53.70	19.30	57.80	23.60	19.50	18.30	22.20	23.40	41.20	14.30	18.50
U	8.60	11.60	8.04	16.10	6.31	3.18	5.20	6.51	9.71	9.15	2.63	3.95
La	32.30	99.10	36.10	80.20	52.50	48.40	50.10	22.50	27.30	25.30	65.00	156.70
Ce	71.00	215.00	77.60	174.00	107.00	93.50	101.00	43.70	51.80	59.70	107.00	241.80
Pr	7.64	22.40	8.54	18.60	10.50	9.77	10.80	4.48	5.45	6.72	12.30	26.10
Nd	28.00	79.90	32.20	68.20	35.90	35.40	42.60	15.60	19.70	23.60	46.90	89.80
Sm	6.04	15.70	6.58	14.50	6.22	6.39	8.76	3.04	4.26	5.15	8.52	12.60
Eu	0.28	2.37	0.92	0.80	0.85	1.20	1.74	0.31	0.47	0.23	1.65	2.72
Gd	5.22	11.40	4.92	11.80	4.44	5.21	7.80	2.55	4.32	4.19	7.82	9.26
Tb	0.93	1.54	0.73	1.83	0.65	0.81	1.21	0.42	0.79	0.68	1.04	0.91
Dy	5.75	8.30	4.08	10.20	3.77	4.97	7.12	2.57	5.10	3.76	6.06	4.42
Ho	1.17	1.63	0.82	1.95	0.77	1.07	1.48	0.56	1.11	0.66	1.25	0.8
Er	3.36	4.39	2.24	4.85	2.15	3.03	4.05	1.65	3.15	1.54	3.46	2.28
Tm	0.56	0.63	0.33	0.64	0.32	0.46	0.60	0.27	0.48	0.22	0.47	0.30
Yb	4.17	3.91	2.09	3.70	2.07	3.10	3.90	1.88	3.22	1.50	3.06	2.14
Lu	0.65	0.56	0.31	0.48	0.31	0.46	0.59	0.29	0.48	0.22	0.45	0.32
∑REE	167.07	466.83	177.46	391.75	227.45	213.77	241.75	99.82	127.63	133.47	264.98	550.15
LREE/HREE	6.66	13.43	10.43	10.05	14.71	10.19	8.04	8.80	5.84	9.45	10.22	25.93
(La/Yb)_n	5.22	17.09	11.65	14.61	17.10	10.53	8.66	8.07	5.72	11.37	14.32	49.37
δEu	0.15	0.52	0.47	0.18	0.47	0.62	0.63	0.33	0.33	0.15	0.61	0.74
δCe	1.05	1.06	1.03	1.05	1.04	0.98	1.00	0.99	0.97	1.08	0.85	0.83
(La/Sm)_n	3.36	3.97	3.45	3.48	5.31	4.76	3.60	4.66	4.03	3.09	4.80	7.82
(Gd/Lu)_n	1.03	2.61	2.03	3.15	1.84	1.45	1.69	1.13	1.15	2.44	2.23	3.71

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