埋藏环境中硫酸盐岩生物岩溶作用的硫同位素证据

张凤娥; 卢耀如; 殷密英; 张胜; 王哲; 宋淑红

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2012.042

埋藏环境中硫酸盐岩生物岩溶作用的硫同位素证据

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.042

中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 河北石家庄 050061

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41072193

详细信息

作者简介:
张凤娥(1964-), 女, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事水文地球化学研究.E-mail: feng_ezhang@163.com

中图分类号: P641.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-09-12
- 刊出日期: 2012-03-15

Sulfur Isotopic Evidence for Biological Karst of Sulfate Rocks in Burial Environment

Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China

摘要

摘要: 为了揭示油气盆地埋藏环境中碳酸盐岩和硫酸盐岩共生时的岩溶发育机制, 以硫酸盐岩为研究对象, 采用室内模拟实验与野外实测资料相结合的方法, 分析了温度、SO₄^2-浓度和时间等因素对水-岩-细菌封闭系统内稳定硫同位素的影响, 并指出硫同位素对地球化学作用的指示意义.结果表明, 细菌硫酸盐还原形成的H₂S中硫同位素分馏明显, 并受系统的温度和开放性等因素影响.结合鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系风化壳中充填的黄铁矿硫同位素特征, 提出了鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系岩溶的生物成因模式; 揭示了风化壳顶部的黄铁矿化与风化壳下部压释水岩溶共生的机制, 建立了生物岩溶发育的硫同位素地球化学标志.研究成果拓宽了岩溶的压释水成因机制.
- 鄂尔多斯盆地 /
- 细菌硫酸盐还原(BSR) /
- 硫同位素 /
- 黄铁矿 /
- 生物岩溶 /
- 水文地质
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore the biological karst developing mechanism at the coexistence condition of the sulfate and carbonate rock. The study focuses on the geochemical processes in water-rock-bacteria system by tracing the stable sulfur isotope (³⁴S) fractionation through laboratory experiment combined with the isotope data of the pyrite filling in Ordovician weathering crust in the Ordos basin. The results suggest that the H₂S produced by bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) is characterized by a significant isotope fractionation of ³⁴S, which was controlled by temperature and the SO₄^2- concentration from the dissolution of sulfate rocks in the system. Bacterial sulfate reduction in the experimental system provides an evidence for biological karst on sulfate rocks, and gives a good interpretation for the feature of karst development below the Ordovician weathering crust, Ordos basin. In addition, the presence of pyrite and compacted released water karst confirms that bacterial sulfate reduction took place within the weathering crust during the burial stage. The results provide a new perspective for the analysis of the formation of oil-gas reservoir and the exploration of petroleum gas geology resources.
- Ordos basin /
- bacterial sulfate reduction /
- sulfur isotopes /
- pyrite /
- biological karst /
- hydrogeology

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图 1 不同反应温度和时间条件下各种硫化物中的硫同位素特征(数据来源于表 1)

Fig. 1. Characteristic of sulfur isotope in the experimental conditions of 35℃ and 50℃ with time

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图 2 硫化物硫同位素之间及其与SO₄^2-和H₂S浓度的关系

Fig. 2. Relationships between the ³⁴S values of various sulfur complex and the concentrations of sulfate and sulfide

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表 1 水-岩-细菌反应系统内硫酸盐和硫化物的硫同位素(‰)

Table 1. Values of ³⁴S in sulfate and sulfide dissolved in the water-rock-bacteria system

反应时间(d)	35℃					50℃
反应时间(d)	δ³⁴S_SO₄^2-	△1	δ³⁴S_H₂S	△2	δ³⁴S_SO₄^2--δ³⁴S_H₂S	δ³⁴S_SO₄^2-	△1	δ³⁴S_H₂S	△2	δ³⁴S_SO₄^2--δ³⁴S_H₂S
6	27.79	2.19	15.18	10.42	12.61	27.47	1.87	12.49	13.11	14.98
10	28.69	3.09	18.72	6.88	9.97	28.16	2.56	13.93	11.67	14.23
13	27.02	1.42				26.55	0.95	14.63	10.97	11.92
17	26.39	0.79	18.35	7.25	8.04	25.98	0.38	13.46	12.14	12.52
21						26.56	0.96	14.06	11.54	12.50
25	26.29	0.69	18.70	6.90	7.59	25.92	0.32	14.05	11.55	11.87
31	26.21	0.61				26.03	0.43	14.02	11.58	12.01
33	25.97	0.37	17.96	7.64	8.01	25.86	0.26	15.07	10.53	10.79
均值	26.91	1.31	17.78	7.82	9.24	26.57	0.97	13.96	11.64	12.60
注：①硫同位素测试由中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所稳定同位素实验室完成；②△1是指溶蚀液中SO₄^2-的δ³⁴S_SO₄^2-与石膏的δ³⁴S的差值；③△2是指石膏的δ³⁴S与还原生成H₂S的δ³⁴S_H₂S的差值.

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表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地含硫物质的硫同位素

Table 2. Values of sulfur isotope in anhydrite and pyrite in the weathering crust of Ordovician, Ordos Basin

井号	井深(m)	层位	矿物名称	δ³⁴S(‰)	样品来源	数据来源
陕27井		O₁m五₁	结核状硬石膏	27.90	白云岩中的硬石膏斑晶	郑聪斌等，1995
陕12井		O₁m五₁	斑晶状硬石膏	27.10	白云岩中的硬石膏斑晶	郑聪斌等，1995
陕42井		C₂b	黄铁矿	-5.20	风化壳	郑聪斌等，1997
陕42井		O₁m五_1-1	黄铁矿	-2.64	风化壳	章贵松等，2000
陕42井		O₁m五_1-1	黄铁矿	6.60	洞穴	郑聪斌等，1997
陕42井		O₁m五_1-2	黄铁矿	10.98	充填物	郑聪斌等，1997
Z110		O₁m五_1-1	黄铁矿	22.20		郑聪斌等，1997
陕42井		O₁m五₁	斑晶状硬石膏	27.70	白云岩中的硬石膏斑晶	郑聪斌等，1995
陕42井			层状硬石膏	28.00	白云岩上下围岩的层状硬石膏	郑聪斌等，1996
陕42井			层状硬石膏	27.80	白云岩上下围岩的层状硬石膏	郑聪斌等，1996
陕16		O₁m五_1-3	黄铁矿	-5.86		章贵松等，2000
陕16		O₁m五_1-4	黄铁矿	9.52		章贵松等，2000
C1		O₁m五_4-1	黄铁矿	22.60		章贵松等，2000
榆70	2757.14	马五₁¹	黄铁矿	-4.47	溶孔、溶洞里的充填物黄铁矿	黄道军等，2009
榆70	2758.50	马五₁¹	黄铁矿	6.60	溶孔、溶洞里的充填物黄铁矿	黄道军等，2009
榆70	2759.71	马五₁¹	黄铁矿	10.22	溶孔、溶洞里的充填物黄铁矿	黄道军等，2009
榆70	2760.73	马五₁¹	黄铁矿	23.19	溶孔、溶洞里的充填物黄铁矿	黄道军等，2009

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