激光雷达测量技术在地学中的若干应用

马洪超

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2011.037

激光雷达测量技术在地学中的若干应用

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.037

马洪超

武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室，武汉大学遥感信息工程学院，湖北武汉 430079

基金项目:

国家"863"重点项目"灾害遥感应急监测与灾情信息快速提取技术" 2009AA12Z101-2-3

详细信息

作者简介:
马洪超(1969-)，男，教授，主要研究方向是激光雷达数据处理与应用.E-mail: hchma@whu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P225
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-12-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-10
- 刊出日期: 2011-03-01

Review on Applications of LiDAR Mapping Technology to Geosciences

MA Hong-chao

State Key Lab for Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing & School of Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

摘要

摘要: 对激光雷达测量技术在全球冰川监测、局部断裂带提取、滑坡监测和稳定性评价以及海岸线提取和海岸侵蚀等方面的应用做了较为全面的综述.作为一种新型的对地观测手段，激光雷达(含星载、机载、车载和地面)的应用已经从传统的测绘扩大到包括文物保护在内的诸多其他应用领域.所综述的激光雷达技术在地学研究中的4个应用方面，是传统地学研究中与全球变化和人居环境最为密切的方向.分析表明，激光雷达技术在这些研究方向中的应用大有作为.
- 激光雷达(LiDAR) /
- 冰川 /
- 断裂 /
- 滑坡 /
- 海岸侵蚀和海岸线
Abstract: This paper reviews the applications of laser mapping technology in the fields of global glacier analysis and monitoring, local and large scale faults extraction, landslide mapping and susceptibility assessment, shoreline detection and coastal erosion monitoring. As a new type of air-or-space borne remote sensing sensor, the application of laser mapping technology (including spaceborne, airborne, vehicle-based and terrestrial) has been extended from conventional surveying and precision surveying to such various fields as cultural heritage protection. The four application fields reviewed in the paper are four major research topics that are mostly related to human-environmental interaction. The review conclusion shows that the laser mapping technology should be or is becoming an indispensable tool for above mentioned issues.
- light detection and ranging (LiDAR) /
- glaciers /
- fault /
- landslides /
- coastal erosion and shoreline

HTML全文

图 1 机载激光雷达数据获取示意

Fig. 1. A scheme showing how airborne LiDAR system works

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 都－汶公路映秀镇附近数字表面模型(DSM)

数据由Leica ALS50II机载激光雷达在2008年5月31日获取，点密度为0.8点/km².图中为原始点云数据高程配色的结果，可以判读出多个滑坡(图中箭头所示)

Fig. 2. Digital surface model (DSM) along Du-Wen highway in the vicinity of Yingxiu Town

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 几种类型激光雷达系统的简单比较

Table 1. Brief comparison among different types of LiDAR system

类型	平台	相对飞行高度	点云密度	精度	主要用途	主要型号
机载激光雷达	飞机(固定翼或直升机)	30~6 000 m	和多种因素有关.最大可以达到100点/m²以上	和多种因素有关.高程精度可以达到10 cm以下，平面精度可以达到10 cm左右	获取高精度数字表面模型和数字高程模型，可以应用于测绘、水利、林业、电力、城市规划等等多个领域	Leica ALS系列，Optech ALTM系列，TopoSys Harrier系列和Falcon系列，RIEGL LitterMapper系列等
车载激光雷达	汽车		每m²几百个点以上	平面和水平精度略高于机载激光雷达系统	主要是对地物的侧面进行激光扫描	英国StreetMapper系统，Optech lynx系统等
地面激光雷达	地面固定站点		每平方米可以达上千个点	平面和水平精度可以达到毫米，甚至亚毫米级	用于物体精细三维建模.广泛应用于工业测量、文物考古、建筑物建模等领域	主要由Leica、Optech、RIEGL等公司供应
星载激光雷达	卫星	400~600 km	光斑直径60~70 m，点间距170 m	垂直精度15 cm	全球植被、极地冰川、大气等研究领域	主要是美国NASA发射ICESat卫星上的GLAS激光雷达

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