基于染色示踪的膜下滴灌棉田水盐运移规律

王在敏; 靳孟贵; 何雨江; 汪丙国

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2012.116

基于染色示踪的膜下滴灌棉田水盐运移规律

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.116

1.
中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 河北石家庄 050803

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41172218

国家科技支撑计划项目 2007BAD38B01

详细信息

作者简介:
王在敏(1986-), 女, 博士研究生, 研究方向为水文循环与生态环境、水流与溶质运移

通讯作者:
靳孟贵, E-mail: mgjin@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: X143
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2011-11-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-10
- 刊出日期: 2012-09-15

Water Flow and Salt Transport in Cotton Field of Mulched Drip-Irrigation Using Dye Tracer

1.
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, ShiJiazhuang 050803, China

摘要

摘要: 采用亮蓝FCF染色示踪剂, 研究膜下滴灌条件的水盐运移规律; 分别在灌溉前、灌溉中和灌溉后等不同时间段共开挖13个时刻的剖面, 观察膜下滴灌湿润面的运移情况; 以10 cm间隔的网格, 用MP406土壤水分探测器原位测定3 120个点的土壤体积含水率, 同时取1 430份土样, 利用1∶5土水比浸提法测定土壤盐分; 并利用WATCHDOG气象站监测研究区气象要素.结果表明: 染色示踪能直观表征土壤水盐运动轨迹; 膜下滴灌条件下, 垂直滴灌带方向土壤水流呈点源入渗特征、沿滴灌带方向近似呈线源入渗特征; 现行灌溉模式下, 壤质砂土湿润锋横向运移速率约为8 cm/h; 滴灌对滴头附近土体有一定洗盐效果, 未覆膜区域地表土体出现盐分积累; 灌水时间越长, 湿润锋越深, 横向扩展速率接近无作物小区(8 cm/h); 从土壤水合理利用角度考虑, 满足研究区一膜一带四行的种植模式和土质的单次合理灌水量应为29.4~69.8 mm.
- 膜下滴灌 /
- 土壤水分 /
- 染色示踪 /
- 亮蓝FCF /
- 水文地质学 /
- 环境工程
Abstract: Brilliant Blue FCF was used to trace water flow in cotton field of mulched drip-irrigation using brackish water. 13 cross sections were dug before irrigation, during irrigation and after irrigation, respectively, for observation of the movement of wetting front. The soil moistures were in-situ measured at 3 120 points by using MP406 moisture probe and 1 430 soil samples were sampled to analyze soil salinity by extracting soil water with 1:5 of soil to water, while cross sections were divided as each grid 10 cm×10 cm. The meteorology data were measured by WATCHDOG. The results show that the dye tracer can trace soil water flow and salinity transport obviously. There are two infiltrating states for soil water and salinity transport characters in field under film mulched drip-irrigation: point source infiltrating in the direction vertical to drip irrigation pipe and approximate line source infiltrating along with drip irrigation pipe. The velocity of soil wetting front movement was 8cm/h under the present irrigation. The soil salinity near the dripper was leached by irrigation water; however, the salt accumulated in the surface soil without film mulch. The wetting front extended with the irrigation time, and the spreading distance was similar to that with no plants. For efficient use of soil water, the reasonable irrigation quota for the present planting pattern of one film, one irrigation pipe and four row cottons was 29.4-69.8 mm in the study area.
- mulched drip-irrigation /
- soil moisture /
- dye tracer /
- brilliant blue FCF /
- hydrogeology /
- environmental engineering

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图 1 试验区平面布置

Fig. 1. Bird view of the experimental area

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图 2 开挖剖面示意(a)及取样点布局(b)

Fig. 2. Sketch of section planes (a) and sampling points (b)

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图 3 垂直滴灌带剖面湿润面变化

Fig. 3. Pictures of wetting front on section perpendicular to drip-irrigation pipe

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图 4 滴灌带方向剖面湿润面变化

Fig. 4. Pictures of wetting front along the drip-irrigation pipe

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图 5 不同时间土壤剖面体积含水率等值线

Fig. 5. Isolines of soil moisture in profile at different times

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图 6 不同时刻土壤剖面体积含水率分布

Fig. 6. Soil moisture versus depths at different times

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图 7 无作物蒸腾滴灌条件下土壤水补给与排泄要素

Fig. 7. Recharge and discharge of soil water under mulched drip-irrigation without transpiration

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图 8 土壤剖面电导率等值线

Fig. 8. Isolines of soil electric conductivity

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表 1 灌水前后根区土壤总盐含量

Table 1. The soil total salts contents in root zone

灌水前(g/kg)	灌水结束后(g/kg)	下一次灌水前(g/kg)	淋洗量(g/kg)	返盐量(g/kg)
2.97	2.25	2.28	0.72	0.03

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表 2 覆膜棉花生育期基本作物系数

Table 2. Crop coefficients of cotton with film mulch for different growth season

类别	作物系数
类别	苗期	蕾期	花铃期	吐絮期
膜下滴灌	0.1	0.7	0.8	0.6
FAO(无膜)	0.35	1.15	1.2	0.6

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表 3 不同灌水定额水分入渗范围

Table 3. The infiltration characters of different irrigation quotas

灌水量(mm)	19.9	24.5	29.4	37.5	43.5	69.8
灌水时间(h)	4	5	6	8	9	14
湿润锋深度max(cm)	45	48	58	65	80	150左右
扩展距离max(cm)	28	37	46	62	73	大于75

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表 4 定额69.8 mm水量均衡(深度0~160 cm)

Table 4. Water balance for irrigation quota of 69.8 mm (0-160 cm)

灌水量(mm)	腾发量(mm)	灌前剖面储水量(mm)	灌后剖面储水量(mm)	剖面储水变化量(mm)	渗漏量(mm)	有效灌水比例(%)
69.8	5.7	420	460	40	24.1	65.5

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参考文献(19)

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