Geological Process-Based Mineral Resource Quantitative Prediction and Assessment for Makeng Type Iron Polymetallic Deposits in Fujian
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摘要: 矿床是地质过程的产物之一, 深入分析控制矿床形成和保存的关键地质过程是矿产资源定量预测与评价的基础.闽西南马坑式铁多金属矿为矽卡岩型矿床, 燕山期的岩浆活动提供了热源、流体来源及部分的铁质来源; 热液沿着北东向断裂向上运移, 在岩体与石炭-二叠纪碳酸盐岩地层的接触面及石炭-二叠纪地层内部发生了热液交代作用, 形成了矽卡岩化; 铁主要来源于石炭-二叠纪碳酸盐岩建造, 后期燕山期岩浆的侵入, 使得铁进一步富集; 并在石炭-二叠纪地层中沉淀成矿.基于上述关键成矿过程, 从"源"(热源、物质来源和流体来源)、"运"(流体通道)、"盖"(圈闭)、"储"(矿质沉淀场所)和"存"(矿床的后期保存条件)等方面提取了地质证据, 利用模糊逻辑综合地质证据得到了找矿有利度图.结果显示所圈定的预测远景区与已知铁多金属矿床在空间上具有很强的相关性, 可作为进一步工作部署的依据.基于地质过程的矿产资源定量预测与评价方法, 决定矿床能否形成的关键地质过程为评价依据, 可为闽西南进一步找寻马坑式铁多金属矿提供新的找矿思路和参考依据.Abstract: Study of geological processes including: (1) establishment of energy gradients to drive the system, (2) generation of hydrothermal fluids, (3)extraction of metals and chemical ligands for metal complexation from suitable sources, (4) transportation of metals from sources regions to trap zones, (5)deposition of metals triggered by chemical and physical processes that alter the make-up of melts or fluids migrating through trap zones, and (6) preservation of mineral deposits through time is the basis for mineral resource quantitative prediction and assessment (MRQPA) since the forming and preservation of mineral deposits is a spatial-temporal function of geological processes. In this study, geological process-based mineral resource quantitative prediction and assessment for Makeng type iron polymetallic deposits in Fujian Province is implemented. The focuses are to study the critical geological processes and evidences that these processes have occurred, and to evaluate the probability of occurrences of the critical geological processes. This study offers a new prospective for mineral resource exploration, and provides a new strategy for further Makeng type iron polymetallic mineral exploration in Fujian province.
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图 1 研究区地质(根据福建省1:20万区域地质图修编，2010)
Fig. 1. Simplified geological condition of study area
图 3 矽卡岩型矿床模型(据福建省地质调查研究院，2010修改)
1.童子岩组细碎屑岩；2.文笔山组泥质粉砂岩；3.经畲组-栖霞组灰岩(大理岩)；4.林地组砂砾岩；5.中下石炭统片岩(变质粉砂岩)；6.楼子坝组石英云母片岩；7.中酸性火山碎屑岩；8.安山玄武岩；9.燕山期花岗岩；10.燕山期花岗闪长岩；11.辉绿岩/花岗斑岩；12.断层及破碎带；13.矽卡岩；14.原生铁矿、风化铁矿
Fig. 3. Skarn-type Fe mineral deposit model
图 4 地质证据:(a)推断岩体；(b)断裂缓冲区；(c)断裂交点；(d)地质界限密度
Fig. 4. Geological Evidences for inferred granites (a), buffered faults (b), fault intersections (c) and density of geological contact (d)
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