Morphologic Association of Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures As Paleoenvironment Indicator: An Example from Meso- to Neo-Proterozoic Siliciclastics of Southern North China Platform
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摘要: 微生物席成因构造(microbially induced sedimentary structures, MISS)是由微生物与沉积物相互作用形成的生物-沉积构造, 可作为早期微生物群活动的重要标识, 但对其指示古环境的研究尚显不足.华北地台南部中-新元古代汝阳群(Pt2)和洛峪群(Pt3)以近岸浅水陆源碎屑沉积为主, 其中发育大量MISS, 包括多向波痕、微生物席稳化波痕、微生物席碎片、微生物席平滑波痕、多种微生物席脱水形成的砂裂及不规则网状生长脊等.研究表明, 在潮坪环境中MISS最为发育.地势差异对水动力、基底暴露、水分补给和沉积条件等环境因素具有显著控制作用, 影响微生物席的发育与结构, 因此, MISS的形态组合特征能够反映沉积微相变化.研究发现, 在潮上带以微生物席脱水形成的砂裂构造为主, 潮间带上部以破坏-改造型构造为主, 潮间带下部-潮下带一般少见原位MISS, 但可见再沉积微生物席碎片.据潮间带下部至潮上带上部MISS产出类型及其形态组合分析, 识别了4个MISS形态组合带, MISS形态组合由潮间带下部至潮上带上部的变化反映了古地形由低到高的明显变化.Abstract: Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) are derived from the interaction of microbes and sedimentation by various geological processes, and have been studied more often as biosignature for early life, while their significance in paleoenvironmental analysis has not been adequately studied yet. Our study shows that the Ruyang (Pt2) and Luoyu Groups (Pt3) in the southern North China Platform are dominated by peritidal silisiclastics with abundant MISS, especially those related with mat destruction, and indicates that the morphologic variation and association of MISS are largely influenced by topography. The topography, to some extent, determines the hydrodynamics, substrate exposure duration and water supplement, and exerts influence on mat growth and their destruction, and in turn influence the morphology of MISS, especially in peritidal environments. From the subtidal to supratidal, four zones have been recognized, each of them with its own distinctiveness in MISS morphological association. The subtidal to lower intertidal zone is short of in situ MISS but has some redeposited mat chips, while the upper intertidal is featured by mat protected ripple marks and chips. The lower supertidal is rich in various MISS, especially sand cracks, for its low hydrodynamics, sufficient water supplement and frequently exposed environment, with thick mats, while the upper supertidal abounds smaller sand cracks than those in lower supertidal zone due to relatively thin microbial mats. Thus, Meso- to Neo-proterozoic MISS from the southern North China Platform show that the morphologic association of MISS can be used as good indicators for paleoenvironmental reconstruction.
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图 1 豫西鲁山中-新元古界地层序列及研究区地质简图
a.研究区地质略图(据赵建敏，1995.中华人民共和国1∶5万区域地质调查报告鲁山幅简化)；b.鲁山中元古代沉积序列；c.鲁山新元古代沉积序列；d.碎屑岩型滨-浅海环境划分与沉积相模式
Fig. 1. Stratigraphic succession of the Meso- to Neo-proterozic in Lushan, western of Henan and sketch geologic map of study are
图 2 豫西鲁山中新元古界潮下带-潮上带下部MISS形态特征
a.云梦山组潮下带-潮间带下部中粗粒石英砂岩，发育板状交错层理，微生物席碎片顺层理面散布；b.云梦山组潮下带-潮间带下部交错层理面上的微生物席碎片；c.北大尖组潮间带上部砂岩层面上的多向波痕；d.照片C中多向波痕示意图，图中数字表示该波痕斑块的形成期次，其中1期波痕占总面积的20%，2期波痕占22%，3期波痕占37%，未被占据的面积约21%(形成越早的波痕保留的部分越少，每期斑块内的波痕方向一致)；e.云梦山组潮间带上部砂岩层面上的微生物席保护波痕，在波痕表面覆有微生物席层成因的砂薄片；f.云梦山组潮间带上部砂岩层面上残留的席片；g.云梦山组潮间带下部粗砂岩层面上残留的砂砾斑块；h.云梦山组潮上带下部细砂岩层面上被微生物席平滑的波痕；图中镜头盖直径5.5cm，硬币直径2cm，地质锤长度32cm
Fig. 2. Photographs showing morphology of the MISS from subtidal to lower supertidal in Meso- to Neo-proterozic, Lushan, western Henan
图 3 豫西鲁山中新元古界潮上带MISS形态特征
a.北大尖组纺锤状砂裂；b.云梦山组与波痕伴生的纺锤状砂裂；c.北大尖组纺锤状砂裂在断面上的形态；d.北大尖组相互叠加的鸟足状砂裂；e.北大尖组曲形砂裂；f.云梦山组与波痕伴生的网状砂裂；g.云梦山组与石盐假晶共生的网状砂裂，图中右上角照片为左下角方框部位的放大图，显示了两种不同晶型的石盐假晶；h.云梦山组砂脊粗大的网状砂裂；i.云梦山组具多级分支的叶脉状砂裂；j.白草坪组中的纺锤状砂裂(底面)；k.白草坪组中的树枝状砂砂裂(底面)；l.云梦山泥质细砂岩组砂岩层面上的网状生长脊；图中镜头盖直径5.5cm，硬币直径2cm，地质锤长度32cm
Fig. 3. Photographs showing morphology of the MISS from supertidal in Meso- to Neo-proterozic, Lushan, western Henan
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