Late Paleozoic Sedimentary Filling and Gas Accumulation in the North Ordos Basin
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摘要: 为探究鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界的富气规律，综合野外露头和钻井的岩石学、沉积构造、剖面结构等资料，分析了沉积充填过程中“源-输-汇”耦合作用与沉积物的时空聚集规律，揭示出鄂尔多斯晚古生代克拉通坳陷盆地北部平坦宽缓的古地貌背景为多河道浅水三角洲频繁进退和侧向迁移及砂体集聚提供了空间，从而在多物源供砂与多水系输砂作用下形成了立体网毯状砂体.对上古生界进行了系统的层序划分，分析了盆地的构造演化和沉积充填过程，认为海相盆地向陆相盆地转化阶段的山西超长期旋回SLSC3和下石盒子超长期旋回SLSC4的底部辫状河三角洲或曲流河三角洲形成了有利于天然气运移聚集的立体网毯状砂体，是储层发育和分布的最有利相带，上石盒子超长期旋回SLSC5的网状河三角洲与湖泊沉积的厚层泥岩铸造了区域性盖层，加上陆表海和近海湖盆的聚煤作用，形成了鄂尔多斯盆地天然气藏的生储盖组合，成就了上古生界“满盆生气、过渡(层)含气、斜坡富气、岩性控气”的特点.Abstract: To reveal the nature gas accumulation regularity of Late Paleozoic in Ordos basin, based on the datum of field outcrops, drilling core, well log, seismic inversion, and sample analysis, this paper analyzes the coupling of "provenance-transportation-aggregation" and sandy accumulation in the sedimentary filling process, which shows that there were multi-provenances and several river systems during Late Paleozoic in the north of Ordos intercontinental basin and the broad and gentle slope palaeogeography and frequently migrating shallow water delta resulted in the stereoNET-blanket sand body. What's more, the sequence division of the Upper Paleozoic stratigraphy is proposed, and the history of basin evolution and sedimentary filling is analyzed, on basis of which is concluded that the stereoNET-blanket sand body formed by the distributary channels of braided river delta system or meandering river delta system benefited the gas migration and accumulation deposited in the period SLSC3-SLSC4 of Ordos basin transforming from marine to land, the mudstone of anastomosed river delta and shallow lake system founded the regional cover, and the coal of Taiyuan Formation and Shanxi Formation is the source rock. They formed the source-reservoir-cap rock association of natural gas reservoir together, resulting in such striking features as "gas generated in the whole basin, gas bearing in transitional stratum, gas enriched in ramp region, and gas controlled by lithology".
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Key words:
- provenance analysis /
- shallow water delta /
- stereoNET-blanket sand body /
- sedimentology /
- filling /
- petroleum reservoirs /
- Ordos basin
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界重矿物组合分区(据陈安清等，2011)
a.山西组；b.下石盒子组；Arqn.太古界千里山群；Ar2wl.太古界乌拉山群；Ar1jn.太古界集宁群；Pt1sr.色尔腾山群；Pt1sr.色尔腾山群；Pt2sh.什那干群；γ1.太古代花岗岩；γ22.中元古代花岗岩；γδ22.中元古代花岗闪长岩；δ22.中元古代闪长岩
Fig. 1. Distribution of heavy minerals in Upper Paleozoic of north Ordos basin
图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地北部不同类型的浅水三角洲沉积特征
a.砾质心滩沉积，交错层理(龙王沟，盒8下段)；b.受潮汐作用改造的河口坝砂岩，双向斜层理(麒3井，山2段)；c.曲流河三角洲分流河道中的板状斜层理(扒楼沟，盒7段)；d.曲流河三角洲前缘的穹窿状河口坝砂体A与水下分流河道B(成家沟，盒7段)；e.网状河三角洲分流河道的细砂岩，板状斜层理(海则庙，盒4段)；f.薄层透镜状中-细粒的网状河三角洲分流河道砂岩穿插于紫红色泥岩中(扒楼沟，盒5段)
Fig. 2. Typical sedimentary characters of delta environment in north Ordos basin
图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界层序地层划分及天然气富集规律综合图解
Fig. 3. Sequence analysis and gas enriching trend of Upper Paleozoic of north Ordos basin
图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地北部关键时期的岩相古地理
a.LSC3-太2段；b.LSC5-山2段；c.LSC6-山1段；d.LSC7-盒8下段
Fig. 4. The lithofacies paleography of Upper Paleozoic in north Ordos basin
图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界煤层厚度与天然气运聚方向(煤层厚度据付金华等，2008)
Fig. 5. The isogram of coal and gas migration trend in Upper Paleozoic Ordos basin
图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代盆地叠合转换期的沉积充填特征
Fig. 6. The sedimentary filling characters in the period of Ordos basin transform from marine to land
图 7 不同中期沉积旋回不同相带的东西向砂体横切剖面
图为砂体厚度三维模型；橙黄色区代表河道、分流河道和水下分流河道等聚砂环境；蓝色区代表泛滥平原、河间湖和浅湖(海)等聚泥环境
Fig. 7. Transverse sections of sand body in different sedimentary cycles and different facies belts (from east to west)
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