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    西南印度洋脊原位辉长岩元素地球化学特征及意义

    靳野 方念乔 杨蜀颖

    靳野, 方念乔, 杨蜀颖, 2012. 西南印度洋脊原位辉长岩元素地球化学特征及意义. 地球科学, 37(1): 57-68. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.006
    引用本文: 靳野, 方念乔, 杨蜀颖, 2012. 西南印度洋脊原位辉长岩元素地球化学特征及意义. 地球科学, 37(1): 57-68. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.006
    JIN Ye, FANG Nian-qiao, YANG Shu-ying, 2012. In Situ Gabbro Geochemical Characteristics and Implications from the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge. Earth Science, 37(1): 57-68. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.006
    Citation: JIN Ye, FANG Nian-qiao, YANG Shu-ying, 2012. In Situ Gabbro Geochemical Characteristics and Implications from the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge. Earth Science, 37(1): 57-68. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.006

    西南印度洋脊原位辉长岩元素地球化学特征及意义

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.006
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金 40876029

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      靳野(1982-),男,博士研究生,海洋地质学专业.E-mail:YeahKing1982@163.com

      通讯作者:

      方念乔,E-mail:fangnq@yahoo.com.cn

    • 中图分类号: P736

    In Situ Gabbro Geochemical Characteristics and Implications from the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

    • 摘要: 通过对位于西南印度洋脊超慢速扩张脊东段的大洋钻探计划(ODP)ODP 735B钻孔上部岩心不同位置、不同岩性的样品进行全岩主、微量元素分析,并结合前人研究成果,对旋回内部及旋回之间的全岩地球化学特征差异进行了探讨,对其成因进行了约束.ODP 735B岩心全岩主量元素特征主要受控于分离结晶生成的矿物组合及比例.全岩主量元素之间的协变关系对反映玄武质熔体结晶演化过程中矿物生成及化学成分演化具有一定的指示意义.稀土元素的分析表明,除较明显的正Eu异常外,旋回1、2均表现出明显的LREE分馏,而HREE则未出现明显分馏.微量元素的分析表明,西南印度洋超低速洋脊的旋回1和旋回2中均表现出明显的Nb、Ta负异常和Sr、K正异常,但不能依靠其全岩微量元素Nb、Ta负异常特征对其源区地球化学特征成因和地质意义进行判断.

       

    • 图  1  西南印度洋脊平面展布形态及断裂带分布、ODP 735B孔位置(a) (据Dick et al., 1999) 及岩性剖面(b) (据Natland and Dick, 2001)

      粗黑线.ODP 735B孔上、中、下500 m的分界线;红色虚线.地球化学旋回间分界线;红色箭头.每个地球化学旋回内橄长岩和橄榄石辉长岩等基本未受后期富铁熔体影响的镁铁质岩石样品的Mg#随深度的变化趋势,其中Mg#=Mg/(Mg+Fe2+),假定Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+)=0.86(Natland and Dick, 2001);更多关于ODP 735B孔地球化学和岩相学讯息,参考Natland and Dick(2001)

      Fig.  1.  Distribution of fracrure zones and geometry of the Southwest Indian Ocean ridge, the section profile of ODP 735B hole (a) and the location (b)

      图  2  ODP 735B钻孔旋回1、2及岩性单元Ⅳ中典型岩石镜下岩相学特征

      a.旋回1中典型橄榄石辉长岩(29R-2W);b.旋回2中典型辉长岩(75R-4W);c.岩性单元Ⅳ中含钛铁氧化物的辉长岩(50R-2W)

      Fig.  2.  Microphotographs showing typical petrography of samples from cycle 1 and 2 and lithologic unit Ⅳ, ODP 735B hole

      图  3  ODP 735B孔旋回1、2岩石全岩全碱-SiO2(TAS)图解(a)和AFM图解(b)

      1.ODP 735B科研报告数据;2.7D-2W;3.18R-1W;4.29R-2W;5.50R-2W;6.ODP 735B科研报告数据;7.75R-4W;8.86R-3W;图中旋回1、2的ODP 735B科研报告元素数据均引自Snow, 2002, 下同

      Fig.  3.  TAS (a) and AFM (b) diagrams of samples from cycles 1 and 2, ODP 735B hole

      图  4  ODP 735B孔旋回1、2元素协变图解

      旋回1和旋回2的数据均选TiO2含量小于0.7%的样品,图例同图 3

      Fig.  4.  Harker diagrams of cycles 1 and 2, ODP 735B hole

      图  5  玄武质熔体结晶演化过程中残余熔体与生成矿物间关系(据Niu, 2005; Stone and Niu, 2009)

      Fig.  5.  Proportions of residual melt and minerals crystallized during MORB melt evolution

      图  6  ODP 735B钻孔不同旋回样品稀土元素标准化模式(a)和微量元素标准化模式(b)

      1.7D-2W;2.18R-1W;3.29R-2W;4.50R-2W;5.75R-4W;6.86R-3W;球粒陨石标准化值据Boynton(1984);原始地幔标准化值据McDonough et al.(1992)

      Fig.  6.  Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and spidergrams (b) of samples from different cycles, ODP 735B hole

      表  1  ODP 735B岩心样品岩相学描述

      Table  1.   Petrographic description of the samples from ODP 735B

      样品号 7D-2W 18R-1W 29R-2W
      取样深度(mbsf) 29 70 134
      样品岩性 辉长岩 弱叶理化变辉长岩 橄榄石辉长岩
      斜长石 约50%~60%.大部分斜长石疑因受外力作用而破碎.粒径约1~2 mm,他形;未发生破碎者表现出一定的晶体扭曲现象,矿物颗粒约10~20 mm,半自形至他形.具卡钠复合双晶及聚片双晶 约70%,无明显定向排列,几乎全部他形.疑因受外力作用影响,部分斜长石破碎.粒径约1~2 mm;未发生破碎者粒径约10~15 mm 约70%~75%,无明显定向排列,半自形至他形.粒径从约1 mm至约3~4 mm,具明显卡钠复合双晶和聚片双晶
      橄榄石 约10%~15%,基本伊丁石化 未见橄榄石 约5%~10%,粒径从0.5~2.0 mm,半自形至他形,裂纹发育,无蛇纹石化及伊丁石化蚀变
      辉石 约30%,单斜辉石基本均受角闪石化蚀变作用影响 约15%,单斜辉石他形,无定向,基本均受角闪石化蚀变作用影响,可见角闪石蚀变反应边 约占15%~20%.单斜辉石半自形至他形无定向,粒径约3~4 mm.可见较明显解理,有些可见裂纹.均受一定程度角闪石化蚀变作用影响,可见角闪石蚀变反应边
      角闪石 约10%~20%,主要呈针状或簇状,部分包围暗色矿物分布 约15%,有些呈单斜辉石蚀变反应边,或呈针状、簇状,甚至还有些片状角闪石矿物分布于单斜辉石周围.有些则完全以角闪石簇集合体的形式大面积分布 约5%~10%,其基本均围绕暗色矿物分布,形成角闪石化蚀变反应边.还有部分呈细针状沿矿物裂隙或矿物间隙脉状充填
      副矿物 基本无其他副矿物 基本无其他副矿物 基本无其他副矿物
      其他描述及推断 所有矿物因受到外力作用影响而破碎或变形 部分矿物因受到外力作用影响而破碎或变形 总体来讲,蚀变程度要相对弱于旋回1的其他2样品
      样品号 50R-2W 75R-4W 86R-3W
      取样深度(mbsf) 239 389 484.5
      样品岩性 氧化物辉长岩 辉长岩 橄榄石辉长岩
      斜长石 约50%,无定向排列,粒径约3~20 mm,主要为他形,部分斜长石可能因受外力作用而破碎.具明显卡钠复合双晶 约60%~70%,无明显定向排列.粒径约2~15 mm,大部分≥10 mm.主要为半自形,个别近自形.具明显聚片双晶,个别具卡钠复合双晶 约40%~50%,无明显定向排列.粒径约2~10 mm,主要为他形,个别呈半自形.具明显卡钠复合双晶,基本未见明显聚片双晶.斜长石上有较明显裂纹,裂纹附近斜长石晶体明显破碎,表明晶体形成之后受到一定的外力作用影响
      橄榄石 未见橄榄石 未见橄榄石 约5%.粒径约2 mm,他形,表面见不规则裂缝,且裂缝边缘均较磨圆
      辉石 约30~40%.单斜辉石基本他形,粒径约2~30 mm.可见明显解理,还有些不规则裂纹,一小部分矿物破碎并与斜长石破碎晶体混杂于一起.具角闪石化蚀变反应边 约30%~40%,单斜辉石主要为半自形,个别他形,粒径约2~20 mm.主要表现为充填在斜长石晶体颗粒之间.受蚀变作用影响微弱,主要蚀变类型为角闪石化,表现为单斜辉石的蚀变反应边 约占25%~30%.单斜辉石晶体大小范围从2~10 mm,半自形至他形.可见角闪石化蚀变反应边
      角闪石 约5%,主要为暗色矿物蚀变反应边 约1%,主要为暗色矿物蚀变反应边 约15%~25%.部分角闪石颗粒晶形较明显,呈纤维状至柱状,基本包围所有暗色矿物分布.部分为单斜辉石的蚀变反应变.部分则呈角闪石脉状,宽约1 mm,贯穿多个矿物
      副矿物 钛铁氧化物(主要为磁铁矿或钛铁矿),约10%,无定向排列,部分弥散分布于岩石中,但大部分充填于矿物颗粒间隙中 基本无其他副矿物 基本无其他副矿物
      其他描述及推断 钛铁氧化物的分布特点可能暗示其形成于后期富Fe、Ti流体的充填 单斜辉石与斜长石间的共生关系,表现出典型的堆晶岩结构特征,说明部分单斜辉石结晶应晚于斜长石结晶 角闪石脉体的存在表明后期海水沿岩心中构造裂隙渗入并与暗色矿物发生蚀变反应
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  ODP 735B岩心样品主量元素(%)、微量元素(μg/g)和稀土元素(μg/g)化学成分

      Table  2.   Chemical compositions of the major (%), trace (μg/g), and rare earth (μg/g) elements of the samples from ODP 735B

      样品 7D-2W 18R-1W 29R-2W 50R-2W 75R-4W 86R-3W
      所属旋回/岩性单元 旋回1 旋回1 旋回1 岩性单元Ⅳ 旋回2 旋回2
      SiO2 51.45 52.72 49.25 38.78 52.16 51.41
      TiO2 0.27 0.34 0.14 7.80 0.37 0.41
      Al2O3 17.66 13.83 19.84 9.26 17.63 12.97
      Fe2O3T 4.64 7.43 5.72 24.57 4.55 6.68
      FeO 3.00 5.00 1.05 15.80 3.60 4.40
      MnO 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.28 0.09 0.11
      MgO 7.21 8.95 8.72 8.08 5.81 10.45
      CaO 13.96 11.00 11.39 8.13 15.06 13.21
      Na2O 3.36 3.67 3.35 2.41 3.59 2.95
      K2O 0.120 0.091 0.170 0.059 0.068 0.058
      P2O5 0.027 0.034 0.015 0.018 0.033 0.048
      LOI 1.09 1.71 1.25 0.05 0.45 1.71
      Total 99.887 99.855 99.925 99.437 99.811 100.006
      Mg# 0.757 0.707 0.753 0.397 0.719 0.758
      Na2O+K2O 3.480 3.761 3.520 2.469 3.658 3.008
      La 1.020 2.450 0.807 0.573 0.661 1.590
      Ce 2.88 6.99 1.99 2.22 2.16 4.41
      Pr 0.465 1.120 0.271 0.477 0.414 0.659
      Nd 2.47 5.93 1.17 3.44 2.72 3.70
      Sm 0.881 1.910 0.297 1.680 1.140 1.210
      Eu 0.645 0.869 0.443 0.951 0.719 0.563
      Gd 1.110 2.210 0.332 2.310 1.520 1.560
      Tb 0.235 0.517 0.066 0.575 0.353 0.358
      Dy 1.530 3.050 0.426 3.550 2.220 2.170
      Ho 0.319 0.662 0.081 0.762 0.449 0.444
      Er 0.920 2.05 0.267 2.280 1.410 1.380
      Tm 0.135 0.325 0.041 0.337 0.210 0.221
      Yb 0.889 2.070 0.279 2.320 1.320 1.450
      Lu 0.135 0.299 0.045 0.359 0.187 0.231
      Be 1.980 1.540 1.690 0.879 1.220 1.630
      Sc 36.6 28.1 8.81 64.4 50.2 43.0
      V 154.0 171.0 51.8 1 026.0 194.0 183.0
      Cr 312.0 401.0 113.0 34.0 508.0 418.0
      Co 31.6 44.1 43.5 96.6 29.0 42.5
      Cu 24.60 25.50 6.63 131.00 60.60 13.80
      Zn 41.3 26.7 28.4 186.0 70.8 24.6
      Ga 15.0 15.6 14.1 20.3 15.2 13.3
      Rb 0.813 0.326 1.230 0.224 0.243 0.274
      Sr 188 184 192 109 174 176
      Y 8.70 18.40 2.43 20.50 12.80 12.90
      Zr 18.80 47.00 5.95 92.60 29.90 47.60
      Nb 0.249 0.666 0.194 1.880 0.155 0.491
      Cs 0.022 0.008 0.013 0.010 0.004 0.006
      Ba 7.37 8.75 5.51 4.56 3.68 3.80
      Hf 0.565 1.490 0.187 2.680 0.974 1.200
      Ta 0.020 0.066 0.016 0.179 0.012 0.047
      Ti 0.006 0.001 0.006 未检出 0.001 0.001
      Pb 6.98 9.06 2.60 4.00 3.19 1.71
      Bi 0.136 0.157 0.069 0.024 0.061 0.048
      Th 0.111 0.121 0.15 0.032 0.032 0.105
      U 0.090 0.197 0.027 0.012 0.023 0.033
      LREE/HREE 1.59 1.72 3.24 0.75 1.02 1.55
      (La/Yb)N 0.77 0.80 1.95 0.17 0.34 0.74
      (La/Sm)N 0.73 0.81 1.71 0.21 0.36 0.83
      (Gd/Yb)N 1.01 0.86 0.96 0.80 0.93 0.87
      δEu 1.99 1.29 4.30 1.48 1.67 1.25
      注:球粒陨石标准化值据Boynton, 1984.
      下载: 导出CSV
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