水化学揭示的弱透水层孔隙水演化特征及其古气候指示意义

李静; 梁杏; 毛绪美; 王聪; 柳富田

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2012.070

水化学揭示的弱透水层孔隙水演化特征及其古气候指示意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.070

李静^1,,
梁杏^2, ,,
毛绪美¹,
王聪¹,
柳富田³

1.
中国地质大学环境学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074
3.
天津地质调查中心, 天津 300170

基金项目:

国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”项目 2010CB428802

国家自然科学青年基金项目 40602031

详细信息

作者简介:
李静(1985-), 女, 博士研究生, 从事水文地质及水文地球化学研究.E-mail: siweijingchu@163.com

通讯作者:
梁杏, E-mail: xliang@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: X641.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2011-05-15
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-09
- 刊出日期: 2012-05-01

Hydro-Geochemistry Implications of Evolution of Pore Water in Low-Penetrability Aquifer and Significance of Paleoclimate

1.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Tianjin Center of Geological Survey, Tianjin 300170, China

摘要

摘要: 地下水开采、弱透水层释水, 以及污染物迁移转化、高危废物深埋选址等水文地质和工程地质活动中, 弱透水层的作用越来越受到重视.了解弱透水层孔隙水的演化特征是认识弱透水层作用的首要问题.采用机械压榨法提取了曹妃甸地区某钻孔0~100 m粘性土孔隙水, 对孔隙水化学特征进行了分析.结果显示钻孔粘性土孔隙水呈碱性, 总溶解固体为7.26~26.89 g/L, 从浅到深逐渐减小; 陆相沉积层Cl/Br比趋向无穷大, 而海相沉积层仅为279~289.分析得出弱透水层孔隙水基本为岩层沉积水, 陆相和海相沉积层孔隙水分别显示出淡水和海水起源特征, 没有后期海水入侵影响迹象; Cl^-、Na⁺变化趋势主要受蒸发浓缩作用影响, SO₄^2-受硫酸盐的还原作用和石膏的溶解作用共同控制, Ca²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺还受到沉积过程中阳离子交换与吸附作用影响; 由δ¹⁸O重建晚更新世古气温为5.21~5.81 ℃, 浅部40 m以内计算的气温偏高是由于全新世气候变暖、孔隙水向下扩散迁移混合的影响.
- 弱透水层 /
- 孔隙水 /
- 地球化学 /
- 氢氧同位素 /
- 水文地质学
Abstract: The low-penetrability aquifer plays an important role in hydrogeology and engineering geology activities, including groundwater exploitation, porewater release from aquitard, migration and transformation of pollutants, and reposition of high radioactive waste. For understanding the low-penetrability aquifer, it's important to investigate the evolution of pore water. In this paper, pore water was extracted by mechanical squeeze in a bore of Caofeidian with a depth of 0-100 m. The analysis of porewater indicates that the pore water is alkaline, and the total dissolved solid is between 7.26 and 26.89 g/L, decreasing with depth; and Cl/Br in continental sediment tends to infinity, while that in marine sediment is 279-280. It can be concluded that the pore water is sedimentary water revealing the freshwater and seawater characteristics in continental and marine sediment respectively with no clear signs of modern seawater intrusion. The trend of Cl^-, Na⁺ is dominated by evaporation; SO₄^2- is controlled both by sulfate reduction and gypsum dissolution; cation exchange and adsorption mainly influence Ca²⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺. The reconstruction of Late Pleistocene temperature is 5.21-5.81 ℃ using δ¹⁸O, with much higher temperatures calculated by shallow data within 40 m attributed to mixing and diffusion of modern pore water.
- low-penetrability aquifer /
- pore water /
- geochemistry /
- oxygen and hydrogen isotope /
- hydrogeology

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图 1 研究区地理位置

Fig. 1. Location of study site

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图 2 压榨仪示意

1.顶盖及活塞；2.圆柱筒体；3.过滤网及过滤膜；4.底座；5.导水孔

Fig. 2. Scheme of the pressurizing device

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图 3 粘性土孔隙水氢氧同位素关系

Fig. 3. Polt of porewater δD versus δ¹⁸O

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图 4 特征离子比垂向变化曲线

圆点和方块表示采样位置；空心圆点：Cl/Br > 6 000；A.河湖相；B.海相

Fig. 4. Typical ion ratio along the direction of depth

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图 5 δ¹⁸O垂向变化曲线

Fig. 5. δ¹⁸O versus depth

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表 1 孔隙水主要离子浓度

Table 1. Major solute concentration of porewater

样品编号	深度(m)	TDS	pH	Cl^-	Br^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	Ca²⁺	Fe³⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	Sr²⁺
C1	16.2	26.89	5.30	16 827	-	96.9	32.95	721.4	55.50	389.9	769.1	7 979	10.70
C2	23.4	25.86	8.24	16 422	45.7	444.5	560.16	426.3	1.20	268.5	826.9	7 124	6.80
C3	28.7	25.08	7.75	15 382	-	711.2	247.13	523.9	2.30	128.4	852.1	7 309	9.40
C4	33.3	24.92	7.66	15 013	3.2	1 259	296.56	521.7	0.70	47.4	836.7	7 078	12.30
C5	37.6	23.55	7.97	14 843	29.1	1 079	243.84	1 159	--	39.4	1 034	5 190	23.10
C6	43.5	20.70	8.35	12 050	16.9	1 921	382.23	404.7	0.90	46.2	954.6	5 082	13.70
C7	49.4	15.18	8.00	9 360	3.5	923.9	197.70	573.2	0.70	51.2	829.0	3 297	10.40
C8	53.5	13.76	8.05	7 345	-	1 696	494.26	296.8	0.60	57.4	642.9	3445	7.10
C9	68.1	9.81	7.79	5 876	-	337.2	276.79	459.5	0.70	85.9	346.5	2476	6.30
C10	74.4	8.04	8.05	4 799	-	289.6	362.46	234.0	0.60	36.2	288.7	2174	4.40
C11	78.5	7.26	8.48	4 049	-	532.3	790.82	76.8	0.90	40.4	178.2	2461	2.10
C12	88.2	8.81	7.65	4 988	17.4	314.7	335.55	156.1	0.55	19.25	348.9	2 682	4.60
C13	93.3	9.71	8.40	5 108	18.3	582.6	416.42	160.2	0.60	21.95	391.9	3 097	4.15
C14	97.2	10.27	8.48	4 688	16.2	2 020	581.62	247.0	-	25.2	399.5	3 019	5.40
注：表中各离子单位为mg/L，TDS单位为g/L.

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表 2 氘氧同位素测试结果

Table 2. The results of oxygen and hydrogen isotope

深度(m)	16.2	28.7	33.3	43.5	49.4
δ¹⁸O(‰)	-3.01	-5.49	-4.62	-7.54	-8.94
δD(‰)	-12.9	-29.9	-24.7	-46.7	-56.8

深度(m)	53.5	88.2	93.3	97.2	渤海海水
δ¹⁸O(‰)	-9.56	-9.85	-8.55	-9.98	-0.99
δD(‰)	-61.4	-64.4	-56.3	-67.7	-10.7

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表 3 特征离子比及矿物饱和指数

Table 3. Typical ion ratio and saturation index

深度(m)	Cl/Br	Sr/Ba	SO₄/Cl	Ca/Cl	γ(Na/Cl)	SI_cal	SI_dolo	SI_gyp
16.2	∝	4.12	0.006	0.043	0.73	-2.27	-4.11	-1.74
23.4	359.81	8.63	0.027	0.026	0.67	1.53	3.74	-1.29
28.7	∝	26.38	0.046	0.034	0.73	0.82	2.25	-1
33.3	4710.78	38.40	0.084	0.035	0.73	0.82	2.22	-0.76
37.6	510.07	67.16	0.073	0.078	0.54	1.33	3	-0.51
43.5	709.65	79.72	0.159	0.034	0.65	1.43	3.6	-0.66
49.4	2713	47.65	0.099	0.061	0.54	1.03	2.6	-0.74
53.5	∝	39.66	0.231	0.040	0.72	1.22	3.14	-0.72
68.1	∝	18.28	0.057	0.078	0.65	1.01	2.27	-1.09
74.4	∝	13.34	0.060	0.049	0.70	1.12	2.7	-1.36
78.5	∝	8.21	0.131	0.019	0.94	1.36	3.45	-1.56
88.2	286.89	9.30	0.063	0.031	0.83	0.53	1.78	-1.53
93.3	279.50	9.91	0.114	0.031	0.94	1.28	3.33	-1.31
97.2	289.96	31.25	0.431	0.053	0.99	1.61	3.79	-0.53
注：SI_cal、SI_dolo、SI_gyp分别为方解石、白云石、石膏的饱和指数，通过PHREEQC软件的模拟计算值；γ为摩尔比.

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