新疆库米什地区晚石炭世-早二叠世花岗岩年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

陈超; 吕新彪; 曹晓峰; 吴春明; 朱江

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2013.023

新疆库米什地区晚石炭世-早二叠世花岗岩年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.023

陈超^1,,
吕新彪^{1, 2, ,},
曹晓峰¹,
吴春明²,
朱江¹

1.
中国地质大学资源学院，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学地质调查研究院，湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重点项目 2007BA25B04

详细信息

作者简介:
陈超(1984-)，男，在读博士研究生，矿产普查与勘探专业.E-mail：chenchao_02103103@163.com

通讯作者:
吕新彪，E-mail：lvxb_01@163.com

中图分类号: P597
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-04-15
- 刊出日期: 2013-03-01

Geochronology, Geochemistry and Geological Significance of Late Carboniferous-Early Permian Granites in Kumishi Area, Xinjiang

1.
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 南天山东缘库米什地区花岗岩广泛出露，沿库米什断裂形成NWW向花岗岩带.该地区发现有忠宝和桑树园子矽卡岩型白钨矿床，矿化与二云母花岗岩关系密切.锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS定年分别获得忠宝岩体年龄为296±4 Ma，桑树园子岩体年龄为293±3 Ma，形成时代为晚石炭世-早二叠世.两岩体总体具有高SiO₂(72.51%~74.84%，70.68%~74.14%)，K₂O＞Na₂O，铝饱和(A/CNK=1.11~1.48，1.05~1.11)，可见原生白云母矿物等特征，反映了同碰撞S型花岗岩的特点.样品总体富集LILE元素、亏损HFSE元素，稀土元素表现为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的“右倾”型特征，具中等的负Eu异常.综合岩体的I_Sr值(0.707 6~0.708 8和0.706 5~0.707 7)、负的ε_Nd(t)值(-6.3~-7.1和-4.7~-5.1)、岩体单阶段模式年龄(T_DM)值(1.59~1.8 Ga和1.50~1.56 Ga)及古老的继承锆石年龄(2.5~0.8 Ga)分析认为，忠宝及桑树园子岩体为库米什地区星星峡群变泥质岩云母类矿物脱水部分熔融的产物，并可能混有杂砂岩成分，而南天山东部存在古老基底.本次研究显示南天山洋东部(库米什地区)于晚石炭世-早二叠世最终闭合，早中二叠世A型花岗岩及基性岩浆活动的出现表明该地区进入板内伸展阶段.富钨的星星峡群是本地区钨矿化可能的矿源层，早二叠世挤压向伸展的转换阶段为南天山东部钨矿有利的成矿构造体制，经历多旋回构造重熔的星星峡群在早二叠世造山过程的再次“重熔”作用致使成矿元素最终富集成矿.
- 南天山库米什二 /
- 云母花岗岩 /
- 地质年代学 /
- 地球化学 /
- 构造背景 /
- 钨矿
Abstract: Granitoids are widely distributed in east part of south Tianshan orogen, forming a NWW orientated granite belt along Kumishi fault. Zhongbao and Sangshuyuanzi skarn-type tungsten deposits have been discovered in this region and the mineralization is closely related to two-mica granites. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating yields the ages of Zhongbao and Sangshuyuanzi granites of 296±4 Ma and 293±3 Ma, respectively, which belong to Late Carboniferous-Early Permian. Both of the granites are peraluminous (A/CNK=1.11-1.48, 1.05-1.11) with high contents of SiO₂ (72.51%-74.84%, 70.68%-74.14%) and primary muscovites, which show the characteristics of syn-collision S-type granites. The samples are characterized with enriched LILE, LREE and loss of HFSE, with HREE showing moderate negative Eu anomalies. I_Sr values of two granites range from 0.707 6 to 0.708 8 and 0.706 5 to 0.707 7; ε_Nd(t) values range from -6.3 to-7.1 and -4.7 to -5.1; Nd single-stage modle ages (T_DM) range from 1.59 to 1.8 Ga and 1.50 to 1.56 Ga, and the old inherited zircon ages range from 2.5 to 0.8 Ga. The above data indicate that the two granites are derived from partial melting of metapelites of Xingxingxia group and might contain mix greywacke ingredients, suggesting that there exists Precambrian basement in the eastern part of South Tianshan. Based on this research and previous studies as well, we are convinced that South Tianshan ocean finally closed in Late Carboniferous-Early Permian and the appearance of A-type granites and mafic magmatism means that the south Tianshan orogenic belt enters the post-orogenic stage.Tungsten-rich Xingxingxia Group is the possible source of regional tungsten mineralization and the conversion stage from syn-collision to post-collision is the advantageous matallotecttonic system. Xingxingxia Group that had experienced the polycycle tectonism remelted again in orogenic processes in Early Permian, resulting in the final concentration of ore-forming elements.
- South Tianshan orogen /
- two-mica granites /
- geochemistry /
- tectonic setting /
- tungsten deposits /

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图 1 库米什地区区域地质简图(据杨天南和王小平，2006修改)

1.长城系星星峡群；2.早古生界地层；3.下泥盆统阿尔彼什麦组下亚组；4.下泥盆统阿尔彼什麦组上亚组；5.中泥盆统；6.石炭系；7.蛇绿岩；8.早古生代变形花岗岩；9.晚古生代未变形花岗岩；10.辉长岩；11.北天山单元；12.逆冲断层；13.钨矿点

Fig. 1. Regional geology of Kumishi area

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图 2 忠宝矿区(a)和桑树园子矿区(b)地质简

Fig. 2. Geological map of ore deposits in Zhongbao (a) and Shangshuyuanzi areas (b)

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图 3 微量元素原始地幔标准化(a)及稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解(b)

Fig. 3. Primitive mantle-normalized trace element (a) and chondrite-normalized REE diagram (b)

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图 4 忠宝、桑树园子岩体锆石阴极发光图像

Fig. 4. CL image of zircons from Zhongbao and Shangshuyuanzi granites

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图 5 忠宝(a)、桑树园子(b)岩体锆石U-Pb年龄谐和曲线

Fig. 5. Concordia diagram of U-Pb data for zircons of Zhongbao (a) and Shangshuyuanzi (b) granites

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图 6 岩体氧化物源区判定图解(据Patino Douce, 1999)

Fig. 6. Oxide discrimination diagrams of granite source

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图 7 岩体Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba源区判定图解(据Sylvester, 1998)

Fig. 7. Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba discrimination diagrams of granite source

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图 8 岩体ε_Nd(t)-ε_Sr(t)图解

Fig. 8. ε_Nd(t)-ε_Sr(t) diagram of granites

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图 9 岩体ε_Nd(t)-t图解

Fig. 9. ε_Nd(t)-t diagram of granites

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图 10 不同矿物脱水熔融的温度压力关系

Fig. 10. Temperature and pressure relations of mineral dehydration melting

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表 1 岩体主量(%)及微量元素(10^-6)化学分析结果

Table 1. Major element (%) and trace element (10^-6) compositions of granites

岩性	忠宝二云母二长花岗岩						桑树园子二云母二长花岗岩
样号	ZB1-1	ZB1-2	ZB1-3	ZB1-4	ZB1-5	ZB1-6	SSY-1	SSY-2	SSY-3	SSY-4	SSY-5	SSY-6	SSY-7	SSY-8
SiO₂	72.51	72.86	73.64	73.04	74.84	74.43	72.10	73.16	70.68	74.14	73.61	73.02	73.66	73.74
MgO	0.44	0.49	0.39	0.48	0.46	0.41	0.33	0.28	0.37	0.19	0.26	0.31	0.26	0.21
Al₂O₃	14.80	14.98	14.66	15.08	14.98	14.61	14.58	14.24	15.47	14.32	14.33	14.39	14.24	14.51
Na₂O	3.70	3.42	3.50	3.39	2.91	3.10	3.34	3.45	3.49	3.05	3.51	3.48	3.56	3.24
P₂O₅	0.18	0.20	0.22	0.19	0.17	0.18	0.09	0.08	0.09	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.14
K₂O	4.86	4.88	4.64	4.77	3.11	3.64	5.09	4.74	5.65	5.23	4.82	4.76	4.59	5.09
CaO	1.04	1.09	0.88	1.05	1.06	1.15	1.46	1.43	1.41	1.15	1.40	1.45	1.46	1.34
TiO₂	0.14	0.15	0.12	0.14	0.11	0.11	0.14	0.12	0.17	0.09	0.12	0.14	0.11	0.10
MnO	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.02	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.03
Fe₂O₃	1.24	1.34	1.10	1.26	0.29	0.11	0.74	0.32	0.40	0.37	0.27	0.39	0.44	0.21
FeO	0.88	0.98	0.88	0.85	1.06	1.24	0.87	0.92	1.23	0.50	0.88	1.07	0.78	0.62
H₂O	0.18	0.53	0.32	0.46	0.85	0.92	0.95	0.95	0.74	0.66	0.45	0.59	0.55	0.59
Li	57.4	121.0	89.2	68.3	112.3	76.5	31.7	29.2	48.2	25.7	23.9	40.5	34.6	28.5
W	31.10	15.70	10.50	20.60	18.50	27.30	7.75	8.63	9.38	10.80	8.01	9.20	6.12	8.90
Rb	245	276	292	255	273	256	261	241	303	253	248	249	236	248
Zr	90.76	136.00	98.33	200.00	74.10	90.20	133.00	103.00	137.00	49.90	90.90	108.00	92.70	79.90
Cl	342.0	478.0	523.0	421.0	396.0	406.0	301.0	309.0	150.0	53.4	62.5	77.6	65.2	83.3
Ba	311.0	318.0	81.2	231.0	356.0	389.0	480.0	454.0	522.0	353.0	468.0	444.0	480.0	397.0
Sr	65.79	68.30	26.58	51.47	112.00	138.00	148.00	148.00	157.00	124.00	151.00	151.00	152.00	136.00
Hf	3.30	4.32	3.46	5.76	3.18	3.02	5.20	4.60	6.00	1.80	3.00	4.80	4.20	3.90
Sn	7.80	7.70	8.30	6.50	9.20	10.10	4.36	4.72	6.02	9.13	4.10	4.80	3.78	6.38
Nb	19.41	19.74	19.82	8.39	12.30	11.30	33.30	18.90	22.50	18.90	14.90	15.30	13.30	16.10
Ta	3.66	3.75	4.08	3.14	2.88	3.18	3.13	2.05	2.40	1.83	1.69	1.62	1.35	1.70
U	2.02	1.55	2.36	0.96	1.66	1.79	3.23	2.83	4.40	1.72	1.89	2.99	2.49	2.19
Th	9.66	12.05	8.68	9.47	8.17	11.90	23.50	21.80	30.10	11.00	12.10	19.70	18.00	16.80
F	590	480	610	530	470	620	500	479	543	450	437	450	415	488
La	19.7	24.9	21.2	21.8	19.6	23.2	29.5	24.3	35.9	14.3	26.3	27.8	24.8	27.6
Ce	36.4	44.7	39.3	38.6	34.4	40.2	47.9	43.3	65.1	25.5	45.0	51.4	43.3	47.6
Pr	3.80	4.80	4.40	4.10	3.86	4.40	5.72	4.61	6.79	2.84	4.97	5.34	4.80	5.23
Nd	13.5	16.3	15.6	14.1	13.6	15.0	18.2	14.6	22.1	8.9	15.2	16.8	14.9	16.5
Sm	2.70	3.10	3.20	2.50	2.74	2.94	3.58	2.91	4.29	1.77	2.92	3.34	2.84	3.28
Eu	0.51	0.49	0.32	0.56	0.51	0.55	0.56	0.52	0.68	0.40	0.57	0.59	0.56	0.55
Gd	2.30	2.60	2.80	2.50	2.26	2.39	3.32	2.59	3.70	1.88	2.84	3.06	2.71	3.41
Tb	0.31	0.40	0.46	0.35	0.33	0.35	0.51	0.41	0.62	0.35	0.47	0.51	0.48	0.63
Dy	1.60	1.70	2.20	1.70	1.57	1.57	2.66	2.11	3.35	2.10	2.63	2.71	2.35	3.61
Ho	0.26	0.28	0.36	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.59	0.46	0.80	0.54	0.63	0.61	0.55	0.88
Er	0.61	0.67	0.78	0.70	0.64	0.62	1.43	1.14	1.96	1.42	1.64	1.59	1.41	2.35
Tm	0.08	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.24	0.19	0.34	0.26	0.28	0.29	0.25	0.41
Yb	0.57	0.67	0.74	0.70	0.62	0.60	1.55	1.31	2.29	1.80	1.92	1.84	1.67	2.82
Lu	0.09	0.11	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.24	0.20	0.36	0.27	0.31	0.29	0.26	0.43
Y	9.70	11.60	14.60	17.20	7.25	7.25	15.00	15.60	23.80	15.10	17.70	19.90	15.90	28.50
ΣREE	82.43	100.83	91.57	88.08	80.58	92.26	116.00	98.65	148.28	62.33	105.68	116.17	100.88	115.30
LREE	76.61	94.29	84.02	81.66	74.71	86.29	105.46	90.24	134.86	53.71	94.96	105.27	91.20	100.76
HREE	5.82	6.54	7.55	6.42	5.86	5.97	10.54	8.41	13.42	8.62	10.72	10.90	9.68	14.54
LREE/HREE	13.16	14.42	11.13	12.72	12.73	14.44	10.01	10.73	10.05	6.23	8.86	9.66	9.42	6.93
(La/Yb)_N	24.79	26.66	20.55	22.34	22.68	27.74	13.65	13.31	11.25	0.70	9.83	10.84	10.65	7.02
δEu	0.61	0.51	0.32	0.68	0.61	0.62	0.49	0.57	0.51	0.67	0.60	0.55	0.61	0.50

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表 2 忠宝和桑树园子岩体锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS测试结果

Table 2. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data of Zhongbao and Shangshuyuanzi granites

岩体	测试点	Th(10^-6)	U(10^-6)	Th/U	U-Th-Pb同位素比值						年龄(Ma)
岩体	测试点	Th(10^-6)	U(10^-6)	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁸Pb/²³²Th	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁸Pb/²³²Th	1σ
忠宝	A1-01	90	219	0.41	0.383 9	0.023 6	0.045 8	0.000 8	0.013 9	0.000 7	330	9	291	5	288	6
	A1-02	89	128	0.57	0.340 8	0.010 4	0.048 1	0.000 5	0.018 2	0.000 8	297	8	303	3	321	16
	A1-03	104	230	0.45	0.348 7	0.012 6	0.046 4	0.000 5	0.015 1	0.000 5	303	9	293	3	302	6
	A1-04	187	328	0.57	0.340 8	0.010 4	0.048 1	0.000 5	0.018 2	0.000 8	296	8	299	5	305	6
	A1-05	72	75	0.96	0.454 2	0.029 3	0.060 9	0.001 0	0.019 6	0.000 6	380	6	381	6	393	9
	A1-06	247	492	0.50	0.471 4	0.037 7	0.066 1	0.000 7	0.018 5	0.000 4	391	9	397	4	371	6
	A1-07	104	230	0.45	0.348 7	0.012 6	0.046 4	0.000 5	0.015 1	0.000 5	303	9	297	3	299	6
	A1-08	128	140	0.91	2.079 8	0.046 0	0.194 4	0.001 2	0.374 4	0.058 3	1 142	15	1 144	8	1 146	22
	A1-09	163	330	0.49	1.316 1	0.041 5	0.142 3	0.002 7	0.042 6	0.001 4	853	18	855	15	843	26
	A1-10	129	201	0.64	0.363 8	0.011 8	0.052 6	0.000 7	0.018 0	0.000 6	315	9	302	4	313	8
	A1-11	106	148	0.72	4.897 6	0.092 5	0.316 1	0.002 3	0.394 2	0.090 4	1 801	16	1 771	11	1 750	15
	A1-12	244	428	0.57	0.340 8	0.010 4	0.048 1	0.000 5	0.018 2	0.000 8	298	8	301	3	311	6
	A1-13	95	191	0.50	1.044 4	0.058 1	0.123 4	0.002 5	0.038 2	0.001 5	726	29	750	14	758	19
	A1-14	91	226	0.40	0.484 6	0.016 3	0.064 3	0.000 6	0.018 5	0.000 4	401	8	401	4	404	9
	A1-15	188	250	0.75	1.219 3	0.044 2	0.132 3	0.001 8	0.039 6	0.001 3	809	20	801	10	786	15
	A1-16	83	185	0.45	0.362 6	0.019 8	0.044 9	0.000 7	0.014 0	0.000 4	314	8	283	7	281	9
	A1-17	94	276	0.34	14.867 2	0.257 2	0.490 1	0.005 5	0.652 3	0.145 9	2 806	16	2 571	23	2 753	21
	A1-18	91	193	0.47	0.349 2	0.013 1	0.047 5	0.000 5	0.014 9	0.000 5	298	7	295	5	299	6
	A1-19	91	165	0.55	8.773 2	0.163 5	0.408 9	0.003 1	0.118 2	0.002 4	2 314	16	2 209	13	2 259	24
	A1-20	93	209	0.44	0.348 7	0.012 6	0.046 4	0.000 5	0.015 1	0.000 5	302	9	292	3	303	8
	A1-21	112	208	0.54	0.363 8	0.011 8	0.052 6	0.000 7	0.018 0	0.000 6	315	9	330	4	360	12
桑树园子	SSY-1	100	134	0.75	0.338 5	0.012 5	0.047 1	0.000 7	0.014 1	0.000 4	296	9	297	4	283	9
	SSY-2	81	112	0.72	0.373 7	0.018 9	0.046 6	0.000 6	0.016 1	0.000 6	322	14	293	4	323	12
	SSY-3	108	137	0.79	0.323 3	0.010 4	0.046 6	0.000 6	0.013 6	0.000 4	284	8	293	4	274	8
	SSY-4	640	820	0.78	0.347 3	0.012 4	0.047 1	0.000 5	0.014 5	0.000 4	303	9	297	3	292	8
	SSY-5	260	278	0.94	0.364 0	0.011 5	0.046 8	0.000 6	0.014 5	0.000 4	315	7	295	4	291	8
	SSY-6	110	146	0.75	0.453 2	0.019 3	0.049 3	0.000 5	0.017 1	0.000 6	380	14	310	3	343	12
	SSY-7	724	927	0.78	0.318 8	0.012 3	0.046 8	0.000 6	0.013 6	0.000 4	281	9	295	4	272	8
	SSY-8	120	117	1.03	0.295 7	0.010 7	0.046 7	0.000 5	0.013 7	0.000 5	263	8	294	3	274	9
	SSY-9	63	93	0.68	0.322 6	0.012 8	0.047 0	0.000 6	0.014 6	0.000 4	284	10	296	4	294	9
	SSY-10	108	151	0.72	0.339 2	0.012 8	0.046 8	0.000 6	0.015 4	0.000 4	297	9	295	4	309	8
	SSY-11	87	119	0.73	0.313 8	0.011 4	0.044 7	0.000 5	0.014 4	0.000 4	277	9	282	3	289	8
	SSY-12	256	277	0.92	0.519 1	0.023 5	0.065 7	0.000 9	0.020 5	0.000 7	425	16	410	6	410	13
	SSY-13	106	124	0.85	0.336 0	0.011 5	0.041 5	0.000 5	0.013 3	0.000 4	294	9	285	3	288	8
	SSY-14	57	149	0.38	2.188 7	0.102 8	0.181 8	0.005 1	0.078 0	0.003 6	1 177	33	1 077	28	1 519	68
	SSY-15	294	537	0.55	0.337 3	0.015 6	0.047 5	0.000 6	0.014 6	0.000 6	295	12	299	4	293	12
	SSY-16	140	139	1.01	0.377 3	0.012 0	0.040 2	0.000 9	0.012 8	0.000 4	325	9	254	5	256	8
	SSY-17	73	327	0.22	0.425 1	0.019 0	0.062 0	0.000 9	0.021 5	0.001 1	360	14	388	6	431	22
	SSY-18	115	188	0.61	0.505 5	0.027 1	0.072 2	0.001 2	0.020 1	0.000 8	415	18	449	7	402	16

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表 3 忠宝、桑树园子岩体Sr-Nd同位素测试结果

Table 3. Sr-Nd isotope composition of Zhongbao and Shangshuyuanzi granites

样品号	⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	I(Sr)	¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd	¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd	I(Nd)	ε_Nd(t)	T_DM(Ma)
ZB-1	6.525	0.736 289	0.708 8	0.126 1	0.512 159	0.511 916	-6.7	1 723
ZB-2	15.471	0.772 732	0.707 6	0.129 3	0.512 147	0.511 898	-7.1	1 810
ZB-3	7.836	0.741 456	0.708 5	0.111 8	0.512 150	0.511 935	-6.3	1 495
ZB-4	5.678	0.732 198	0.708 3	0.119 8	0.512 136	0.511 905	-6.9	1 646
SSY-1	4.967	0.727 818	0.707 1	0.123 9	0.512 262	0.512 018	-4.7	1 509
SSY-2	4.586	0.726 478	0.707 4	0.125 6	0.512 248	0.512 005	-5.0	1 561
SSY-3	5.436	0.730 355	0.707 7	0.122 3	0.512 235	0.511 994	-5.1	1 527
SSY-4	5.747	0.730 421	0.706 5	0.125 3	0.512 251	0.512 004	-4.9	1 551
T_DM的计算公式如下：T_DM=1/λln[1 +[(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_s-(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_DM]/[(¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd)_s-(¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd)_DM]；式中下标s和DM分别代表现今样品测定值和亏损地幔值；式中(¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd)_DM=0.213 57，(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_DM=0.513 215(Miller and OpNions, 1985)；t代表样品结晶年龄；λ= 6.54 ×10^-12 a^-1.

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表 4 忠宝、桑树园子岩体长石Pb同位素测试结果

Table 4. Pb isotope compositions of Zhongbao and Shangshuyuanzi granites feldspar

样品名称	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	Pb(10^-6)	Th(10^-6)	U(10^-6)	(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t	(²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t	(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t
ZB-1	18.671	15.636	38.504	24.4	9.7	2.0	18.386	15.621	38.072
ZB-2	18.526	15.629	38.497	22.8	12.1	1.6	18.293	15.617	37.924
ZB-3	18.753	15.651	38.399	24.1	8.7	2.4	18.416	15.633	38.008
ZB-4	18.199	15.619	38.232	18.0	9.5	1.0	18.017	15.610	37.664
SSY-1	19.073	15.666	38.680	19.8	8.2	1.7	18.784	15.651	38.231
SSY-2	19.310	15.663	39.150	21.6	12.1	1.9	19.006	15.648	38.534
SSY-3	18.877	15.641	38.975	27.7	19.7	3.0	18.505	15.621	38.200
SSY-4	18.796	15.637	39.071	25.3	18.0	2.5	18.458	15.619	38.297

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