地质异常的奇异性度量与隐伏源致矿异常识别

成秋明

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2011.032

地质异常的奇异性度量与隐伏源致矿异常识别

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.032

成秋明^{1, 2, 3,}

1.
中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室，北京 100083
3.
加拿大约克大学地球与空间科学和工程系，加拿大多伦多 M3J1P3

基金项目:

国家杰出青年科学研究基金项目 40525009

国家"863"项目 2009AA06Z110

教育部创新团队基金 IRT0755

详细信息

作者简介:
成秋明(1960-)，男，教授，博士生导师，教育部长江学者特聘教授，国家杰出青年基金获得者，国际数学地球科学协会最高奖-克伦宾奖章获得者，主要从事矿产普查与勘探、数学地质、地理信息系统以及矿产资源评价的教学和研究.E-mail: qiuming@yorku.ca

中图分类号: P628
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-12-20
- 刊出日期: 2011-03-01

Singularity Modeling of Geo-Anomalies and Recognition of Anomalies Caused by Buried Sources

CHENG Qiu-ming^{1, 2, 3
,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, Department of Geography, York University, Toronto M3J1P3, Canada

摘要

摘要: 以个旧锡多金属矿床为例，研究了致矿地质异常的非线性特征.从异常地质事件和成矿作用的奇异性出发，定量分析了地质异常的奇异性、不连续性、非平稳性、混沌性、自相似性、临界性等非线性特征.在此基础上，详细介绍了局部奇异性分析原理和方法，论述了奇异性指数对隐伏源异常的识别能力.结果表明，奇异性分析方法在个旧地区水系沉积物地球化学数据处理和隐伏源地球化学异常识别和圈定应用中是有效的.分析结果一定程度上消除了隐伏源深度的影响，所圈定的局部地球化学异常不仅在个旧东区较好地对应了已发现的大型锡矿床的分布，而且在其他低缓地球化学异常区也圈定了多处局部异常，为进一步开展锡矿勘查提供了重要靶区.奇异性理论和方法有望为深部矿产预测、隐伏矿预测、覆盖区矿产预测等特殊环境开展矿产预测提供了新的实用性理论和方法技术.
- 奇异性 /
- 地质异常 /
- 隐伏源 /
- 矿产综合预测 /
- 非线性分析
Abstract: This paper investigates the nonlinear properties of geo-anomalies related to mineralization. It was demonstrated that geochemical anomalies in stream sediments in Gejiu mineral district caused by Sn mineralization can be modeled by fractal and multifractal models and they depict singularity, discontinuity, chaoticality, and indifferentiality. It was also shown that the singularity calculated from 2D geochemical landscape can reflect the causes of buried sources. The concepts and methods were validated using the concentration values of trace elements Sn, Cu, As, Pb, Zn and Cd in stream sediments. The results obtained using windows-based local singularity analysis method not only provide anomalies in general agreement with the locations of known mineral deposits in the eastern Gejiu district but also new anomalies delineated in the other areas of Gejiu that provide potential target areas for further mineral exploration for undiscovered Sn mineral deposits. It is anticipated that the singularity analysis method introduced in the paper will become a new powerful tool applicable for quantitative prediction of buried mineral deposits in covered terrain.
- singularity /
- geological anomalies /
- buried sources /
- comprehensive predication of minerals /
- nonlinear analysis

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图 1 个旧地区简化地质图

紫红色多边形代表个旧岩体；黄色多边形代表个旧组碳酸盐地层；白色区域表示其他地层；黑色实线代表断裂构造；圆点代表锡矿床；箭头线A-A'表示剖面线(图 2c)的位置

Fig. 1. Simplified geology of the Gejiu mineral district

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图 2 云南个旧东区锡矿床与花岗岩接触关系以及地表地球化学剖面(位置见图 1A-A')

a.水系沉积物Sn含量剖面；b.Sn局部奇异性指数值剖面；c.地质剖面示意图(见程彦博等，2008)；1.中三叠统个旧组；2.辉绿岩；3.蚀变黑云母花岗岩；4.脉状矿体；5.燕山晚期花岗岩；6.花岗岩；7.砂铜矿；8.矽卡岩；9.碳酸盐岩；10.似斑状黑云母花岗岩；11.层间矿体；12.网状矿

Fig. 2. Profile of Sn ore, granites and surface geochemical anomalies

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图 3 (a) 水系沉积物Sn含量图；(b)密度-面积关系图, 四段直线段由最小二乘法拟合

a图中黑三角形表示锡矿床，等值线表示由图b中密度-面积关系确定的异常区间；白色等值线表示Sn＞344×10^-6(Ⅰ)，黑粗等值线6×10^-6＜Sn≤344×10^-6(Ⅱ)，黑细等值线2×10^-6＜Sn≤6×10^-6(Ⅲ)

Fig. 3. (a) Distribution of log-transformed values (10^-6) of Sn in stream sediment samples.; (b) C-A (concentration-area) plot showing the cumulative area (number of cells of 4 km²) versus the tin concentration value; the base of logarithms is e

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图 4 云南个旧东区某地水系沉积物As元素密度与面积关系(Cheng and Zhao, 2011)

实线代表采用最小二乘法拟合的幂率模型

Fig. 4. Relationship between the concentration density values (10^-6/km²) of As and square windows with various window sizes

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图 5 (a) 由主成分分析方法所计算的地球化学组合元素(Sn、Cu、As、Pb、Zn and Cd)分布；(b) 采用局部奇异性分析方法所计算的奇异性指数值分布

透明的多边形表示个旧岩体分布范围；白色的圆圈代表锡矿床；黑色线条代表断裂构造

Fig. 5. (a) Scoring map of the first principle component showing the spatial distribution of multiple elements of Sn, Cu, As, Pb, Zn and Cd; (b) Singularity obtained from the anomalies in Fig. 5a, with a positive value of 5 added so that the map has positive values. Singularity was calculated with square windows sized within 26 km

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图 6 矿体分布示意

a.矿体出露地表；b.矿体未出露地表但原生晕带出露地表；c.构造原生晕带出露地表；d.矿体及原生晕均被上覆盖层掩埋；A.岩石；B.矿体原生晕带；C.矿体；D.构造原生晕带；E.上覆盖层；F.覆盖层中的元素富集带

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram showing situations of location of ore bodies and primary halos in relations to rock surface and over burdens

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