Distribution and Its Environmental Significance of Nitrate and Ammonium in Snowpack of Glaciers in Chinese Tianshan Mountains
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摘要: 基于2004-2009年间在天山托木尔峰青冰滩72号冰川、奎屯河哈希勒根51号冰川、乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川、博格达峰四工河4号冰川与庙尔沟平顶冰川积累区采集的雪坑样品, 分析了中国天山冰川积雪中NO3-与NH4+的空间分布特征及其环境意义.结果表明, 积雪中NO3-平均浓度顺序为哈希勒根51号冰川 < 乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川 < 庙尔沟平顶冰川 < 青冰滩72号冰川 < 四工河4号冰川, 而NH4+平均浓度顺序为青冰滩72号冰川 < 哈希勒根51号冰川 < 庙尔沟平顶冰川 < 乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川 < 四工河4号冰川.结合HYSPLIT空气轨迹模型与局地环境状况资料分析, 这种空间差异受到远源污染与沙漠粉尘传输、近源工农业生产与生活排放、冰川积累区地理环境等因素的综合影响.Abstract: In order to investigate the spatial distribution and its environmental significance of nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) in snowpack of glaciers in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains, the snow samples were collected at the accumulation zone on five typical glaciers from west to east: Glacier No. 72 at Qingbingtan of Tomur Peak (QG72), Glacier No. 51 at Haxilegen of Kuytun River (HG51), Urumqi Glacier No. 1 (UG1), Glacier No. 4 at Sigong River of Bogda Peak (SG4), and Miaoergou Flat-topped Glacier (MG) during 2004-2009. It is found that the concentration order of NO3- in snowpack is HG51 < UG1 < MG < QG72 < SG4, and the concentration order of NH4+ is QG72 < HG51 < MG < UG1 < SG4. The NOAA HYSPLIT air trajectory model and local environmental data demonstrate that the spatial distribution of nitrogen-containing ions is influenced by the long-distance pollution and atmospheric dust, the local anthropogenic output including industry and agriculture, as well as the sampling conditions.
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Key words:
- Tianshan Mountains /
- glacier /
- snowpack /
- nitrate /
- ammonium /
- spatial distribution
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图 1 采样点在中国天山冰川区的位置
Fig. 1. Location of sampling glaciers in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains
图 2 中国天山典型冰川积雪中NO3-与NH4+的浓度剖面
青冰滩72号冰川雪坑实测深度为425 cm，图示为上部275 cm
Fig. 2. NO3- and NH4+ concentration vertical profiles in snowpack of typical glaciers in the Chinese Tianshan Mountain
图 3 中国天山典型冰川积雪中NO3-与NH4+的平均浓度
Fig. 3. Mean concentration of NO3- and NH4+ in snowpack of typical glaciers in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains
图 4 中国天山典型冰川各季节空气后向轨迹的差异
Fig. 4. Seasonal cluster of backward trajectory from typical glaciers in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains
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