流体—超镁铁质岩相互作用与硬玉岩的形成

祁敏; 向华; 钟增球; 周汉文

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2011.052

流体—超镁铁质岩相互作用与硬玉岩的形成

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.052

祁敏¹,
向华¹,
钟增球^1, ,,
周汉文^{1, 2}

1.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学教育部长江三峡库区地质灾害研究中心, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 40873044

详细信息

作者简介:
祁敏(1982-), 女, 博士研究生, 主要从事宝玉石研究

通讯作者:
钟增球, E-mail: zqzhong@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P588.36
计量
- 文章访问数: 3239
- HTML全文浏览量: 573
- PDF下载量: 51
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-12-10
- 刊出日期: 2011-05-01

Fluid-Ultramafic Rock Interaction and Formation of Jadeite Rocks

QI Min¹,
XIANG Hua¹,
ZHONG Zeng-qiu^{1
, ,},
ZHOU Han-wen^{1, 2}

1.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-Hazard, Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 俯冲带中流体与岩石相互作用以及流体循环一直是地质学家关注的焦点之一.硬玉岩(翡翠)作为高档宝玉石材料, 其成因一直备受关注.硬玉岩产于与俯冲带有关的蛇纹石化超镁铁质岩中, 是俯冲带中流体与超镁铁岩相互作用的特殊产物.岩石组合、岩相学、显微结构及矿物化学特征表明: 橄榄岩与流体的作用可以分为5个阶段, 分别为蛇纹石化→(绿泥石、金云母)→角闪石→辉石→(方沸石、钠长石)阶段.结合热力学相图, 总结了橄榄岩与流体作用过程中矿物的演化序列.硬玉岩的形成需要富Na、Al、Si流体和较高的压力.缅甸硬玉岩中, 钠质闪石总是与硬玉岩伴生, 钠质闪石成分变化大, 且能与流体发生再平衡从而调节自身和流体的成分.钠质闪石在硬玉形成过程中充当了Na、Al、Si的缓冲剂, 使Na、Al、Si达到一定比例有利于硬玉的结晶.
- 硬玉岩 /
- 成因 /
- 物质来源 /
- 钠源 /
- 流体 /
- 岩石学
Abstract: The fluid-rock interactions and fluid circulations in subduction zone have been a focus for geologists. As a kind of high-grade gem material, the genesis of jadeite rocks attracts an increasing concern. The jadeite rocks generally occur in the serpentinized ultramafic rocks in subduction zones and its formation is related to the interaction between subduction-related fluids and ultramafic rocks (peridotite). Based on rock association, petrography, microstructure and mineral chemical characteristics, the processes of interaction between peridotite and fluid can be divided into five stages, that is, serpentine→ (chlorite, phlogopite) →amphibole→pyroxene→ (analcime, albite). Combined with analysis of thermodynamic phase diagrams, the evolutionary series of minerals in the processes of interaction are identified. Formation of jadeite requires the fluids enrich in Na, Al, Si and under relatively higher pressure. In the jadeite rocks from Myanmar, the sodium amphiboles with various chemical components are always associated with the jadeite, and rebalance of the amphiboles with fluids can regulate the compositions of minerals and fluids. Sodium amphiboles act as a buffer in the formation process of jade and the jadeite was crystallized when the Na, Al and Si were concentrated to certain percentage.
- jadeitite /
- petrogenesis /
- material resources /
- Na-source /
- fluid /
- petrology

HTML全文

图 1 缅甸及邻区地质构造简图(a)(丘志力等，2008)及缅甸翡翠矿区地质简图(b)(Shi et al., 2008)

1.第四纪; 2.安山岩; 3.玄武岩; 4.硅质岩; 5.含硬玉砾石岩; 6.火山角砾岩; 7.花岗岩; 8.蛇纹石化橄榄岩; 9.结晶片岩类; 10.第三纪沉积岩; 11.硅质角砾岩; △.硬玉岩; ■.铬铁矿; ●.金矿化点

Fig. 1. Simplified tectonic map of Myanmar and the adjacent areas (a) and geological map of the Myanmar jadeite area (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 手标本照片

a.硬玉岩与钠长石岩接触界线；b.硬玉岩外围的角闪石带以及硬玉中的角闪石；Jd.硬玉；Ab.钠长石；Amp.角闪石

Fig. 2. Hand specimen photos

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 显微结构照片

a.细小叶片状斜绿泥石及铬铁矿残余，部分铬铁矿周围有有绿色钠铬辉石(单偏光)；b.角闪石与绿泥石共生(正交偏光)；c.角闪石边缘及内部的毛发状钠质辉石(单偏光)；d.角闪石中细粒钠质辉石包裹体(单偏光)；e.钠质角闪石中大量针状钠质辉石析出(单偏光)；f.长柱状角闪石与自形粒状的硬玉共生(正交偏光)；g.角闪石边缘被硬玉交代(BSE图像)；h.早期粗粒硬玉核部包含大量包裹体，边部较干净(单偏光)；i.硬玉的韵律环带(正交偏光)；j.自形的硬玉晶体间空隙被后期的方沸石充填(正交偏光)；k.钠长石细脉穿插在角闪石晶体中(BSE)；l.硬玉岩中的钠长石细脉(正交偏光)；Jd=硬玉；Ab=钠长石；Amp=角闪石；Chl=绿泥石；Chr=铬铁矿；Na-Cpx=钠质辉石；Acm=方沸石；Ko=钠铬辉石

Fig. 3. Micrographs showing the microtextures of the jadeitites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 角闪石成分变化图解

a.Na-Al-(Si-6)图解；b.Na-Al图解

Fig. 4. The diagrams of amphibole composition

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 斜方辉石成分图解(a)和斜方辉石Ca vs. Na(b)

Fig. 5. Compositional trend of orthopyroxene (a) and orthopyroxene Ca vs.Na (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 ACF及AFNa图解

A=Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃+Cr₂O₃；C=CaO；F=FeO+MgO+MnO；Na=Na₂O

Fig. 6. Correlation of ACF and AFNa

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 log a_SiO₂(aq)-log a_Ca²⁺/ $a_{\rm{H}}^2 + $示意(Allen et al., 2003)(a)和log a_SiO₂(aq)-log a_Na⁺×a_Al(OH)₄^-示意(b)

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of log a_SiO₂(aq)-log a_Ca²⁺/$a_{\rm{H}}^2 + $ (a) and log a_SiO₂(aq)-log a_Na⁺×a_Al(OH)₄^- (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 BSE图像显示角闪石沿边缘及裂隙成分变化

Fig. 8. Backscatter electron (BSE) images showing the change of chemical composition along border and fractures of the amphibole porphyroblasts

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各种矿物代表性电子探针成分分析结果(主量元素单位：%)

Table 1. Representative electron microprobe data of minerals from the jadeitite

	Ol^*	Chr	Serp	Chl	Chl	Phl	Eck	Gla	Mg-Kat	Nyb	Rich	Tre	Ko	Cr-Jd	Jd	Omp	Ab	Acm
SiO₂	41.55	0.14	41.99	36.90	34.87	42.98	57.18	58.23	52.29	53.74	56.36	55.71	53.36	56.82	59.23	56.16	68.33	59.52
Al₂O₃	0.00	7.15	1.38	13.44	7.44	12.49	7.01	4.94	7.41	7.56	6.80	2.44	2.36	15.15	24.65	8.75	19.24	24.97
TiO₂	0.00	0.04	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.12	0.18	0.08	0.04	0.04	0.48	0.26	0.03	0.21	0.03	0.00
Cr₂O₃	0.00	58.28	0.15	1.34	8.82	0.92	1.02	7.82	0.02	5.60	1.10	1.44	26.52	6.29	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
MgO	51.36	1.09	36.94	27.94	27.93	23.32	17.96	13.27	18.90	16.31	18.47	21.87	0.65	2.65	0.16	10.37	0.00	0.06
FeO	7.39	28.97	7.94	6.09	7.71	4.84	4.01	5.46	4.63	2.47	3.93	2.35	2.32	2.26	0.12	2.99	0.03	0.10
MnO	0.00	3.61	0.07	0.07	0.26	0.12	0.10	0.05	0.10	0.05	0.09	0.19	0.07	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CaO	0.00	0.04	0.08	0.67	0.90	0.02	3.04	0.41	8.92	2.03	3.97	11.16	0.78	3.59	0.20	14.70	0.08	0.11
Na₂O	0.00	0.00	0.32	0.06	0.04	0.04	9.23	8.27	4.61	10.03	8.82	1.90	13.37	12.76	15.25	6.28	11.78	9.88
K₂O	0.00	0.00	0.02	2.76	0.03	10.23	0.19	0.19	0.20	0.08	0.24	0.12	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.03
Total	100.30	99.31	88.91	89.27	88.02	95.00	99.81	98.76	97.25	97.95	99.82	97.21	99.90	99.82	99.64	99.46	99.49	94.67
Si	1.002	0.005	3.951	3.479	3.420	3.056	7.676	7.961	7.279	7.428	7.593	7.692	1.991	1.988	2.001	1.996	2.997	2.064
Al	0.000	0.302	0.153	1.493	0.860	1.047	1.110	0.795	1.216	1.232	1.080	0.397	0.104	0.625	0.981	0.367	0.995	1.020
Ti	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.007	0.013	0.019	0.008	0.004	0.004	0.013	0.007	0.001	0.006	0.001	0.000
Fe3	0.000	0.033	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.197	0.170	0.271	0.114	0.202	0.136	0.072	0.066	0.003	0.062	0.001	0.000
Cr	0.000	1.653	0.011	0.100	0.684	0.052	0.108	0.845	0.002	0.612	0.117	0.158	0.782	0.174	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Mg	1.847	0.058	5.181	3.926	4.084	2.472	3.594	2.704	3.921	3.361	3.710	4.501	0.036	0.138	0.008	0.550	0.000	0.003
Fe2	0.149	0.837	0.625	0.480	0.632	0.288	0.253	0.454	0.268	0.171	0.241	0.135	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.027	0.000	0.003
Mn	0.000	0.110	0.006	0.005	0.021	0.007	0.011	0.006	0.011	0.006	0.010	0.023	0.002	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Ca	0.000	0.001	0.008	0.067	0.095	0.001	0.437	0.060	1.330	0.301	0.573	1.651	0.031	0.134	0.007	0.560	0.004	0.004
Na	0.000	0.000	0.058	0.012	0.008	0.006	2.402	2.193	1.245	2.689	2.305	0.507	0.967	0.865	0.999	0.433	1.001	0.664
K	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.332	0.004	0.928	0.032	0.032	0.036	0.015	0.042	0.021	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.001
O	4	4	14	14	14	11	23	23	23	23	23	23	6	6	6	6	8	6
Mg^#	0.93	0.07	0.89	0.89	0.87	0.90	0.93	0.86	0.94	0.95	0.94	0.97	0.99	1.00	1.00	0.95	1.00	0.49
注: ^*据施光海等，2001.

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(34)

Acharyya, S.K., 2007. Collisional emplacement history of the Naga-Andaman ophiolites and the position of the eastern Indian suture. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 29(2-3): 229-242. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.03.003
Allen, D.E., Seyfried Jr., W.E., 2003. Compositional controls on vent fluids from ultramatic-hosted hydrothermal systems at mid-ocean ridges: an experimental study at 400 ℃, 500 bars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(8): 1531-1542. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01173-0
Barley, M.E., Pickard, A.L., Khin, Z., et al., 2003. Jurassic to Miocene magmatism and metamorphism in the Mogok metamorphic belt and the India-Eurasia collision in Myanmar. Tectonics, 22(3): 1019. doi: 10.1029/2002TC001398
Coleman, R.G., 1961. Jadeite deposits of the clear Creek area, New Idria district, San Benito County, California. Journal of Petrology, 2(2): 209-247. doi: 10.1093/petrology/2.2.209
Cui, W.Y., Shi, G.H., Yang, F.X., et al., 2000. A new viewpoint-magma genesis of jadeite jade. Journal of Gems & Gemmology, 2(3): 16-22 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-BSHB200003005.htm
Curray, J.R., 2005. Tectonics and history of the Andaman sea region. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 25(1): 187-228. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.09.001
Frost, B.R., Beard, J.S., 2007. On silica activity and serpentinization. Journal of Petrology, 48(7): 1351-1368. doi: 10.1093/petrology/emg021
Garcia-Casco, A., Vega, A.R., Parraga, J.C., et al., 2009. A new jadeitite jade locality (Sierra del Convento, Cuba): first report and some petrological and archeological implications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 158(1): 1-16. doi: 10.1007/s00410-008-0367-0
Harlow, G.E., 1994. Jadeitites, albitites and related rocks from the Motagua fault zone, Guatemala. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 12(1): 49-68. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1994.tb00003.x
Harlow, G.E., Sorensen, S.S., 2005. Jade (nephrite and jadeitite) and serpentinite: metasomatic connections. International Geology Review, 47(2): 113-146. doi: 10.2747/0020-6814.47.2.113
Manning, C.E., 1998. Fluid composition at the blueschist-eclogite transition in the model system Na₂O-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O-HCl. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 78(2): 225-242.
Mitchell, A.H.G., Htay, M.T., Htun, K.M., et al., 2007. Rock relationships in the Mogok metamorphic belt, Tatkon to Mandalay, central Myanmar. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 29(5-6): 891-910. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.009
Morishita, T., Arai, S., Ishida, Y., 2007. Trace element compositions of jadeite (+omphacite) in jadeitites from the Itoigawa-Ohmi district, Japan: implications for fluid processes in subduction zones. Island Arc, 16(1): 40-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1738.2007.00557.x
Morley, C.K., 2004. Nested strike-slip duplexes, and other evidence for Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene transpressional tectonics before and during India-Eurasia collision, in Thailand, Myanmar and Malaysia. Journal of the Geological Society, 161(5): 799-812. doi: 10.1144/0016-764903-124
Qiu, Z.L., Wu, F.Y., Yang, S.H., et al., 2008. Age and genesis of the Myanmar jadeite: constraints from U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of zircon inclusions. Chinese Science Bulletin, 54(4): 658-668. doi: 10.1007/S1134-008-04903
Searle, M.P., Noble, S.R., Cottle, J.M., et al., 2007. Tectonic evolution of the Mogok metamorphic belt, Burma (Myanmar) constrained by U-Th-Pb dating of metamorphic and magmatic rocks. Tectonics, 26(3): TC3014. doi: 10.1029/2006TC002083
Shi, G.H., Cui, W.Y., Cao, S.M., et al., 2008. Ion microprobe zircon U-Pb age and geochemistry of the Myanmar jadeitite. Journal of the Geological Society, 165: 221-234. doi: 10.1144/0016-76492006-119
Shi, G.H., Cui, W.Y., Liu, J., et al., 2001. Petrology of jadeite-bearing serpentinized peridotite and its country rocks from northwestern Myanmar (Burma). Acta Petrologica Sinica, 17(3): 483-490 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.oalib.com/paper/1473035
Shi, G.H., Cui, W.Y., Tropper, P., et al., 2003. The petrology of a complex sodic and sodic-calcic amphibole association and its implications for the metasomatic processes in the jadeitite area in northwestern Myanmar, formerly Burma. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 145(3): 355-376. doi: 10.1007/s00410-003-0457-y
Shi, G.H., Cui, W.Y., Wang, C.Q., et al., 2000. The fluid inclusions in jadeitite from Pharkant area, Myanmar. Chinese Science Bulletin, 45(20): 1896-1900. doi: 10.1007/BF02886302
Shi, G.H., Stockhert, B., Cui, W.Y., 2005a. Kosmochlor and chromian jadeite aggregates from the Myanmar jadeitite area. Mineralogical Magazine, 69(6): 1059-1075. doi: 10.1180/026461056960308
Shi, G.U., Tropper, P., Cui, W.Y., et al., 2005b. Methane, (CH4)-bearing fluid inclusions in the Myanmar jadeitite. Geochemical Journal, 39(6): 503-516. doi: 10.2343/geochemj.39.503
Sorensen, S., Harlow, G.E., Rumble Ⅲ, D., 2006. The origin of jadeitite-forming subduction-zone fluids: CL-guided SIMS oxygen-isotope and trace-element evidence. American Mineralogist, 91(7): 979-996. doi: 10.2138/am.2006.1949
Sorensen, S.S., Sisson, V.B., Harlow, G.E., 2008. Fluids and the REE and O-isotopes of albitite, jadeitite and jadeite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72(12): A885-A885. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008GeCAS..72Q.885S
Tsujimori, T., Moriguti, T., Kunihiro, T., et al., 2007. Large-scale fluid flow in a cold subduction-zone: SIMS Li-isotope study of jadeitite veins in Franciscan metagraywacke. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71(15S): A1040-A1040. http://goldschmidt.info/2007/abstracts_Abs_Vol/4726.pdf
Wang, X.M., Zeng, Z.G., Chen, J.B., et al., 2009. Serpentinization of peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc. Progress in Natural Science, 19(10): 1287-1295. doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2009.04.004
Zhang, L.J., 2004. Characteristics and genesis of the primary jadeite jade orebody in Nammaw, Myanmar. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 23(1): 49-53 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YSKW200401006.htm
Zhang, W.J., 2002. Jadeite deposit geology in Pharkant area, North Myanmar. Yunnan Geology, 21(4): 378-390 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/288861172_Jadeite_deposit_geology_in_Pharkant_area_North_Myanmar
崔文元, 施光海, 杨富绪, 等, 2000. 一种新观点——翡翠新的岩浆成因说. 宝石和宝石学杂志, 2(3): 16-21. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BSHB200003005.htm
丘志力, 吴福元, 杨树辉, 等, 2008. 缅甸翡翠形成时代和成因的锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素制约. 科学通报, 53(24): 3104-3111. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.2008.24.019
施光海, 崔文元, 刘晶, 等, 2001. 缅甸含硬玉的蛇纹石化橄榄岩及其围岩的岩石学研究. 岩石学报, 17(3): 483-490.
施光海, 崔文元, 王长秋, 等, 2000. 缅甸帕敢地区硬玉岩中流体包裹体. 科学通报, 45(13): 1433-1437. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.2000.13.017
张良钜, 2004. 缅甸纳莫原生翡翠矿体特征与成因研究. 岩石矿物学杂志, 23(1): 49-53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6524.2004.01.008
张位及, 2002. 缅甸北部帕敢地区翡翠矿床地质. 云南地质, 21(4): 378-390. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1885.2002.04.004