Depositional Chemistry of Cherts of the Late Paleozoic in Napo Rift Basin, Guangxi and Its Implication for the Tectonic Evolution
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摘要: 广西那坡裂陷盆地位于右江盆地南缘，晚古生代该盆地广泛分布包括硅质岩、泥岩和海相玄武岩在内的深水相沉积.对盆地内上泥盆统榴江组和中下二叠统四大寨组硅质岩地球化学特征研究表明，硅质岩SiO2含量为88.55%~99.03%，PAAS组成含量小于20%，指示其含有较低的陆源碎屑组成.硅质岩的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值为0.45~0.94，Eu/Eu*值为0.51~0.95，为非热液成因硅质岩.除去SiO2稀释作用的影响后，硅质岩具有较高的稀土元素含量(∑REE+Y含量相当于PAAS组成的2~5倍)，指示其形成于相对远离陆源供应的环境.岩信和鱼塘上泥盆统榴江组硅质岩具有中等的Ce负异常(Ce/Ce*值分别为0.37~0.72和0.58~0.89)以及较明显的Y正异常(Y/Ho值分别为39.05~83.74和34.33~36.70)，形成于远离陆源的开阔裂谷盆地环境.鱼塘中下二叠统四大寨组硅质岩具有明显的Ce负异常(Ce/Ce*值为0.12~0.33)，显示成熟洋盆的地球化学特征.结合右江其他地区硅质岩的地球化学特征认为，晚古生代硅质岩的地球化学特征记录了右江盆地从晚泥盆世裂谷盆地到早中二叠世扩张为开阔洋盆的过程.Abstract: The Napo rift basin on the southern margin of the Youjiang basin was dominated by deep-water sediments including cherts, mudstones and marine basalts during the Late Paleozoic. Major and rare earth elements of the Upper Devonian Liujiang Formation and Lower-Middle Permian Sidazhai Formation cherts in Napo are analyzed in this study. The SiO2 contents of samples range from 88.55% to 99.03%, and the PAAS components are less than 20%, which indicate few terrigenous clastic components in the Upper Paleozoic cherts. The high Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratios (0.45 to 0.94) and no positive Eu anomalies (0.51 to 0.95) indicate non-hydrothermal origins. Considering the effect of diagenetic SiO2 dilution, their ∑REE+Y values are between twice and five times those of PAAS-like compositions, indicating that they were deposited in a basin far away from the terrigenous input environment. The Upper Devonian Liujiang Formation of Yanxin and Yutang have moderately negative Ce anomalies (0.37 to 0.72, 0.58 to 0.89, respectively) and higher Y/Ho ratios (39.05 to 83.74, 34.33 to 36.70, respectively), indicating these cherts were deposited in the open-rift basin far away from the terrigenous input. The Lower-Middle Permian Sidazhai Formation cherts of Yutang show similar geochemistry characteristics of the mature ocean basin cherts, with obviously negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*=0.12 to 0.33). On the basis of our studies about cherts, we conclude that the depositional chemistry of the Upper Paleozoic cherts records the evolution process of the Youjiang basin from the rift basin during the Late Devonian into an open-ocean basin during the Early-Middle Permian.
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Key words:
- the Late Paleozoic /
- Youjiang basin /
- cherts /
- geochemistry /
- depositional environment
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图 1 右江地区构造格架图(a) (据杜远生等, 2009)和那坡地区地质略图及采样位置(b)
D1-2p.中下泥盆统平恩组；D2d.中泥盆统东岗岭组；D3r.上泥盆统融县组；D3l.上泥盆统榴江组；D3w.上泥盆统五指山组；C.石炭系；P1-2s.中下二叠统四大寨组；P3lh.上二叠统领薅组；T1s.下三叠统石炮组；T2bf.中三叠统百逢组；C-Pm.石炭系-二叠系构造混杂岩；Cβ.石炭系玄武岩；P1-2β.中下二叠统玄武岩；P3β.上二叠统玄武岩；T1-2β.中下三叠统中基性火山岩
Fig. 1. Tectonic framework of the Youjiang basin (a) and the geological sketch map of Napo and sample location (b)
图 2 那坡裂陷盆地上古生界地层柱状图
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic columns of the Napo rift basin during the Late Paleozoic
图 4 硅质沉积物页岩标准化稀土模式曲线
巢湖孤峰组硅质岩数据据Kametaka et al., 2005；陆缘硅质岩来自美国Shoo Fly杂岩，数据据Girty et al., 1996；远洋硅质岩来自日本Sasayama地块，数据据Kato et al., 2002；海水为太平洋海水(水深5~2 576 m)，数据据Alibo and Nozaki, 1999；PAAS标准化数据据McLennan, 1989
Fig. 4. REE+Y patterns of the analyzed samples normalized to PAAS
图 5 硅质岩Al-Fe-Mn三角图(据Adachi et al., 1986)
Fig. 5. Al-Fe-Mn diagram of cherts
图 6 硅质岩Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)-Al2O3/TiO2图
1.长英质火山岩；2.安山岩；3.玄武岩；4.热液硅质岩；5.热液瓷状硅质岩；6.上地壳；7.NASC；8.PAAS；其他图例同图 3；热液硅质岩和热液瓷状硅质岩数据据Adachi et al., 1986；长英质火山岩、安山岩、玄武岩数据据Condie, 1993；NASC数据据Gromet et al., 1984；PAAS数据据Taylor and McLennan, 1985
Fig. 6. Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)-Al2O3/TiO2 diagram of cherts
图 8 右江盆地晚古生代硅质岩Ce/Ce*值分布
普安龙吟、紫云四大寨、南丹罗富和河池九圩硅质岩数据据黄虎等，2012；田林八渡硅质岩数据据黄虎等，2013；南宁硅质岩数据据王卓卓等, 2007；洋脊、远洋和大陆边缘硅质岩据Murray et al., 1991
Fig. 8. The Ce/Ce* values form the Youjiang basin during the Late Paleozoic
图 9 右江盆地晚泥盆世-中二叠世构造演化
1.大陆地壳；2.大洋地壳；3.地幔岩石圈；4.碳酸盐岩台地；5.硅质岩和泥岩；6.硅质岩和灰岩；7.采样位置
Fig. 9. The tectonic evolution from the Late Devonian to Middle Permian of the Youjiang basin
表 1 那坡裂陷盆地硅质岩样品的主量元素(%)和稀土元素含量(10-6)
Table 1. Major and rare earth element data of cherts from Napo rift basin
样号 Dy2 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy9 Dy12 Dnt1 Dnt2 Dnt3 Dnt4 Dnt5 Dnt8 Dnt9 Pnt27 Pnt28 Pnt29 Pnt30 Pnt31 SiO2 95.91 98.98 98.80 98.71 98.31 99.03 98.13 97.90 97.68 97.64 97.49 88.55 91.05 94.46 92.13 93.03 94.29 93.79 TiO2 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.05 Al2O3 0.67 0.33 0.36 0.40 0.65 0.35 0.98 0.87 1.15 1.27 1.26 4.57 3.63 2.21 3.37 2.89 2.24 2.20 Fe2O3 0.33 0.31 0.28 0.16 0.24 0.17 0.05 0.07 0.23 0.07 0.08 1.98 1.19 0.62 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.80 MnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 MgO 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.39 0.45 1.43 1.72 1.44 1.32 1.62 CaO 0.53 0.04 0.02 0.25 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.16 Na2O 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 K2O 0.25 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.20 0.11 0.18 0.16 0.22 0.22 0.22 2.07 2.02 0.49 0.82 0.73 0.53 0.41 P2O5 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 LOI 2.40 0.45 0.50 0.44 0.73 0.39 0.55 0.50 0.64 0.67 0.67 1.95 1.13 1.01 1.43 1.22 1.06 1.27 ∑ 100.27 100.33 100.18 100.32 100.35 100.23 100.09 99.68 100.15 100.08 99.96 99.76 99.86 100.31 100.33 100.21 100.35 100.34 Al* 0.61 0.45 0.49 0.65 0.67 0.61 0.94 0.90 0.79 0.93 0.92 0.63 0.69 0.73 0.77 0.74 0.68 0.67 Al2O3/TiO2 16.75 6.60 7.20 10.00 13.00 17.50 19.60 17.40 16.43 25.40 21.00 50.78 27.92 36.83 56.17 41.29 32.00 44.00 La 3.97 2.81 2.50 9.00 3.65 2.68 5.06 5.52 10.24 7.41 8.27 25.39 12.02 10.73 30.28 32.49 10.55 14.77 Ce 4.85 3.45 3.06 6.14 5.56 2.83 6.39 6.82 11.76 8.92 10.24 38.08 22.04 3.67 12.73 8.66 6.78 8.71 Pr 0.94 0.45 0.42 1.56 0.88 0.61 1.16 1.25 2.39 1.69 1.98 6.85 2.72 2.18 6.24 8.24 2.13 3.12 Nd 3.74 1.64 1.46 6.44 3.54 2.44 4.45 4.75 9.54 6.61 7.97 28.20 10.93 9.02 25.48 33.73 8.23 12.64 Sm 0.70 0.23 0.21 1.19 0.60 0.52 0.91 0.95 1.72 1.07 1.59 6.07 2.19 2.25 5.57 7.03 1.92 2.99 Eu 0.18 0.05 0.04 0.21 0.16 0.10 0.18 0.23 0.37 0.23 0.39 1.95 0.53 0.84 1.90 1.81 0.63 1.08 Gd 0.70 0.21 0.21 1.37 0.60 0.49 0.98 1.29 2.10 1.11 2.20 6.49 2.03 3.73 7.73 6.84 2.87 5.06 Tb 0.10 0.03 0.04 0.20 0.11 0.08 0.16 0.23 0.41 0.17 0.46 1.04 0.28 0.70 1.24 1.01 0.51 0.91 Dy 0.66 0.22 0.22 1.30 0.68 0.46 1.15 1.78 3.00 1.03 3.46 5.72 1.55 4.17 6.93 5.19 3.01 5.38 Ho 0.12 0.04 0.04 0.26 0.15 0.09 0.26 0.39 0.68 0.24 0.83 1.11 0.27 0.75 1.18 0.87 0.56 0.97 Er 0.34 0.14 0.13 0.78 0.51 0.29 0.80 1.22 2.03 0.72 2.51 2.86 0.77 1.79 2.87 2.15 1.37 2.28 Tm 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.10 0.08 0.04 0.12 0.18 0.30 0.11 0.37 0.38 0.12 0.23 0.36 0.26 0.18 0.28 Yb 0.30 0.15 0.14 0.70 0.55 0.23 0.83 1.19 1.91 0.82 2.34 2.36 0.70 1.28 1.93 1.40 0.95 1.42 Lu 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.07 0.04 0.14 0.17 0.29 0.14 0.33 0.36 0.11 0.18 0.27 0.19 0.14 0.21 Y 5.60 2.27 2.23 14.21 6.04 7.24 8.36 13.36 23.21 7.80 29.87 36.97 9.02 26.13 41.16 30.88 20.61 33.30 Y/Ho 45.24 51.71 55.32 53.89 39.05 83.74 32.70 34.22 34.05 32.32 36.16 33.37 34.01 34.84 34.87 35.60 36.70 34.33 Ce/Ce* 0.58 0.69 0.68 0.37 0.72 0.51 0.61 0.60 0.55 0.58 0.58 0.66 0.89 0.17 0.21 0.12 0.33 0.30 Eu/Eu* 0.79 0.66 0.65 0.51 0.80 0.59 0.59 0.63 0.59 0.64 0.63 0.95 0.76 0.88 0.88 0.80 0.82 0.85 REE+Y 22.29 11.74 10.73 43.56 23.19 18.12 30.97 39.35 69.93 38.06 72.81 163.80 65.27 67.64 145.9 140.7 60.45 93.11 注：Al*=Al/(Al+Fe+Mn). 
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