三江南段-中南半岛特提斯蛇绿岩大地构造与成矿

张宏远; 刘俊来

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2011.027

三江南段-中南半岛特提斯蛇绿岩大地构造与成矿

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.027

张宏远^{1, 2, 3,},
刘俊来^{1, 2}

1.
中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室, 北京 100083
2.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
3.
School of Earth Sciences, the University of Queensland, Steele Building, St Lucia., Brisbane 4072, Australia

基金项目:

国家科技支撑计划项目 2006BAB01A03-3-2

中国地质调查局项目 200811008

国家自然科学重点基金项目 90814006

详细信息

作者简介:
张宏远(1977-), 男, 讲师, 构造地质学专业.E-mail: zhanghongyuan@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.2;P588.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-07-12
- 刊出日期: 2011-03-01

Plate Tectonics and Mineralization of the Tethyan Ophiolite in the Southern Sanjiang and Indo-China Peninsular Area

ZHANG Hong-yuan^{1, 2, 3
,},
LIU Jun-lai^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
3.
School of Earth Sciences, the University of Queensland, Steele Building, St Lucia., Brisbane 4072, Australia

摘要

摘要: 青藏高原东南部特提斯研究是世界地质研究的热点之一, 而三江南段-中南半岛地区是该研究的薄弱而分散地区.因此在特提斯构造域背景下, 结合地层学、岩石学、构造学及古生物学等前人成果资料, 利用中小尺度构造解析, 厘定蛇绿岩混杂带构造古地理并论述成矿规律具有重要意义.(1)在特提斯构造格局基础上, 圈定出与蛇绿岩空间配套的构造岩浆带, 并厘定了缝合带的展布和消减极性规律, 建立了构造古地理图, 从中可以看出古、中、新特提斯变形依次变弱.(2)古特提斯蛇绿岩带典型蛇绿岩区的地质构造解析研究表明其经历印支期以来多期强烈构造活动改造.(3)蛇绿岩带对部分重要矿产资源的形成及分布具有显著控制作用: 蛇绿岩带内的超基性岩是岩浆型钴、镍矿带的重要成矿物质来源; 洋壳关闭及板块碰撞过程中形成的与蛇绿岩带平行分布的大面积酸性岩浆是热液型钨锡矿带的重要物质来源; 中新世前后的构造转折促进了全区热液型矿床的形成.
- 特提斯蛇绿岩 /
- 大地构造 /
- 构造转折 /
- 成矿作用
Abstract: The research about Tethys along the eastern boundary of the Qinghai-Tebit plateau arouses great interests of geologists from all over the world. However, geological jobs keep relatively inadequate and decentralized in the Sanjiang-Indo-China multinational area. Therefore, under the Tethyan tectonic background, it is significant to determine rules of tectonic geography and mineralization of the Tethyan ophiolite complex belt, and to discover the direct evidence of ocean plates based on the former research including its stratigraphy, petrology, structural geology and paleontology. Our study covers the following aspects: (1) The suture location and the subduction direction of different periods are concluded by connecting the tectonic magma belts with the orogenic belt. A geometric pattern of a more fragmentary ophiolite geography of the paleo-Tethys contrasting to that of meso-neo-Tethys can be found easily from the paleogeography. (2) The initial location of sutures greatly changed by events of Indo-Chinese epoch, Yanshanian epoch, and Himalayan epoch can be concluded from our research of the typical ophiolite outcrop area. (3) The formation and distribution of some important mineral resources are obviously controlled by the ophiolite complex belt. The ultra basic rock belts provide the ore material resources of magmatic cobalt and nickel metallogenic belt. The large area of acid magma formed during the course of the close and collision of plates, parallel to the ophiolite belt, is the important material resource of the hydrothermal wolfram and tin deposit belts. The formation of the regional hydrothermal deposits was improved by the transition of tectonic system around the Miocene.
- the Tethyan ophiolite /
- plate tectonics /
- transition of tectonic system /
- mineralization

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图 1 三江南段-中南半岛地区板块构造

a.特提斯范围及分带(甘克文，2000)；b.①昌宁-孟连-清迈古特提斯缝合带(时空参考：Pradidtan and Tongtaow, 1984; 黄汲清和陈炳蔚，1987；方念乔，1993；Ueno and Igo, 1997；莫宣学等，1998；钟大赉，1998；Sashida et al., 2000；Morley et al., 2001；Ueno and Hisada, 2001；Feng, 2002; Feng et al., 2005)；②哀牢山-马江古特提斯缝合带(时空参考：Leloup et al., 1995；Metcalfe, 1997；Wang et al., 2000；闫全人等，2005；Trung et al., 2006；Jian et al., 2009)；③班公湖-怒江中特提斯缝合带(时空参考：潘桂棠等，1983；李方夏等，1995；Betrand et al., 1999；李兴振等，2002；陈玉禄等，2006；王根厚等，2007)；④雅鲁藏布-那加-若开新特提斯缝合带(时空参考：Upton et al., 1997；钟大赉, 1998；Socquet and Pubellier, 2005)；F₁.怒江-实皆断裂；F₂.拉廊断裂；F₃.三塔断裂；F₄.洞里萨湖断裂；F₅.大叻-边和断裂；F₆.奠边府断裂；F₇.长山-岘港断裂；F₈.兰江断裂；F₉.哀牢山-红河断裂；F₁₀.鲜水河-小江断裂；F₁₁.澜沧-景洪断裂；F₁₂.南定河断裂；Ⅰ.经欧洲-北非地中海；Ⅱ.西亚；Ⅲ.东南亚；Ⅳ.澳大利亚北部；Ⅴ.墨西哥湾-加勒比海

Fig. 1. Plate tectonics of souththern Sanjiang and Indo-China peninsula

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图 2 南皮河-小黑江地区地质构造(以云南省地质矿产局(1990)、中华人民共和国1∶20万耿马幅地质图为底图编制)

1.中新统河湖相构造层；2.古近纪英安斑岩；3.花岗岩；4.中侏罗统河湖相-浅海相构造层；5.上三叠统浅海相构造层；6.上石炭统-中三叠统海相-海陆交互相构造层；7.古特提斯蛇绿岩；8.古特提斯超基性岩；9.下寒武统-下石炭统构造层；10.不整合面；11.第三期断层(第四纪)；12.第二期断层(中新世？)；13.第一期断层(古近纪)；14.背斜；15.向斜；16.实测剖面

Fig. 2. Structural geological map of the Nanpi river and small black river area

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图 3 跨越缝合线小黑江沿线蛇绿岩相关岩层三期变形的厘定

a.挡帕河桥：南皮河组剖面，断层隔开地块内部板状交错层理明显，层理产状下半球赤平投影显示断层造成了地块相对转动，揭示断层F₁和F₃均为压扭性质，前者为右行压扭，后者为左行压扭；b.南皮河大桥：南皮河组剖面，地层遭受F₁断层强烈冲断改造，造成众多剪切变形褶皱、倒转褶皱发育，F₁具右旋逆冲断层；c.检查站：中上泥盆统剖面，炭质千枚岩-构造片岩褶皱发育，系早期变形作用，并为NNW向高角度西倾右行逆掩断层F₂切割，晚期构造体制为NW-SE向收缩，以张节理为标志

Fig. 3. Field sections on three period of deformation along the Small Black River area, changing the ophiolite related formation across the paleo-Tethyan suture zone

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图 4 剪切带小尺度-显微尺度构造

a.变质砂岩透镜体，双重构造；b.正交偏光下标本09092-1变质砂岩(与a对应)的石英域(Qz)和白云母(Ms)域定义的S-C组构指示逆时针剪切；c.左行小型剪切带，俯视照，记号笔长约15 cm；d.正交偏光下标本09092-2(与c对应)长英质片状糜棱岩发育石英拉长线理，S-C组构指示逆时针剪切；e.薄片照，域结构明显，自然光，曼飞龙水库云母石英片岩09120；f.正交偏光下标本09120(与e对应)片状糜棱岩富石英域及云母域分化明显，其中富云母域膝折指示右行剪切作用

Fig. 4. Structural analysis of small to micro scale along shear zone

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图 5 曼飞龙水库东上二叠统龙潭组剖面膝折冲断构造

露头以板-千枚岩级变质岩为主, 发育原生层理(S₀)，剪切型褶皱(L_b)及劈理化强烈，数条走滑-收缩性质断层.结合面状构造下半球赤平投影，厘定出早期受到区域NW-NE向中等角度冲断褶皱收缩断层(F_b+F_c+F_d+F_e+F_g)改造，晚期受到区域高角度右行压扭断层(F_a+F_f)改造

Fig. 5. Kink fold and thrust structures of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation near the Manfeilong Reservoir

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表 1 穿越三江南段-中南半岛地区的主要蛇绿岩带

Table 1. Major ophiolite belts crossing the southern Sanjiang area and the Indo-China peninsula

蛇绿岩带	大地构造界线	消减极性	古地理背景及演化	资料来源
金沙江	兰坪-思茅地块与扬子-华南地块	向西或南西	古特提斯分枝，地理环境亲劳亚，晚二叠世-早三叠世发育；三叠纪早期关闭	Metcalfe, 1997
哀牢山	兰坪-思茅地块与扬子-华南地块		古特提斯分枝，两侧地理环境亲劳亚，晚石炭世-晚二叠世发育，闭合于晚三叠世；古近纪以来遭受陆内走滑改造过程而就位	Leloup et al., 1995; Metcalfe, 1997
马江	印支地块与扬子-华南地块		古特提斯分枝，地理环境亲劳亚，关闭于中石炭世	Metcalfe, 1997
难河－程逸	兰坪-思茅地块与印支地块	无	古特提斯分枝，发育于石炭纪－二叠纪－三叠纪，含有蓝片岩；侏罗纪红层和三叠纪末板内大陆玄武岩不整合覆盖于缝合带岩系之上	Metcalfe, 1997
澜沧江	保山-掸泰地块与兰坪-思茅地块	向东	古特提斯主枝，发育于泥盆纪-石炭纪.二叠纪开始消减，以洋底基性喷出岩为标志.早三叠世关闭，中三叠世陆相碎屑岩不整合于缝合带岩系之上	Metcalfe, 1997
昌宁-清迈	保山-掸泰地块与兰坪-思茅地块		古特提斯主枝，发育于早泥盆世－二叠纪；关闭于早、中三叠世	Metcalfe, 1997
庄他武里	保山-掸泰地块与印支地块		古特提斯主枝，发生时间早于早奥陶世，存在早奥陶世花岗质透镜体，锆石U-Pb时代为486±5 Ma.中三叠世关闭	Hada et al., 1999
文冬－劳勿	保山-掸泰地块与印支地块		古特提斯主枝，发育于泥盆-早－中二叠世，关闭时间以晚三叠世(230±9 Ma)到早侏罗世(207±14 Ma)“S”型花岗岩为标志	Metcalfe, 1997
班公湖-怒江	保山-掸泰地块与西缅地块	向西	中特提斯，两侧地理环境亲冈瓦纳，发育于中生代，关闭于白垩纪.存在腾冲白垩纪岩浆岩带	潘桂棠等，1983；王根厚等，2007
那加-若开	印度板块与西缅地块	向东	新特提斯，两侧地理环境亲冈瓦纳，关闭于中新世，证据有实皆韧性－脆韧性走滑断裂带，走滑时间为上新世12~20 Ma；梅平断裂右行走滑改造了昌宁-清迈蛇绿岩带，磷灰石裂变径迹年龄落于始新世巴尔通期－中新世布尔迪加尔期内，即40~18 Ma；高黎贡山韧性－脆韧性走滑断裂带，走滑时间为上新世12~20 Ma	Upton et al., 1997；钟大赉, 1998；Socquet and Pubellier, 2005

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