Effecting of Overpressures on Diagensis in the Qijiagulong-Sanzhao Depression of Songliao Basin
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摘要: 松辽盆地齐家古龙-三肇凹陷青山口组以上地层发育3套明显的压力体系，其中作为勘探重点的青山口组和嫩江组泥岩超压不仅控制烃类的生成，还对相邻储层具有深远影响.在前人研究基础上，应用热解分析、X射线衍射、镜下鉴定、扫描电镜、铸体薄片鉴定等资料，研究了超压对地质流体活动及成岩作用的影响.结果表明，超压不仅抑制了粘土矿物转化，还抑制了烃类结构的演化.另外，成岩作用中的压实作用、胶结作用对于超压的抑制有明显的响应.超压并不能直接影响溶解作用，而是通过地质流体间接对其产生影响，主要表现为由次生孔隙产生造成的孔隙度增加.Abstract: There are 3 sets of obvious overpressure systems in the strata above the Qingshankou Formation in Qijiagulong-Sanzhao depression, Songliao basin. The overpressure in the Qingshankou (K2qn) and Nenjiang (K2n) Formation mud rock which is the key zone of exploration which not only controls the formation of hydrocarbon, but also impacts the adjacent reservoir property deeply. Based on the previous studies, this paper utilizes abundant materials, including thermal decomposition, X-ray diffraction, microscope analysis, SEM and blue epoxy resin-impregnated thin sections, to study the effect of overpressure on diagenesis. The results indicate: (1) the overpressure constrained the transformation of clay minerals, and also depressed the evolution of hydrocarbon structure. (2) The compaction and cementation during diagenesis responded apparently to the overpressure depression. The overpressure didn't affects dissolution directly, but via the geo-fluids indirectly, causing the increase of porosity by induced pore.
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Key words:
- Songliao basin /
- overpressure /
- fluid flow /
- diagenesis /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 松辽盆地地层综合柱状图
1.泥岩；2.砂岩；3.砂砾岩；4.砂质泥岩；5.不整合；6.暗色泥岩；7.烃源岩；8.储层；9.盖层
Fig. 1. Comprehensive stratigraphic column in Songliao basin
图 2 研究区主要粘土矿物随深度变化对比剖面
a.蒙皂石；b.伊蒙混层；c.伊利石；d.高岭石；e.绿泥石
Fig. 2. Relationship between main clay mineral content and depth
图 4 砂岩类型三角图(单位：%)
Ⅰ.石英砂岩；Ⅱ.长石石英砂岩；Ⅲ.岩屑石英砂岩；Ⅳ.长石砂岩；Ⅴ.岩屑长石砂岩；Ⅵ.长石岩屑砂岩；Ⅶ.岩屑砂岩
Fig. 4. Sandstone components triangular diagram
图 6 研究区云母变形及胶结物类型
a.古204井，2 085.87 m，正×20，云母压弯；b.古140井，1 685.99 m，正×20，云母压断；c.古140井，1 826.39 m，正×20，方解石胶结；d.古204井，2 084.14 m，正×20，石英先加大，方解石后胶结，钙质介壳
Fig. 6. Mica deformation and typical cement in study area
图 8 石英含量与深度之间的关系(a)以及石英胶结物含量与压力系数之间的关系(b)
Fig. 8. Relationship between quartz content and depth (a) and relationship between pressure coefficient and quartz cement content (b)
图 9 研究区主要成岩作用类型
a.古204井，2 424.13 m，正×10，先石英加大，后方解石胶结，交代长石；b.古140井，1 826.39 m，正×10，先长石溶蚀，后方解石胶结交代；c.古140井，1 830.10 m，正×20，溶蚀扩大孔；d.英272井，1 284.79 m，长石颗粒被溶蚀成蜂窝状，棕灰色油斑细砂岩，扫描电镜×1 300；e.古141井，2 002.64 m，单×10，长石粒内溶孔；f.古708井，1 997.27 m，孔隙中充填黄铁矿，粉砂岩，扫描电镜×1 800
Fig. 9. Main diagenetic types in study area
表 1 齐家古龙凹陷青一段压实作用对比
Table 1. Compaction comparison in different wells
井号 压力系数 Ic 压实程度 古140 1.13 (2.4-3.2)/2.8 较强 古204 1.27 (1.1-2.7)/1.8 较弱 
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