太原盆地区碳酸盐岩中—低温地热系统演化

马腾; 王焰新; 马瑞; 闫春淼; 单慧媚; 陈柳竹

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2012.023

太原盆地区碳酸盐岩中—低温地热系统演化

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.023

马腾^{1, 2},
王焰新^{1, 2, ,},
马瑞^{1, 2},
闫春淼^{2, 3},
单慧媚^{1, 2},
陈柳竹^{1, 2}

1.
中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学环境学院, 湖北武汉 430074
3.
湖北省环境科学研究院, 湖北武汉 430072

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 40872157

国家自然科学基金项目 40830748

教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目 NCET-07-0773

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助 CUGL100501

国家重点基础研究发展规划"973"项目 2010CB428802

高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金 20110145110003

详细信息

作者简介:
马腾(1972-), 男, 教授, 主要从事水岩相互作用研究

通讯作者:
王焰新, E-mail: yx.wang@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: X143;P314.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2011-09-12
- 刊出日期: 2012-03-15

Evolution of Middle-Low Temperature Carbonate Geothermal System in Taiyuan, Northern China

MA Teng^{1, 2},
WANG Yan-xin^{1, 2
, ,},
MA Rui^{1, 2},
YAN Chun-miao^{2, 3},
SHAN Hui-mei^{1, 2},
CHEN Liu-zhu^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Hubei Academy of Environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China

摘要

摘要: 针对太原盆地区碳酸盐岩中—低温地热系统与边山岩溶水系统的相互作用关系这一难点问题, 以地质构造分析为背景, 以岩溶水的水化学、同位素组成特征为线索, 重塑了太原盆地区碳酸盐岩中—低温地热系统地质演化过程.获得了如下3方面的认识: (1)该系统经历了自燕山运动以来的5个阶段的地质演化过程.在晚第三纪至早更新世阶段的稳定沉降期, 该系统与边山岩溶水系统开始分离, 并各自演化.(2)该系统的岩溶作用来自于2个方面: ①中更新世晚期-晚更新世早期的大气降雨沿汾河等断裂带下渗, 经与石炭—二叠煤系地层中的金属硫化物作用, 形成富含硫酸的地下水, 补给碳酸盐岩热储层, 并与其中存留的更古老的岩溶水混合, 促进了碳酸盐岩溶解; ②受中更新世晚期-晚更新世早期盆地基底岩浆的烘烤, 碳酸盐岩发生热解.(3)该系统中的岩溶热水形成于中更新世晚期-晚更新世早期, 由于上覆盖层良好的保温作用而封存至今.其分布范围受地质构造的控制, 东西向分别以东山、西山断裂为界, 南以田庄断裂为界, 北以亲贤地垒北边界为界.
- 太原盆地 /
- 碳酸盐岩 /
- 中—低温地热系统 /
- 水化学 /
- 同位素 /
- 水文地质 /
Abstract: To study the complicated issue of interactions between carbonate geothermal system with mid-low temperature existing in Taiyuan basin and its surrounding karst system existing in mountains, the geological evolution processes of the carbonate geothermal system were remodeled based on the analysis of geological structure and characterization of hydrochemistry and isotopic compositions of the karst water. We come to the following conclusions: (1) The carbonate geothermal system with mid-low temperature has experienced five stages of geological evolution since Yanshan Movement. and it separated from its surrounding karst system in mountains during the stable sedimentation period of Neogene to the Early Pleistocene, and then they evolved respectively; (2) The karstification of the carbonate geothermal system with mid-low temperature were due to the following two factors: ① rainfall of the late Middle Pleistocene and the early Late Pleistocene infiltrated along the fault zone (e.g. Fenhe fault), reacted with the metal sulfide in C-P coal measure strata and formed the groundwater rich in sulfuric acid. The groundwater was recharged to the carbonated geothermal reservoir and mixed with the older karst water stored in it, which facilitated the dissolution of carbonate rock; ② the pyrolyzation of carbonated rock occurred by the baking of magma from the basin basement in the late Middle Pleistocene and the early Late Pleistocene; (3) The karst water in the geothermal system formed in the late Middle Pleistocene and the early Late Pleistocene, and sealed up to now because of the good insulation of its overlying strata. Mainly controlled by the geological structure, its east-west boundaries were Dongshan fault and Xishan fault respectively and its south-north boundaries were Tianzhuang fault and north boundary of Qinxian horst respectively.
- Taiyuan basin /
- carbonate /
- geothermal gystem with mid-low temperature /
- evolution /
- hydrogeochemistry /
- isotopes /
- hydrogeology

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图 1 太原盆地区域地质构造示意(据韩颖等修改，2009)

1.前寒武系；2.寒武-奥陶系；3.石炭-二叠系；4.三叠-侏罗系；5.上第三系-第四系；6.燕山期构造；7.喜马拉雅期构造；8.背向斜；9.正逆断层；10.实侧及推测构造；11.热水点

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the regional geological structure of Taiyuan basin

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图 2 太原盆地中北部基底构造平面图及剖面图(SN)

Fig. 2. Plan and section of geological structure in north-central part of Taiyuan basin

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图 3 太原地区岩溶热水井(1-13号)及边山岩溶水样点(01-04号)分布

Fig. 3. Location of geothermal karst wells in basin region (No. 1 to 13) and karst water samples in mountain region (No. 01 to 04) at Taiyuan.

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图 4 太原岩溶水样δD-δ¹⁸O关系

Fig. 4. Relationship of δD and δ¹⁸O of karst water samples collected from Taiyuan karst

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表 1 岩溶水水样信息及其宏量组分分析结果(单位mg/L)

Table 1. Sampling information and analysis results of major components of karst water samples

样品编号	采样位置	井深(m)	水位(m)	层位	水温(℃)	pH	EC(μs/cm)	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	HCO₃^-	游离CO₂	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	NO₃^-	F^-	水化学类型
RS01	神堂沟	603	783.0	O₂	39.0	6.81	2 400	412.11	105.54	25.34	10.20	237.33	41.81	12.38	1366.10	nd	1.26	S-CM
RS02	西华苑	2 012	-	∈	31.5	6.88	1 083	112.78	47.20	28.08	2.14	311.85	28.61	75.57	172.30	nd	-	HS-CM
RS03	沙沟	1 339	787.9	O₂	54.0	6.71	2 630	444.90	119.30	38.26	18.48	195.26	-	14.20	1 542.30	1.78	2.16	S-CM
RS04	农展馆	1 690	792.2	O₂	50.0	6.94	2 200	356.70	107.70	19.22	8.44	237.98	-	8.55	1 462.30	nd	2.20	S-CM
RS05	汇锦花园	1 805	-	O₂	40.0	7.91	2 260	387.08	97.97	15.16	7.27	262.25	72.62	8.46	1 172.70	nd	2.40	S-CM
RS06	丽华苑	1 803	794.2	O₂	50.0	7.03	3 000	347.58	88.96	15.20	7.37	227.61	52.81	8.51	1 773.00	nd	2.39	S-CM
RS07	统计学校	1 168	795.0	O₂	39.0	7.09	1 130	151.67	53.81	26.78	1.26	284.13	34.33	13.73	382.95	1.71	1.75	SH-CM
RS09	剪子湾	1 351	-	O₂	33.4	7.05	1630	227.31	75.07	44.22	4.02	243.41	29.49	35.00	739.25	nd	1.82	S-CM
RS11	伞儿树	1 250	780.0	O₂	33.0	7.27	1 150	157.42	55.53	19.48	1.97	270.45	21.56	12.63	364.00	nd	1.85	SH-CM
LS01	梭峪乡	468	-	O₂	16.9	6.69	451	63.08	25.32	13.09	0.87	225.40	4.95	7.97	101.72	6.45	-	HS-CM
LS02	晋祠泉井	300	-	O₂	17.9	7.48	1 077	137.63	43.03	38.43	0.08	256.78	14.96	15.42	341.48	5.15	0.03	SH-CM
LS03	孟家井	570	-	O₂	16.0	7.74	482	54.78	24.10	10.97	0.28	276.53	24.21	5.34	23.52	13.02	0.36	H-CM
LS04	三给村	600	-	O₂	14.0	7.60	551	82.95	24.00	16.92	0.56	237.90	-	26.55	81.28	12.47	0.35	HS-CM

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表 2 岩溶水水样微量组分分析结果(单位mg/L)

Table 2. Analysis results of minor components of karst water samples

样品编号	Sr	Si	Fe	As	Ag	Al	B	Ba	Co	Cr	Cs	Cu	Hg	Li	Mn	Mo	Ni	Pb	Sb	V	Zn
RS01	8.27	9.46	4.27	0.22	0.23	11.3	136.0	19.1	0.69	1.31	0.78	1.06	0.028	74.3	83.3	2.60	2.17	0.13	3.17	0.097	13.60
RS02	11.33	7.08	5.20	1.3	0.16	432.0	51.5	121.0	0.89	4.72	0.13	1.51	0.064	19.5	79.5	27.30	1.24	0.40	2.74	0.600	5.75
RS03	9.26	9.99	0.14	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
RS04	4.87	8.34	0.20	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
RS05	4.41	8.23	21.14	0.21	0.34	34.8	99.8	29.0	0.37	1.03	0.42	1.03	0.086	43.8	175.0	0.92	1.45	0.28	1.97	0.090	14.30
RS06	5.82	10.52	5.82	0.32	0.29	46.7	108.0	32.2	0.72	1.41	0.51	1.73	0.053	49.7	92.6	1.97	2.53	0.56	5.24	0.150	17.90
RS07	3.25	5.44	0.50	0.13	0.20	21.1	70.8	28.4	1.01	1.10	0.12	0.88	0.041	31.2	12.7	3.77	0.90	0.20	8.54	0.089	11.00
RS09	6.26	6.69	2.81	0.28	0.18	92.1	100.0	35.8	1.42	1.24	0.26	2.11	0.047	56.8	19.4	0.45	1.21	0.14	10.90	0.160	10.40
RS11	2.85	5.97	1.58	0.27	0.23	84.5	67.9	23.4	0.26	1.16	0.22	1.25	0.055	33.5	11.2	1.43	1.05	0.30	2.07	0.230	13.20
LS01	0.78	4.08	0.09	0.11	0.08	3.5	28.3	24.2	0.31	0.52	0.03	0.45	0.026	10.4	2.3	1.79	0.31	0.07	2.13	0.140	58.80
LS02	2.04	4.11	0.20	2.91	0.20	12.2	87.4	23.2	0.46	1.16	0.04	1.00	0.046	18.9	21.4	3.40	0.85	0.14	2.74	0.200	15.10
LS03	0.61	4.29	0.15	0.71	0.61	111.0	42.4	110.0	0.25	6.28	0.02	3.01	0.072	6.25	0.9	1.37	0.88	0.99	2.56	0.730	27.00
LS04	0.81	4.51	nd	0.44	0.00	-	-	59.1	0.43	21.82	-	-	0.062	-	0.4	1.62	2.01	0.32	-	1.062	-

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表 3 岩溶水水样同位素分析结果

Table 3. Analysis results of isotopes of karst water samples

样品编号	δD(SMOW, ‰)	δ¹⁸O(SMOW, ‰)	T(TU)	¹⁴C(pmc)	δ¹³C(PDB, ‰)	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	硫酸盐		R	R/R_a	⁴He/²⁰Ne
样品编号	δD(SMOW, ‰)	δ¹⁸O(SMOW, ‰)	T(TU)	¹⁴C(pmc)	δ¹³C(PDB, ‰)	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	δ³⁴S(CDT, ‰)	δ¹⁸O(SMOW, ‰)	R	R/R_a	⁴He/²⁰Ne
RS01	-78.3	-10.83	＜2	-	-	0.709 62±0.000 02	δ³⁴S(CDT, ‰)	δ¹⁸O(SMOW, ‰)	26.99	7.72	(1.48±0.10)×10^-7	0.11	6.60
RS02	-72.8	-10.42	17.26	25.94±0.03	-33.63	0.709 23±0.000 04	26.86	9.25	-	-	-
RS03	-102.6	-11.78	＜2	46.29±	-	0.709 17±0.000 02	-	-	(2.17±0.09)×10^-7	0.15	5.60
RS04	-93.3	-10.60	-	-	-	-	-	-	(7.53±0.47)×10^-7	0.54	0.67
RS05	-71.2	-10.30	＜2	6.59±0.12	-34.17	0.709 23±0.000 03	27.72	6.24	-	-	-
RS06	-73.2	-10.35	12.78	-	-	0.709 20±0.000 01	28.19	8.02	(4.30±0.42)×10^-7	0.31	1.00
RS07	-71.5	-10.22	15.91	23.99±0.03	-32.98	0.709 41±0.000 02	24.72	8.12	(2.84±0.15)×10^-7	0.20	2.20
RS09	-83.4	-11.22	3.92	17.47±0.03	-34.78	0.709 32±0.000 03	25.68	7.25	(2.05±0.08)×10^-7	0.15	3.00
RS11	-75.4	-10.43	10.66	-	-	0.709 59±0.000 02	24.60	7.63	(3.15±0.17)×10^-7	0.23	1.70
LS01	-73.4	-10.00	18.83	16.04±0.06	-31.80	0.710 65±0.000 03	-	-	(2.96±0.15)×10^-7	0.21	2.10
LS02	-72.8	-7.23	5.69	-	-	0.710 16±0.000 06	-	-	-	-	-
LS03	-69.8	-9.93	12.35	41.44±0.02	-29.18	0.710 07±0.000 03	19.73	8.85	(1.36±0.61)×10^-6	0.97	0.99
注：表 1~3的数据马瑞(2007)、Ma et al.(2011)和Ma et al.(2009)；R=³He/⁴He.

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