The Influence and Appraisement of Source Rock Heterogeneity on Kinetic Parameters of Hydrocarbon Generation from Organic Matter
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摘要: 烃源岩的非均质性、动力学模型中频率因子的不确定性、热模拟实验条件(开放/封闭程度、加水与否、升温速率)以及热模拟实验的再现性都将影响有机质成烃动力学模型参数, 进而影响油气资源潜力评价结果的可信度.对此, 从多个盆地不同类型有机质样品(18块)的开放体系(Rock-Eval)热模拟实验入手, 选取SFF模型和MFF模型来描述不同类型有机质样品成烃动力学特征, 对比地质外推结果的差异性.其中采用SFF模型低估了具有较低和较高活化能有机质的生烃潜力(反应分数), 而采用MFF模型可以避免这一问题, 同时频率因子随活化能的升高而升高, 能有效解决频率因子不确定性的问题.同时采用算术平均法和依据S2加权平均法对不同类型样品的动力学参数求取平均动力学参数, 并以3.3 ℃/Ma的升温速率进行外推, 对比分析了不同类型有机质外推结果的差异性.最后, 通过对两种模型依据S2加权平均法获得的动力学参数在松辽盆地黑鱼泡凹陷实际应用表明, 应用MFF模型计算得出的生烃门限深度为1 700 m, 与前人研究结论一致.表明采用MFF模型和S2加权平均法获得的动力学参数进行资源评价具有较高可信度.Abstract: The heterogeneity of source rock, the uncertainty of frequency factor and the simulation experiment conditions (such as being open or closed, adding water or not, heating rates and the reproducibility) all affect the kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation from organic matter, which in turn, affect the reliability of appraised hydrocarbon potential. To this point, eighteen organic matter (OM) samples were pyrolyzed by using the Rock-Eval equipment, and parallel first-order reaction models including the model with a single frequency factor and a discrete distribution of activation energies (SFF model) and the model with multiple frequency factors and a discrete distribution of activation energies (MFF model) are adopted to analyze kinetic characteristics of hydrocarbon generation of all samples and to contrast the results difference of geological extrapolation. The comparison and analysis shows that the MFF model can avoid miscalculating the hydrocarbon generation potential (reaction ratio) in the low and high evolution stages, which appears in SFF model. For comparing the discrepancy of hydrocarbon generation from different type of kerogens, the arithmetic mean and weighted mean methods with pyrolysis parameter S2 are employed to get averaged kinetic parameters, and then averaged kinetic parameters are extrapolated with a heating rate of 3.3 ℃/Ma. At last, the application of two kind kinetic models with the kinetic parameters of the weighted mean methods in Heiyupao Sag of Songliao basin shows that if taking the hydrocarbon transformation ratio of 10% as the onset of the hydrocarbon generation threshold, the threshold depth of hydrocarbon generation is about 1 700 m, which is consistent with the appraisement result by using other geochemical parameters. Therefore, it is recommended that the kinetic method with the MFF model and the weighted mean kinetic parameters is used to appraise the hydrocarbon resource potential.
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Key words:
- kinetic model /
- simulation experiment /
- frequency factor /
- type of organic matter /
- heterogeneity /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 Rock-Eval热解样品(镇参1井)实验转化率和动力学模型计算转化率对比
a.SFF模型；b.MFF模型；R.计算值和实测值相关系数
Fig. 1. Experiment TR vs. kinetic model calculated TR for Zhencan 1 well source rock
图 2 Ⅰ型有机质SFF模型和MFF模型活化能参数分布
横坐标表示活化能分布区间，分布区间为160~340 kJ/mol，步长为10 kJ/mol；纵坐标表示反应分数.图中第一列和第三列为SFF模型标定的活化能分布图，第二列及第四列为MFF模型标定的活化能分布图
Fig. 2. Activation energies distributions for type Ⅰ kerogen of different models
图 3 Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型有机质SFF模型和MFF模型活化能参数分布
坐标轴含义与图 3坐标轴含义相同；图中第一列和第二列为Ⅱ型有机质的活化能分布图，第三列及第四列为Ⅲ型有机质的活化能分布图
Fig. 3. Activation energies distributions for type Ⅱ and Ⅲ kerogen of different models
图 4 两种模型地质外推结果(Ⅰ型有机质样品的动力学参数)
地质升温速率3.3 K/Ma，X轴范围从50~200 ℃，间隔为30 ℃；实线表示SFF模型应用结果，空心圆点表示MFF模型应用结果.横坐标表示地质温度(℃)，纵坐标表示有机质成烃转化率
Fig. 4. Extrapolation results of two models (type Ⅰ kerogen)
图 6 不同有机质类型烃源岩样品两种模型动力学参数算术平均对比
a.Ⅰ型有机质样品；b.Ⅱ型有机质样品；c.Ⅲ型有机质样品，实心三角则表示对应反应分数大于1%的频率因子
Fig. 6. Comparison of the distribution of averaged activation energies of two models for different type organic matters
图 7 两种模型外推结果对比
地质升温速率3.3 K/Ma；a.Ⅰ型有机质样品；b.Ⅱ型有机质样品；c.Ⅲ型有机质样品；s表示SFF模型计算结果；m表示MFF模型计算结果
Fig. 7. Comparison of extrapolation results of two models
图 8 两种平均方法得到的活化能分布对比
a.表示Ⅰ型有机质；b.表示Ⅱ型有机质；c.表示Ⅲ型有机质；s.SFF模型；m.MFF模型；校正前指采用算数平均法；校正后指采用S2加权平均法
Fig. 8. Comparison of the distribution of averaged activation energies of two models
图 9 两种模型两种平均动力学参数地质外推转化率-温度关系
地质升温速率3.3 K/Ma；a.表示Ⅰ型有机质；b.表示Ⅱ型有机质；c.表示Ⅲ型有机质；校正前指采用算数平均法获得的动力学参数外推结果、校正后指采用S2加权平均法获得的动力学参数外推结果
Fig. 9. TR vs. geological temperature by extrapolation of the averaged kinetic parameters with two models
图 10 松辽盆地黑鱼泡凹陷生烃剖面(a.应用地化参数得出的剖面，据卢双舫等，2009修改；b.应用两种模型S2平均动力学参数计算得出的剖面)
Fig. 10. Hydrocarbon generation profile in the Heiyupao sag in Songliao basin
表 1 样品地化参数
Table 1. Geochemical parameters in the studied samples
样品 层位 岩性 Ro(%) TOC(%) Tmax(℃) HI(mg HC/g TOC) OI(mg CO2/g TOC) S2(mg/g) 类型 盆地 松辽煤 营城组 煤样 0.5 73.39 427 217 3.00 159.28 Ⅲ 松辽盆地 鱼17 qn1 灰黑色泥岩 0.83 3.92 443 689 56.00 27.02 Ⅰ 金87 qn1 泥岩 0.88 2.34 444 604 43.00 8.99 Ⅰ 鱼20 qn1 泥岩 0.85 1.64 445 548 97.00 20.59 Ⅰ 金88 qn1 灰黑色泥岩 0.9 2.98 451 691 23.00 14.14 Ⅰ 任10 n1 灰黑色泥岩 0.46 4.17 427 1 048 25.72 37.42 I 杜410 qn23 灰黑色泥岩 0.5 5.59 433 1 052 8.00 26.12 Ⅰ 盛1 qn1 灰黑色泥岩 0.41 3.77 440 1 139 9.00 11.15 Ⅰ 杜402 qn1 灰黑色泥岩 0.7 1.36 440 920 55.51 12.53 Ⅰ 和2 k1n1 泥岩 0.68 4.25 439 177 － 4.61 Ⅲ 海拉尔盆地 和3 k1d1 煤 0.48 4.66 435 115 － 5.37 Ⅲ 阳27 Es4上 泥岩 1.23 1.36 427 477 143.00 6.49 Ⅱ 渤海湾盆地 官107 Es4上 灰色页岩 － 2.24 432 453 60.00 10.15 Ⅱ 钟参1-2 n.d. 暗色泥岩 － 1.87 434 238 196.00 4.45 Ⅲ 镇参1 Es4上 深灰色泥岩 0.26 4.64 387 541 131.00 25.09 Ⅱ 大43 Es3上 灰质油页岩 0.9 8.34 429 585 22.00 48.78 Ⅱ 汶ZK16 Es4上 油页岩 0.41 3.24 407 567 127.00 18.36 Ⅱ 艾试1 － 泥岩 0.33 10.52 420 79 17.00 8.35 Ⅲ 吐哈盆地 
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