周口店岩体矿物学、年代学、地球化学特征及其岩浆起源与演化

张金阳; 马昌前; 王人镜; 陶继东

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2013.007

周口店岩体矿物学、年代学、地球化学特征及其岩浆起源与演化

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.007

张金阳^1,,
马昌前^{2, 3},
王人镜³,
陶继东⁴

1.
中国地质大学资源学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074
3.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074
4.
中国地质大学马克思主义学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家科学技术部国际科技合作项目 2007DFA21230

国家自然科学基金项目 40821061

国家自然科学基金项目 40334037

国家自然科学基金项目 40903017

教育部和国家外国专家局高等学校学科创新引智计划 B07039

详细信息

作者简介:
张金阳(1977-), 男, 博士, 副教授, 从事岩浆岩石学及相关矿床研究.E-mail: zhangjinyang@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P581
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-05-28
- 刊出日期: 2013-01-15

Mineralogical, Geochronological and Geochemical Characteristics of Zhoukoudian Intrusion and Their Magmatic Source and Evolution

1.
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
4.
Faculty of Marxism, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 周口店岩体由三次侵入的中酸性岩石组成, 本次测得石英闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为131.6±2.1 Ma, 闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb年龄为128.1±1.4 Ma.周口店岩体各种类型岩石属高钾钙碱性系列、偏铝质, Mg^#较高, 重稀土元素和Ta、Nb、P以及Ti明显亏损, 轻稀土元素和Ba、K以及Sr相对富集, Eu没有异常, Yb元素含量小于2×10^-6, (La/Yb)_N和Sr/Y比值较高.斜长石复杂环带能谱线扫描表明, 花岗闪长岩中的斜长石核部牌号高, 完整的幔部由内向外由反环带和正环带组成, 微粒包体中的斜长石核部牌号低, 幔部以尘状环带开始, 然后演变为正环带, 这揭示存在多期基性岩浆的注入作用, 结合暗色微粒包体的形态、大小、数量、反向脉、矿物含量统计、矿物成分、地球化学和各类环带包体、岩墙状包体群等特征, 说明暗色微粒包体是在花岗闪长岩浆冷凝过程的不同阶段, 多期幔源基性岩浆注入并与酸性岩浆在围绕包体周缘的局部范围内发生不均一机械混合作用的结果.周口店中酸性岩石体现埃达克质岩的地球化学特征, 岩浆成分主要受源区控制, 形成于加厚下地壳环境.由石英闪长岩-花岗闪长岩至中酸性岩脉, 岩石(Er/Lu)_N和Nb/Ta比值升高, 说明源区残留相矿物组合由角闪石+石榴石向石榴石+金红石变化, 岩浆源区不断变深.
- 岩脉 /
- 暗色微粒包体 /
- 源区 /
- 混合 /
- 年代学 /
- 周口店
Abstract: Zhoukoudian intrusion contains intermediate-acidic rocks with three magmatic pulses. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb ages of quartz diorite and diorite-porphyry are 131.6±2.1 Ma and 128.1±1.4 Ma, respectively. All kinds of rocks are metaluminous and show high-K calc-alkaline affinity with high Mg^#. Their LREE, Ba, K, and Sr contents are high and HREE, Ta, Nb, P, and Ti are low with no Eu anomaly, high (La/Yb)_N and Sr/Y ratios. Zoned plagioclase with large mantle is common in granodiorite (second pulse) and mafic microgranular enclaves. Two such zoned plagioclase crystals are studied: One from granodiorite with high An compositions in cores and reverse-, normal-zoning outwardly in well-developed mantles; the other from mafic microgranular enclave with low An compositions in cores and beginning with dusty zoning and then showing normal-zoning in mantles, together with shape, size, quantity, reverse vein, statistics of mineral contents, mineral compositions, geochemistry, zoned structure, dyke-like swarms of mafic microgranular enclaves, a genesis of magma mingling between basic and acid magma is suggested. Magma mingling attained local equilibrium around enclaves and happened during whole solidified process of granodiorite due to multiple pulses of basic magma. The rocks from Zhoukoudian intrusion are adakitic and are partially melted within thickened lower crust. (Er/Lu)_N and Nb/Ta ratios increase from quartz diorite-granodiorite to intermediate-acidic dykes, which indicates that residual minerals in source region changed from amphibole+garnet to garnet+rutile and the source became deeper.
- dyke /
- mafic microgranular enclave /
- source /
- magma mingling /
- geochronology /
- Zhoukoudian

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图 1 周口店岩体地质略图(据赵温霞，2003修改)

1.正常与倒转岩层；2.岩体内面理；3.平行不整合；4.角度不整合；5.岩体相带界线；6.强变形区边界线；7.石英闪长岩及编号；8.花岗闪长岩及编号；9.垂直面理的破裂；10.闪长玢岩脉和花岗闪长斑岩脉；11.应变捕虏体(包体)；12.挤压片理；13.剥离断层；14.逆断层.Q.第四系；J.侏罗系；C-T.上石炭统-三叠系；∈-O.寒武系-下奥陶统；Qn.青白口系；Jx.蓟县系；Ch.长城系；Ar.官地杂岩

Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the Zhoukoudian intrusion

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图 2 (a) 环带状暗色微粒包体及向内部弯曲的凹边，(b)贯入暗色微粒包体的反向脉及向内弯曲的凹边，(c)微粒包体包围的寄主岩花岗闪长岩团块，(d)微粒包体(FS03-5)中复杂环带斜长石，核部为补丁状环带

Fig. 2. (a) A zoned mafic microgranular enclave with concave margins, (b) the reverse dykes and concave margins within a mafic microgranular enclave, (c) the granodiorite globule within a mafic microgranular enclave, (d) the complex zoned plagioclase within a mafic microgranular enclave

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图 3 (a) 石英闪长岩样品07FS07-1和(b)闪长玢岩脉样品CC01-4锆石LA-ICPMS ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U-²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U谐和图

Fig. 3. Zircon LA-ICPMS ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U-²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U concordia diagrams of samples from quartz diorite (07FS07-1, a) and diorite porphyry dyke (CC01-4, b)

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图 4 (a) 过渡相花岗闪长岩FS03-3中斜长石复杂环带(正交光)，(b)斜长石核部-幔部-边部An值剖面(正交光)

Fig. 4. (a) a complex zoned plagioclase grain from granodiorite sample in transitional facies (cross-polarized light), (b) section of the complex zoned plagioclase (cross-polarized light)

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图 5 (a) 过渡相花岗闪长岩中微粒包体FS03-5内斜长石复杂环带(正交光)，(b)斜长石核部-幔部-边部An值剖面(背散射)

Fig. 5. (a) a complex zoned plagioclase grain from sample of mafic microgranular enclave in transitional granodiorite facies (cross-polarized light), (b) section of the complex zoned plagioclase (backscattered light)

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图 6 (a) 周口店岩体各种岩石SiO₂-(K₂O+Na₂O)图解(Middlmost, 1994)和(b)SiO₂-K₂O图解(实线据Peccerillo and Taylor (1976), 虚线据Middlemost (1985))

1.橄榄辉长岩；2a.碱性辉长岩；2b.亚碱性辉长岩；3.辉长闪长岩；4.闪长岩；5.花岗闪长岩；6.花岗岩；7.硅英岩；8.二长辉长岩；9.二长闪长岩；10.二长岩；11.石英二长岩；12.正长岩；13.副长石辉长岩；14.副长石二长闪长岩；15.副长石二长正长岩；16.副长正长岩；17.副长深成岩；18.霓方钠岩/磷霞岩/粗白榴岩

Fig. 6. (a) SiO₂-(K₂O+Na₂O) (Middlmost, 1994) and (b) SiO₂-K₂O (Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976; Middlemost, 1985) diagrams of all kinds of rocks from the Zhoukoudian intrusion

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图 7 周口店岩体早期闪长岩-石英闪长岩(a)、晚期花岗闪长岩(b)、中酸性岩脉(c)和暗色微粒包体(d)稀土元素原始地幔标准化配分图(标准化值见Wood et al.(1979, 1981)

Fig. 7. Primitive mantle normalized REE patterns of diorite-quartz diorite (a), granodiorite (b), intermediate-acidic dykes (c) and mafic microgranular enclaves (d) from the Zhoukoudian intrusion

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图 8 周口店岩体各类岩石Sr/Y-Y图解(a)和Sr同位素初始比值与ε_Nd(130 Ma)图解(b)

Fig. 8. Sr/Y-Y diagram (a) and initial Sr isotopic ratios (I_Sr) vs.epsilon Nd (ε_Nd(t)) values diagram (b) of all kinds of rocks from the Zhoukoudian intrusion

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图 9 (a) 周口店岩体各类岩石与实验岩石学结果、中国东部早白垩世高镁闪长岩SiO₂-Mg^#图解，(b)周口店岩体各类岩石(Er/Lu)_N-Nb/Ta图解

a.玄武质岩：玄武质岩石熔融实验的熔体(Rushmer, 1991; Sen and Dunn, 1994; Rapp and Watson, 1995)；周口店：周口店岩体各类岩石；玄武质岩+橄榄岩：玄武质岩石与橄榄岩熔融实验的熔体(Rapp et al., 1999)；高镁闪长岩：中国东部高镁闪长岩(许文良等, 2006)；b.由石英闪长岩-花岗闪长岩至中酸性岩脉，(Er/Lu)_N值和Nb/Ta比值升高

Fig. 9. (a) SiO₂-Mg^# diagram of quartz diorites, granodiorites and intermediate-acidic dykes from the Zhoukoudian intrusion, (b) (Er/Lu)_N-Nb/Ta diagram of quartz diorites, granodiorites and intermediate-acidic dykes from the Zhoukoudian intrusion

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表 1 周口店复式侵入体石英闪长岩(07FS07-1)和闪长玢岩脉(CC04-1)锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb测年结果

Table 1. Zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb data of quartz diorite (07FS07-1) and diorite porphyry dyke (CC04-1) from the Zhoukoudian intrusion

	Pb	U	Th	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
07FS07-1
1	48.5	41.0	44.5	1.1	0.146 03	0.017 63	0.017 93	0.000 51	115.0	3.0
2	84.5	70.7	77.5	1.1	0.134 80	0.013 60	0.018 44	0.000 42	118.0	3.0
3	69.5	61.0	62.0	1.0	0.138 84	0.014 24	0.020 02	0.000 44	128.0	3.0
4	65.5	49.9	59.0	1.2	0.156 15	0.017 47	0.020 45	0.000 52	130.0	3.0
5	44.4	39.3	40.3	1.0	0.153 97	0.015 53	0.018 97	0.000 46	121.0	3.0
6	43.3	37.0	39.2	1.1	0.158 70	0.015 48	0.020 69	0.000 47	132.0	3.0
7	103.8	74.9	95.9	1.3	0.144 44	0.015 17	0.018 99	0.000 47	121.0	3.0
8	35.2	34.0	31.8	0.9	0.129 24	0.021 70	0.018 96	0.000 69	121.0	4.0
9	82.3	60.0	75.6	1.3	0.137 55	0.013 44	0.020 67	0.000 47	132.0	3.0
10	125.8	32.7	41.9	1.3	9.612 98	0.281 67	0.443 15	0.005 36	2 365.0	24.0
11	94.6	69.7	86.8	1.2	0.155 26	0.012 56	0.020 57	0.000 42	131.0	3.0
12	72.8	62.0	65.7	1.1	0.137 16	0.017 51	0.018 94	0.000 58	121.0	4.0
13	78.6	64.4	71.7	1.1	0.127 02	0.014 48	0.020 62	0.000 49	132.0	3.0
14	31.6	36.4	28.1	0.8	0.154 31	0.023 08	0.018 76	0.000 69	120.0	4.0
15	551.2	395.4	8.2	0.0	4.372 16	0.134 13	0.285 53	0.003 25	1 619.0	16.0
16	66.2	58.2	59.9	1.0	0.142 00	0.017 18	0.021 28	0.000 55	136.0	3.0
17	88.6	72.6	81.4	1.1	0.129 66	0.014 92	0.018 87	0.000 47	121.0	3.0
18	61.3	61.2	55.6	0.9	0.129 67	0.017 34	0.018 60	0.000 55	119.0	3.0
19	72.1	52.8	66.4	1.3	0.142 62	0.019 08	0.020 69	0.000 60	132.0	4.0
20	54.0	47.3	49.0	1.0	0.136 92	0.019 38	0.020 64	0.000 56	132.0	4.0
CC04-1
1	7.2	257.9	233.3	0.9	0.154 57	0.008 31	0.020 01	0.000 28	127.7	1.7
2	7.6	246.4	196.6	0.8	0.360 33	0.151 53	0.020 61	0.000 31	131.5	2.0
3	6.6	242.8	194.3	0.8	0.134 85	0.007 82	0.019 45	0.000 30	124.2	1.9
4	7.1	266.7	190.9	0.7	0.161 89	0.009 48	0.018 95	0.000 28	121.0	1.8
5	5.7	195.1	150.1	0.8	0.170 38	0.009 94	0.019 68	0.000 76	125.6	4.8
6	5.1	172.9	151.4	0.9	0.183 78	0.009 40	0.019 77	0.000 37	126.2	2.3
7	2.9	89.2	104.1	1.2	0.251 18	0.015 27	0.019 36	0.000 44	123.6	2.8
8	4.0	148.7	99.7	0.7	0.148 43	0.008 83	0.019 95	0.000 35	127.3	2.2
9	6.4	231.3	171.3	0.7	0.141 16	0.009 68	0.019 74	0.000 33	126.0	2.1
10	5.2	188.9	119.1	0.6	0.179 16	0.012 09	0.019 96	0.000 34	127.4	2.1
11	5.7	198.7	154.5	0.8	0.184 30	0.010 13	0.019 94	0.000 27	127.3	1.7
12	3.7	135.0	108.7	0.8	0.171 79	0.010 43	0.020 00	0.000 35	127.7	2.2
13	10.0	344.8	350.8	1.0	0.151 91	0.009 92	0.019 97	0.000 25	127.5	1.6
14	6.4	221.1	186.8	0.8	0.183 56	0.011 52	0.020 25	0.000 31	129.2	1.9
15	2.5	91.2	68.2	0.7	0.205 44	0.012 65	0.020 46	0.000 39	130.6	2.4
16	5.0	184.9	129.7	0.7	0.208 26	0.020 34	0.019 82	0.000 37	126.5	2.3
17	6.6	229.6	201.9	0.9	0.192 57	0.016 94	0.020 10	0.000 38	128.3	2.4
18	5.6	196.4	157.3	0.8	0.211 87	0.018 77	0.019 96	0.000 41	127.4	2.6
19	76.0	119.3	83.8	0.7	10.230 53	0.333 38	0.448 47	0.004 44	2 388.5	19.8
20	2.8	89.1	86.0	1.0	0.236 18	0.017 77	0.021 38	0.000 43	136.4	2.7
21	6.6	223.7	167.7	0.7	0.217 19	0.016 76	0.020 47	0.000 31	130.6	2.0
22	4.8	152.1	167.8	1.1	0.210 85	0.014 54	0.020 48	0.000 36	130.7	2.3
23	6.6	218.5	182.1	0.8	0.210 91	0.011 22	0.021 06	0.000 29	134.3	1.8
24	5.1	167.6	124.3	0.7	0.245 08	0.015 26	0.021 01	0.000 41	134.1	2.6
25	5.2	193.1	134.0	0.7	0.179 70	0.014 13	0.019 94	0.000 32	127.3	2.0
26	4.8	169.7	127.3	0.8	0.179 96	0.009 86	0.020 36	0.000 29	129.9	1.8
27	8.3	221.9	229.6	1.0	0.370 28	0.031 45	0.022 29	0.000 40	142.1	2.5
28	6.5	188.2	130.5	0.7	0.394 42	0.023 92	0.022 17	0.000 39	141.4	2.4
29	6.6	245.8	178.5	0.7	0.210 22	0.018 73	0.020 15	0.000 35	128.6	2.2
30	3.8	105.2	104.9	1.0	0.370 69	0.023 13	0.021 85	0.000 51	139.4	3.2

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表 2 周口店岩体暗色微粒包体和中酸性岩脉主量(%)、微量元素(10^-6)和Sr-Nd同位素测试结果

Table 2. Major, trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of mafic microgranular enclaves and intermediate-acidic dykes within the Zhoukoudian intrusion

	CC01-2b^*	CC01-2a^*	FS04-2a	CC03-1	CC02-3	CC02-2	CC02-1	CC03-2	CC01-4	CC01-3
	暗色微粒包体			花岗闪长斑岩脉		闪长玢岩脉
SiO₂	54.87	53.86	59.52	63.67	65.39	61.43	60.20	55.73	61.91	62.01
TiO₂	0.96	1.02	0.78	0.56	0.67	0.90	0.89	0.96	0.93	0.92
Al₂O₃	16.91	16.99	15.41	16.81	15.89	16.50	17.09	16.94	16.89	16.89
Fe₂O₃	2.19	2.44	1.37	1.52	1.08	1.13	1.42	1.82	1.56	1.49
FeO	5.55	5.78	4.30	2.55	2.58	3.75	4.08	5.10	3.30	3.35
MnO	0.14	0.14	0.12	0.06	0.04	0.06	0.07	0.10	0.06	0.06
MgO	4.36	4.57	4.06	1.69	1.63	2.52	2.53	4.24	2.00	1.98
CaO	5.98	5.96	4.55	3.31	2.93	4.00	4.14	5.73	3.67	3.70
Na₂O	4.54	4.49	3.42	4.36	4.63	4.70	4.63	4.37	4.65	4.62
K₂O	2.66	2.82	4.77	3.97	3.72	3.15	3.19	2.80	3.31	3.29
P₂O₅	0.43	0.45	0.38	0.27	0.29	0.40	0.38	0.48	0.41	0.41
CO₂	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.04	0.11	0.04	0.04
H₂O	1.07	1.12	0.93	0.75	0.68	0.95	0.90	1.14	0.83	0.80
Total	99.7	99.68	99.63	99.56	99.57	99.55	99.56	99.52	99.56	99.56
ACNK	0.80	0.80	0.81	0.96	0.94	0.9	0.92	0.82	0.94	0.94
Cr	133.00	53.20	50.30	17.60	32.70	41.80	21.80	61.20	16.00	14.00
Co	18.70	23.50	22.50	8.74	8.61	13.00	14.20	21.10	11.40	11.30
Ni	61.60	19.40	18.90	9.54	13.40	22.60	12.30	30.70	9.27	8.91
Sc	12.50	18.20	17.00	5.93	5.15	7.50	7.55	15.20	6.91	6.81
V	105.0	163.0	154.0	62.9	64.5	94.4	102.3	137.3	86.3	87.7
Ga	21.1	23.0	22.3	22.0	22.7	23.5	23.7	23.0	23.2	23.2
Rb	101.0	82.6	72.9	77.5	59.9	49.9	72.2	62.7	58.9	60.7
Sr	859	803	820	1 320	1 158	1 581	1 452	1 693	1 413	1 438
Y	17.1	20.2	19.3	11.4	7.8	10.5	11.0	16.6	10.7	10.7
Nb	8.59	9.22	8.77	10.60	8.17	8.44	7.74	7.87	8.31	8.50
Zr	186	212	174	210	164	178	183	197	197	199
Ba	1 842	1 113	1 106	2 006	1 719	1 958	1 944	2 111	1 993	2 008
Hf	4.68	5.06	4.21	5.23	4.30	4.53	4.68	4.85	4.93	4.99
Ta	0.36	0.49	0.45	0.62	0.43	0.40	0.37	0.37	0.43	0.44
Pb	30.5	19.7	19.8	47.3	33	26.1	57.9	17.7	19.9	20.4
Th	10.40	8.78	8.49	9.17	5.52	3.96	3.54	5.46	4.26	4.26
U	1.32	1.26	1.08	2.18	1.19	1.35	1.06	1.45	0.94	1.02
La	66.8	65.0	65.3	59.1	48.1	55.1	56.4	66.0	58.0	57.4
Ce	124	121	118	112	95.4	106	108	132	111	111
Pr	15.2	14.8	14.5	12.9	11.7	13.4	13.5	16.7	13.5	13.7
Nd	57.9	57.1	55.5	45.6	42.7	50.5	50.6	62.5	50.3	50.9
Sm	9.02	9.27	8.99	6.55	6.37	7.60	7.65	9.36	7.50	7.53
Eu	1.87	2.01	1.97	1.86	1.77	2.17	2.21	2.60	2.11	2.15
Gd	6.23	6.82	6.63	4.40	3.94	5.02	5.26	6.35	5.02	5.15
Tb	0.72	0.81	0.78	0.50	0.43	0.56	0.57	0.73	0.55	0.57
Dy	3.67	4.15	3.99	2.35	1.74	2.45	2.63	3.53	2.47	2.5
Ho	0.63	0.76	0.73	0.42	0.29	0.40	0.43	0.63	0.41	0.41
Er	1.62	1.94	1.86	1.11	0.69	0.97	1.02	1.58	0.98	0.98
Tm	0.22	0.26	0.25	0.15	0.08	0.11	0.12	0.21	0.12	0.12
Yb	1.55	1.78	1.61	1.02	0.51	0.69	0.75	1.39	0.76	0.77
Lu	0.24	0.26	0.24	0.15	0.07	0.10	0.11	0.21	0.10	0.11
⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr	0.339 0	0.297 6	0.257 4	0.169 8	0.149 7	0.091 3	0.143 7	0.107 2	0.120 5	0.122 2
⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	0.705 767	0.705 846	0.705 872	0.705 665	0.705 729	0.705 365	0.705 426	0.705 358	0.705 675	0.705 677
2σ	4	5	5	5	5	5	4	4	5	5
I_sr	0.705 141	0.705 296	0.705 396	0.705 351	0.705 452	0.705 196	0.705 16	0.705 16	0.705 452	0.705 451
¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd	0.094 2	0.098 1	0.098 0	0.086 7	0.090 2	0.091	0.091 4	0.090 5	0.090 1	0.089 5
¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd	0.511 820	0.511 803	0.511 694	0.511 714	0.511 624	0.511 598	0.511 552	0.511 654	0.511 554	0.511 55
2σ	4	6	3	5	2	4	2	4	2	6
T_2DM	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5
ε_Nd(t)	-14.3	-14.7	-16.8	-16.2	-18	-18.5	-19.4	-17.4	-19.4	-19.5
*a表示样品取自微粒包体外部，b表示取自微粒包体内部.

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