Sedimentary Facies and Distribution of Delta Front-Fluxoturbidite in the Western Slope of South Songliao Basin
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摘要: 为厘清坳陷湖盆缓坡背景下形成的浊积体的沉积特征及分布规律, 选取松南西斜坡缓坡带晚白垩世青一二段发育的滑塌浊积体作为研究对象, 根据岩心和钻测井资料, 并结合地震解释, 对其沉积相及展布规律进行了研究.该区主要发育三角洲前缘-滑塌浊积岩体系, 作为油气储层的滑塌浊积岩可以识别出浊积水道、浊积舌状体、浊积席状砂3种微相类型; 在沉积相对比与平面展布特征分析的基础上建立了坳陷湖盆缓坡带浊积体沉积发育模式, 认为研究区发育的浊积岩主要为线物源、砂泥质浊积岩沉积模式; 与断陷盆地发育的三角洲前缘滑塌浊积岩相比, 由于大型坳陷盆地缓坡带断裂作用弱, 构造坡折带坡度小, 三角洲前缘沉积物再搬运作用相对较弱, 浊积岩规模相对较小、粒度较细.此外, 与断陷盆地不同, 坳陷湖盆内滑塌浊积岩主要发育于三级旋回(层序)基准面上升期, 在四级旋回内浊积岩的富集也与湖侵作用密切相关.Abstract: In order to understand the sedimentary characteristics and distribution of the turbidites developed at the gentle slope of depression basins, the upper Cretaceous Qing1 & 2 members at the western slope of South Songliao basin is chosen as the research object. Its sedimentary facies and distribution are studied by investigating the cores, logging data and seismic interpretation. This area mainly developed delta front-fluxoturbidite system, and the fluxoturbidites in the study area which are the oil and gas reservoir can be divided into the following three micro-facies: turbidite channel, turbidite lobe and turbidite sheet sand. Based on the sedimentary facies correlation and distribution analysis, the depositional model of the fluxoturbidites developed on the gentle slope of depression basins was built, which is the linear-source mud/sand turbidites model. Compared with rift basins, the scale of fluxoturbidites developed in depression basins is relatively smaller and the grain size of it is finer because the fault activity of gentle slope in depression basin is very weak and its slope with lower angle. Furthermore, different from the rift basin, fluxoturbidites in depression basin mainly developed in the base level rise phase of 3rd sequence and its accumulation is also closely related to the transgression in the 4th sequence.
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图 2 滑塌浊积岩典型的沉积构造
a.变形层理泥质粉砂岩(大61井1953.1m)；b.波状层理泥质粉砂岩(海56井1798.17m)；c.平行层理粉砂岩(大57井1786.7m)；d.负荷模(大60井1849.1m)；e.枕状构造(大57井1781.7m)；f.鲍马序列CE段(大57井1785.2m)
Fig. 2. Typical depositional structures of fluxoturbidites
图 3 大60井浊积水道岩心、测井特征
Fig. 3. Core and logging characteristics of turbidite channel in Da60
图 5 大61井浊积舌状体与浊积席状砂岩心、测井特征
Fig. 5. Core and logging characteristics of turbidite lobe and turbidite sheet sand in Da61
图 6 松南西斜坡前缘带红66-大55井青一二段沉积相对比
Fig. 6. Hong66-Da55 sedimentary facies correlation map of Qing1 & 2 members
图 7 斜坡下部青一二中旋回浊积体地震反射特征及平面分布范围
Fig. 7. Seismic reflection characteristic and distribution map of Qing1 & 2 middle cycle at the foot of the slope
图 9 青一二段各旋回沉积相平面图(由左至右：下旋回-中旋回-上旋回)
Fig. 9. Sedimentary facies map of each cycle in Qing1 & 2 members
图 10 线物源、砂泥质浊积岩沉积模式(据Reading and Richards, 1994)
Fig. 10. The linear-source mud/sand turbidite fan model
图 11 松南西斜坡青一二段沉积模式简图
Fig. 11. The depositional model of Qing1 & 2 members in the western slope of South Songliao basin
表 1 青一二段浊积岩岩相划分
Table 1. Classification of turbidite lithofacies in Qing 1 & 2 members
代码 岩相名称 成因解释 发育特征 Mm 块状(粉砂质)泥岩相 垂向加积作用 普遍 Fd 变形层理(泥质)粉砂岩相 液化变形作用 普遍 Fr 波状层理(泥质)粉砂岩相 单向水流为主，缓速沉积 普遍 Fm 块状层理粉砂岩相 快速堆积，浊流水道沉积 局部 Ml 水平层理粉砂质泥岩相 水动力条件很弱，舌状体远缘沉积或半深湖沉积 局部 Gm 块状泥砾岩相 浊积水道底部冲刷滞留沉积 局部 Fh 平行层理粉砂岩相 高流态，浊积水道的底部或舌状体的中部和下部 少 
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