再生水地表回灌补给地下水的水质安全保障体系

靳孟贵; 罗泽娇; 梁杏; 鲍建国; 李民敬; 李平

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2012.024

再生水地表回灌补给地下水的水质安全保障体系

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.024

中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家高技术研究发展计划 2007AA06Z337

高等学校博士学科点专项基金 20100145110010

详细信息

作者简介:
靳孟贵(1957-), 男, 教授, 主要从事地下水与环境的教学与科研工作.E-mail: mgjin@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: X143
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-09-12
- 刊出日期: 2012-03-15

Security System of Water Quality for Groundwater Recharge with Infiltration Basin and Reclaimed Water

State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 把城市污水净化处理为符合回灌标准的再生水并安全回灌补给地下水, 对于实现污水资源化、含水层恢复、缓解我国水资源供需矛盾和环境污染态势具有重要意义.针对再生水回灌地下水存在的水质安全问题, 通过理论分析、系列实验和技术集成形成了再生水地表回灌补给地下水的水质安全保障体系及关键技术.该安全保障体系包括场地选择与勘查、高效低成本的再生水处理技术、土壤—含水层系统数学模型和回灌方案设计技术、水质监控系统、安全评价技术以及回灌管理法规等.这些要素相互依赖、相互作用, 构成一个完整的体系.郑州郊区示范工程证实了该水质安全保障体系的可行性.2年示范工程表明, 处理的再生水水质达到《城市污水再生利用地下水回灌水质》(GB/T 19772-2005)标准, 优于场地背景地下水水质, 补给含水层后的地下水基本达到《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14818-1993)Ⅲ类水标准.建议有关政府部门把再生水利用及回灌补给地下水, 纳入水资源开发利用及环境保护规划的整体框架中, 尽快制定或完善再生水回灌补给地下水的相关法律、法规和标准体系, 建立再生水回灌许可证制度, 有序推进再生水回灌工程.
- 再生水 /
- 地下水 /
- 人工补给 /
- 地表回灌 /
- 水质安全 /
- 水文地质 /
- 环境工程
Abstract: It is significant to ensure safe aquifer recharge using reclaimed water that meets the safety requirement for the sake of recovering aquifer depletion, relieving the conflict between water demand and supply, and controlling the serious environmental pollution in China. To improve the water quality of artificial recharge of groundwater using reclaimed water, we develop a security system of water quality for groundwater recharge with infiltration basin and reclaimed water and key technologies based on a series of experiments and theoretic analysis including the recharge site selection and investigation, higher-efficiency and low-cost wastewater treatment technologies, mathematical models of soil-aquifer system and the design of recharge and pumping schemes, monitoring and controlling system of water quality, safety assessment, regulations and standards, and so on. These key factors are interactive and interdependent. The pilot project in Zhengzhou demonstrates the feasibility of the security system of water quality for groundwater recharge with infiltration basin and reclaimed water, with a two-year operation showing that the water quality of the reclaimed water by the waste water treatment system satisfies the surface recharge requirement in the standard of (GB/T 19772-2005) and is better than that of the original groundwater at the site, and groundwater quality after recharge basically reaches grade III of groundwater quality (GB/T 14818-1993). It is suggested to integrate the use of reclaimed water and artificial recharge of groundwater with the utilization of water resources and environmental protection planning, to make and issue relative laws, regulations and standards, and to establish permission regulation on artificial aquifer recharge as soon as possible so as to promote artificial aquifer recharge using reclaimed water.
- reclaimed water /
- groundwater /
- artificial recharge /
- surface recharge /
- water quality safety /
- hydrogeology /
- environmental engineering

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图 1 再生水地表回灌补给地下水的水质安全保障体系构成

Fig. 1. Security system of water quality for groundwater recharge with infiltration basin and reclaimed water

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图 2 观测孔中NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N浓度变化趋势(据李平，2011)(J1-1和J1-5为监测井编号)

Fig. 2. Predicted changes of NH₄⁺-N and NO₂^--N in observation wells

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表 1 2009年11月3日郑州示范场地水处理系统进出水水质情况

Table 1. Water quality of inflow and outflow of waste water treatment system in Zhengzhou site, November 3th, 2009

取样位置	水温(℃)	pH值	TN(mg/L)	NH₄⁺-N(mg/L)	NO₃^--N(mg/L)	COD_Cr(O₂, mg/L)	TP(mg/L)	TOC(mg/L)
水处理进水	16	7.49	9.83	1.49	6.78	8.24	0.74	5.93
回灌水	16	7.68	8.96	0.84	6.88	6.61	0.42	7.86
地表回灌标准		6.5~8.5	16.02	1.0	15	40	1.0

取样位置	阴离子表面活性剂(μg/L)		氰化物(mg/L)	硫化物(mg/L)	Cr⁶⁺(mg/L)	AOX(μg/L)	苯胺(mg/L)	粪大肠菌群(个/L)
水处理进水	40		＜0.004	＜0.02	＜0.004	67	0.11	9 200~16 000
回灌水	＜25		＜0.004	＜0.02	＜0.004	未检出	0.06	80~130
地表回灌标准	300		0.05	0.2	0.05		0.1	1 000
注：总氮(TN)是硝态盐、亚硝态盐和氨氮均以N计的总和(下同).COD_Cr低于国标HJ/T 399-2007测定下限15 mg/L，数据仅作定性参考.

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表 2 郑州示范场地水处理系统进出水水质部分监测结果

Table 2. Selected observations on water quality of inflow and outflow of the waste water treatment system at Zhengzhou site

日期	采样环节	pH	浊度(NTU)	I_Mn(O₂，mg/L)	TN(mg/L)	NH₄⁺-N(mg/L)	NO₃^--N(mg/L)	NO₂^--N(mg/L)	TP(mg/L)
2009-10-26	1	7.61	1.4	7.68	11.06	3.18	-	0.421	0.28
	5	7.73	0.7	2.94	9.77	0.69	-	0.020	0.02
2009-10-29	1	7.50	0.4	6.50	9.14	3.56	-	0.421	0.28
	5	7.57	0.4	4.10	8.64	0.58	-	0.006	0.04
2009-11-10	1	7.36	1.1	7.33	11.85	1.73	-	0.231	0.81
	5	7.51	0.2	4.35	10.54	0.79	-	0.014	0.16
2010-6-10	1	7.85	2.8	9.62	4.62	3.32	1.03	0.107	0.79
	5	7.71	2.8	3.41	3.85	0.57	2.43	0.003	0.04
2010-7-13	1	8.08	3.6	-	2.02	0.78	0.80	0.036	-
	5	7.87	1.8	-	1.81	0.65	0.99	0.017	-
2010-8-18	1	7.79	2.1	-	1.70	0.31	0.46	0.217	-
	5	7.98	1.4	-	1.86	0.27	0.70	0.020	-
2010-9-8	1	7.84	0.6	-	5.59	1.56	1.63	0.194	-
	5	7.77	1.0	-	5.11	0.64	1.42	0.016	-
2010-11-2	1	8.16	0.1	6.11	9.32	0.61	4.15	0.099	0.21
	5	8.12	2.4	2.75	8.12	0.69	4.15	0.006	0.02
2010-11-6	1	8.19	0.2	6.41	9.12	0.74	5.26	0.094	0.12
	5	8.11	0.1	2.73	7.51	0.57	4.78	0.009	0.03
地表回灌标准		6.5~8.5	10		NA	1.0	15	0.02	1.0
注：1表示处理前(湿地出水)；5表示处理后(回灌水)；“-”表示缺测.

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